2024年高考《英語(yǔ)》二輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬測(cè)試（新高考九省專用卷）全析全解

第第頁(yè)2024年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試（新高考九省專用卷）（一）英語(yǔ)（全析全解）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的考生號(hào)、姓名、考點(diǎn)學(xué)校、考場(chǎng)號(hào)及座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需要改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1．Whatisthechairmadeof?A．Wood. B．Metal. C．Plastic.【答案】C【原文】W:Thischairisunusual.Canyouguesswhatmaterialitismadeof?M:Possiblyalightmetal.W:No,anewkindofplastic.2．Whatdoesthemanthinkofthefoodintherestaurant?A．Boring. B．Special. C．Great.【答案】A【原文】W:Howwasyourfirstdayhereintherestaurant?M:Great.I’veenjoyedit.Butthefoodweserveseemsabitboring.W:Whatfooddoyouthinkpeopleliketoeat?M:Well,Icantryoneofmyspecialmealsifyoulike.3．Wheredoesthemancomefrom?A．NewYork. B．Washington. C．LosAngeles.【答案】B【原文】W:Whereareyoufrom,Karl?NewYorkorLosAngeles?M:Ijusttoldyouyesterday,I’mfromWashington,acityclosetoNewYork.4．WhatisthenextTVprogram?A．Thenews. B．Aquizshow. C．Adocumentaryaboutanimals.【答案】C【原文】M:Doyouknowwhat’sonafterthenews?Isitaquizshow?W:No,it’sadocumentaryaboutanimals.M:Oh,Iliketowatchprogramsaboutanimals.5．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inalibrary. B．Inabookstore. C．Atacoffeeshop.【答案】A【原文】W:I’dliketocheckoutthesefourbooks,please.Bytheway,isthereanicecoffeeshoparoundhere?M:Yes,there’sonerightdownthestreet.Well,I’dliketoremindyouthatyourbooksaredueintwoweeksandpleasereturnthemintime.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatarethespeakersdoing?A．Cooking. B．Working. C．Eating.7．Whatwasputontheman’sfinger?A．Cream. B．Bandage. C．Ice.【答案】6．A7．C【原文】W:Well,thesalad’salmostready.How’sthebeefgoing?I’mstarving.M:SoamI.Thebeeflooksjustaboutready.Justoneminute.Wow!W:What’sthematter?M:Oh!Myfinger!Ihaveburnedmyfinger!W:That’sterrible!I’llgetsomeiceandputitonyourfinger.M:OK!W:There!M:Ah...ah...muchbetter.Theicereallyworks.W:Howdoesitfeel?M:Oh!Ifeelwellnow!Thanks!Let’seat.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Whodoesthebookbelongto?A．David. B．Mary. C．Nancy.9．Whatcanbeknownaboutthebook?A．Itsellsverywell.B．Itcanbefoundinafewbookstores.C．Thebookisaimedatstudents.10．Whatwillthewomandonext?A．Lookforthebookinabookstore.B．GiveMaryacall.C．Bringthebookrightnow.【答案】8．B9．A10．B【原文】W:Whatareyoureading,David?M:TheHeroTwoDoorsDown.Ireallyloveit.W:DoyouthinkIcouldborrowitwhenyou’vefinishedwithit?I’vebeenlookingalloverforacopy,butapparently,it’ssoldoutatallthebookstores.M:Oh,yeah.It’sbeensellingreallywell.Butthiscopyisn’tmine.ItbelongstoMary.W:Whendoyouthinkyou’llfinishreadingit?M:Tomorrow,Ithink.W:So,I’llcallMaryandseewhatshesays.M:OK,Nancy.LetmeknowifshesaysyessothatIcangiveittoyouassoonasI’mdone.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第11至14題。11．Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheskiplace?A．Thesnowisnotgood. B．It’sverycrowded. C．She’sbeentotheplacetwice.12．Whatdidthestupidskierdotothewoman?A．Hetookapictureofher. B．Hestolehernewgloves. C．Hedroveherintoatree.13．Howcanthewomanrecognizethestupidskier?A．Byhisclothing. B．Byhiscrazylaugh. C．Byhishairandeyes.14．Whatistheendofthestory?A．Thespeakersfindtheybothlikejazz.B．Themanseemstobethestupidskier.C．Themanwillteachthewomantoski.【答案】11．B12．C13．A14．B【原文】M:Whew!It’sprettycoldtoday.Miss,doyouoftenskihere?W:No,thisismyfirsttime.Actually,thisismyfirsttimeskiingever.M:Howdoyoulikeitsofar?W:Thesnowisgreat,butit’stoocrowded.Youknow,twopeoplecrashedintomeonmyfirstrun,andsomestupidskierwasgoingtoofastanddrovemeintoatree.Icrashedandlostmygloves.M:Wow,didtheskierstopandapologize?W:No,hejustlaughedatme.Humph!YoujustwaituntilIfindthatguy.M:Uh,whatareyougoingtodotohim?W:First,I’mgoingtobreakhisskis.AndthenIwilltakeapictureofhimandpostitonFacebook.M:Buthowareyougoingtoidentifyhim?W:Oh,that’seasy.Hewaswearingbrightredbootsandapurplehat,um…justlikeyours.M:Wait,wait!Whatdoyoumean?Whyareyoulookingatme?Youdon’tthinkitwasme,doyou?Um...doyoulikejazzmusic?聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第15至17題。15．Wherearethetwospeakers?A．Inacar. B．Inatrain. C．Inabus.16．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Atraveltoanewcity. B．Alightrailtrain. C．Atrafficaccident.17．Whooperatesthetrain?A．Theman. B．Thetrainitself. C．Operators.【答案】15．A16．B17．C【原文】W:Lookout!M:Don’tworry.That’sanewlightrailtrain.Thenewlightrailsystemsharestheroadwithstreettraffic.W:Forasecond,Ithoughtourcarwasgoingtorunintoit.M:Didn’tyouseetheoperatorseatedatthefrontofthetrain?Shewatchesoutforotherdrivers.W:Ididn’tknowthetrainhaveoperators.Ithoughttheywereautomatic.M:No.They’renotlikesomeformsofrapidtransit.W:Iseethatthetrainsrideontracksandarepoweredbyoverheadelectriclines.M:That’sright.W:I’dliketohaveatryonthelightrailtrain.M:OK,I’lltakeyoutotheneareststop.There’stheplatformoverthere.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。18．Howoldisthespeakernow?A．12yearsold. B．15yearsold. C．17yearsold.19．WhatdidLisasaywhenshewasinvitedtoamovie?A．Shehadtostudy.B．Shehadwatchedthemovie.C．Shehadtoseeanotherfriend.20．WhatdoweknowaboutthewomanandLisanow?A．Theyhardlyseeeachother.B．Theyremaintobegoodfriends.C．Theyhavefewerfriends.【答案】18．C19．A20．B【原文】Lisaismybestfriend.ShemovedtoChicagofromLondonwithherfamilyataveryyoungage.Wefirstmetwhenwewerebothjustfiveyearsold.Herfamilylivednexttomine,andwebecamefriendsassoonaswekneweachother.Wewenttothesamekindergartenandalwaysplayedtogether.Nowtwelveyearshaspassed.Wehavebeenfriendsalltheseyearsandwearestillneighbors.However,atthebeginningofthisyearIfoundthatLisadidn’thangoutwithmeasmuchasbefore.WhenIaskedhertohangoutwithme,shesaidshewasbusy.Oneday,Iaskedhertogotoamoviewithme,butshesaidshebadtostudyforanexamathome.However,laterthatday,Isawherwalkingonthestreetwithanothergirl.Ibecameangry,ranuptoherandaskedherwhysheliedtome.Thatnight,Lisaapologized.Shesaidshewantedtomakemorefriends.Shedidn’ttellmethetruthbecauseshewasafraidshe’dbreakmyheart.Afterknowingthereason,Itoldheritwasalright.Everyoneneedsnewfriends.Ihavealsomadesomenewfriends.NowLisaandIarestillgoodfriends.Butwebothhavemorefriendsthanbefore.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ALeafygreensareagreatwaytoimproveyourhealthastheypossessmanyvitalnutrients,vitamins,mineralsandantioxidants.Theyarealsolowincalories,makingthemagoodchoiceforthosewhowanttomanagetheirweight.Thefollowingsaladleavesinyourdietarehighlyrecommendedbynutritionists.SpinachSpinachiseasytogetallyearround.Itisagoodsourceofantioxidants,whichcanreducetheriskofmanydiseases,includingheartdiseaseandcertaincancers.It’sbesteatenuncooked,aspartofasalad,ascookingtendstodestroythenaturallyoccurringnutrientsintheleaves.CollardgreensCollardgreensareagoodsourceoflutein,whichisimportantforeyehealth.TheyarefullofvitaminsAandCandmineralssuchascalcium,iron,zinc,copperandselenium,andareagoodsourceoffibre.Aswithspinach,youcangetthemallyearround.RocketIfyou’reinthemoodforaleafygreenwithafresh,slightlybitterandpepperytaste,consideraddingrockettoyourplate.Rocketispackedwithnitrates—whichstudieshaveshowncanboostperformanceinsports.RocketisalsorichinvitaminsKandC,andcalciumandpolyphenols.RomainelettuceRomainelettuceisagoodsourceofvitaminsandminerals,includingvitaminsA,K,Candfolate.Thesenutrientsareessentialformaintainingoverallhealthandsupportingahealthyimmunesystem.Romaineisasourceoffibretoo,whichisknowntoreduceyourriskofheartdisease,stroke,type2diabetesandbowelcancer.21．Whyaretheleafygreensagoodoptionforpeopletryingtocontroltheirweight?A．Theyarefullofnutrients. B．Theyareaffordableandtasty.C．Theycontainveryfewcalories. D．Theyarerecommendedbynutritionists.22．Whichfoodmaybebeneficialtoeyes?A．Spinach. B．Collardgreens. C．Rocket. D．Romainelettuce.23．Whatdospinachandromainelettucehaveincommon?A．Theymustbecooked. B．Theyareavailableallyearround.C．Theycanboostperformanceinsports. D．Theymaylessenthepossibilityofheartdisease.【答案】21．C22．B23．D【解析】本文是應(yīng)用文。綠葉蔬菜是改善健康的好方法，因?yàn)樗鼈兒性S多重要的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素、維生素、礦物質(zhì)和抗氧化劑。它們的熱量也很低，對(duì)于那些想要控制體重的人來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。文章主要介紹了營(yíng)養(yǎng)師推薦的幾種綠葉蔬菜。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theyarealsolowincalories,makingthemagoodchoiceforthosewhowanttomanagetheirweight.(它們的熱量也很低，對(duì)于那些想要控制體重的人來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。)”可知，綠葉蔬菜對(duì)于想要控制體重的人來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇是因?yàn)樗鼈兒泻苌俚目防?。故選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Collardgreens部分中的“Collardgreensareagoodsourceoflutein,whichisimportantforeyehealth.(羽衣甘藍(lán)是葉黃素的良好來(lái)源，葉黃素對(duì)眼睛健康很重要。)”可知，Collardgreens(羽衣甘藍(lán))對(duì)眼睛有好處，故選B。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Spinach部分中的“Itisagoodsourceofantioxidants,whichcanreducetheriskofmanydiseases,includingheartdiseaseandcertaincancers.(它是抗氧化劑的良好來(lái)源，可以降低許多疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，包括心臟病和某些癌癥。)”和Romainelettuce部分中的“Romaineisasourceoffibretoo,whichisknowntoreduceyourriskofheartdisease,stroke,type2diabetesandbowelcancer.(羅馬生菜也是纖維的來(lái)源，眾所周知，它可以降低患心臟病、中風(fēng)、2型糖尿病和腸癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知，菠菜和羅馬生菜的共同點(diǎn)是它們可能會(huì)降低患心臟病的可能性。故選D。BMostanimalsareactivearoundpeople,whichmakesobservingtheminthewildachallengingeffortforresearchers.Theissueisworsenedwithnaturallyshycreatureslikeemperorpenguins(企鵝),whoshowsignsofphysicalsorrowinfrontofhumans.TheFrenchscientistLeMahoandhisteambeganaprojecttotestifsendingtinyrobotstocollecttherequiredinformationwouldaffectthepenguinsasharmfully.Theybeganbyfitting34emperorpenguinswithoutsideheartratemonitors,whichcouldbereadfromadistanceof60centimeters.Theythensentasimple,fourwheeledrobotintoaplaceofhatchingpenguinsthatwerestationarybecausetheywereusingtheirlegstoprotecteggs.Thoughthepenguinswerealittlealarmedandevencried,theydidallowtherobottoreadtheirheartmonitors.Evenmoreencouragingwasthefactthatassoonastherobotstoppedmoving,thepenguins'heartratesreturnedtonormal,muchmorerapidlythanwhenhumansenteredtheplace.However,fortheextremelyshyemperorpenguinsitwasstilltoodisturbing.Aftersomediscussions,theirfirstattemptfailedterribly.Fortunately,thescientistsdecidedtotrytocovertherobotasapenguinchickforLeMaho'steam,aBritishproductioncompanyworkingonanewsfilm,anditwasalsotryinggettingintothepenguinplaceusingsecretcameras.Thetwoworkedtogethertocreatealovelychickrobotthattheemperorpenguinsimmediatelyconsideredasoneoftheirown.Coveredinsoftfuzz(絨毛)justlikearealbabyemperorpenguin,itissobelievablethatthechicksgatheraroundit,justastheydowitheachother.Thepenguinsnotonlyaccepttherobot,buttheyevensingtoit,andappearalittledisappointedwhenthe“chick”doesn'trespond—anerrorthescientistsplantocorrectwiththenextgroupofrobotpenguins.Notsurprisingly,thepenguinsshowalmostnostressasthelovely“spy”walksaroundtheplace,gatheringallkindsofinformationabouttheirday-to-daylives.24．Oncehumansapproachemperorpenguins,theytendto.A．showtheirshyness B．feeldisturbedandsadC．takeactionmoreactively D．diveintothesearightaway25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stationary”inparagraph2mean?A．Still. B．Strong. C．Hungry. D．Dynamic.26．Whatistheadvantageofthechickrobotcomparedwiththefourwheeledrobot?A．Ithastwocreativeworkingteams.B．Ithasmadelesserrorsingatheringinformation.C．Itismorebelievabletogetclosetotherealpenguins.D．Itismorecapableofcommunicatingwiththerealpenguins.27．Whatwillthescientistsdowiththenextgroupofrobotpenguins?A．Fixnewheartmonitorstogetaccurateheartrates.B．Developtheiraudiosystemandgetthemtosing.C．Changetheirlooksandmakethemlookmorelovely.D．Improvethetechniquetorestoretheircommunicativefunction.【答案】24．B25．A26．C27．C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了科學(xué)家利用“小雞”機(jī)器人來(lái)收集帝企鵝的信息，以免這種企鵝在人類接近的時(shí)候感到不安和悲傷。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theissueisworsenedwithnaturallyshycreatureslikeemperorpenguins(企鵝),whoshowsignsofphysicalsorrowinfrontofhumans.(這個(gè)問(wèn)題在像帝企鵝這樣天生害羞的動(dòng)物身上更加嚴(yán)重，它們?cè)谌祟惷媲氨憩F(xiàn)出身體上的悲傷)”以及第四段“However,fortheextremelyshyemperorpenguinsitwasstilltoodisturbing.(然而，對(duì)于極度害羞的帝企鵝來(lái)說(shuō)，這仍然太令人不安了)”可知，一旦人類接近帝企鵝，它們往往會(huì)感到不安和悲傷。故選B。25．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“becausetheywereusingtheirlegstoprotecteggs”可知，企鵝要用腿保護(hù)蛋，所以它們是靜止的。故劃線詞意思是“靜止的”。故選A。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Coveredinsoftfuzz(絨毛)justlikearealbabyemperorpenguin,itissobelievablethatthechicksgatheraroundit,justastheydowitheachother.Thepenguinsnotonlyaccepttherobot,buttheyevensingtoit,andappearalittledisappointedwhenthe“chick”doesn'trespond—anerrorthescientistsplantocorrectwiththenextgroupofrobotpenguins.(它被柔軟的絨毛覆蓋著，就像一只真正的小帝企鵝，它是如此可信，以至于小企鵝們聚集在它周圍，就像它們彼此之間一樣。企鵝們不僅接受了機(jī)器人，甚至還對(duì)著它唱歌，當(dāng)“小雞”沒(méi)有回應(yīng)時(shí)，它們顯得有點(diǎn)失望——科學(xué)家們計(jì)劃用下一組機(jī)器人企鵝來(lái)糾正這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤)”可知，小雞機(jī)器人與四輪機(jī)器人相比優(yōu)勢(shì)在于接近真實(shí)的企鵝，企鵝更容易相信。故選C。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Coveredinsoftfuzz(絨毛)justlikearealbabyemperorpenguin,itissobelievablethatthechicksgatheraroundit,justastheydowitheachother.(它被柔軟的絨毛覆蓋著，就像一只真正的小帝企鵝，它是如此可信，以至于小企鵝們聚集在它周圍，就像它們彼此之間一樣)”可推知，小雞機(jī)器人因?yàn)橛薪q毛覆蓋，所以被帝企鵝接受了，故推測(cè)科學(xué)家將要改變下一批機(jī)器企鵝的外表，讓他們看起來(lái)更可愛(ài)。故選C。CIsfutureyou?Itmightseemlikeastrangephilosophicalquestion.Buttheanswertohowyouthinkaboutyourfutureselfcouldmakethedifferencebetweendecisionsyouultimatelyfindsatisfyingandonesyoumighteventuallyregret.ThebrainpatternsthatemergeonanMRI(核磁共振成像)whenpeoplethinkabouttheirfutureselvesmostlikethebrainpatternsthatarisewhentheythinkaboutstrangers.Thisfindingsuggeststhat,inthemind’seye,ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.Ifyouseefutureyouasadifferentperson,whyshouldyousavemoney,eathealthierorexercisemoreregularlytobenefitthatstranger?However,ifyouseetheinterestsofyourdistantselfasmorelikethoseofyourpresentself,youareconsiderablymorelikelytodothingstodaythatbenefityoutomorrow.ApaperinthejournalPLoSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwell-being.InaprojectledbyJosephReiff,whichincludes5,000adultsaged20to75,hefoundthatthosewhoperceivedagreatoverlap(重疊)inqualitiesbetweentheircurrentandfutureselvesendedupbeingmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives10yearsafterfillingouttheinitialsurvey.

Sohowcanwebetterbefriendourfutureselvesandfeelmoreconnectedtotheirfates?Thepsychologicalmindsetwithwhatwecall”vividnessinterventions“works.Wehavefound,forinstance,thatshowingpeopleimagesoftheirolder,grayerselvesincreasesintentionstosaveforthelongterm.Besides,youmighttrywritingaletterto-andthenfrom-yourfutureself.AsdemonstratedbyYutaChishimaandAnneWilsonintheir2020studyinthejournalSelfandIdentity,whenhigh-schoolstudentsengagedinthistypeof”send-and-reply“exercise,theyexperiencedelevated(升高的)levelsoffeelingsofsimilaritywiththeirfutureselves.Letter-writingandvisualizationexercisesarejustacoupleofwayswecanconnectwithourfutureselvesandbeyond,butthelargerlessonhereisclear:Ifwecantreatourdistantselvesasiftheyarepeoplewelove,careaboutandwanttosupport,wecanstartmakingchoicesforthemthatimproveourlives-bothtodayandtomorrow.28．What’sthefunctionofparagraph2?A．Generatingfurtherdiscussion. B．Introducingaresearchresult.C．Showingtheeffectofthefinding. D．Concludingvariousviewpoints.29．Howdoestheauthorprovehisstatements?A．Byofferingrelevantstatistics. B．Byusingquotations.C．Byreferringtopreviousfindings. D．Bymakingcomparisons.30．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Benefitsofbefriendingourfutureselves.B．Waysofconnectingwithourfutureselves.C．Methodsofchangingpsychologicalmindsets.D．Possibilitiesofusbecomingourfutureselves.31．Whatdoesthearticlewanttotellus?A．Makingfutureplansmakesadifference.B．Ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.C．Gettingtoknowyourfutureselfbenefits.D．Yourchoiceaffectsthefatesofstrangers.【答案】28．A29．C30．B31．C【解析】這是一片說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了與自己未來(lái)建立聯(lián)系的好處，以及如何與未來(lái)的自己建立聯(lián)系，并為未來(lái)做出有益的選擇。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ThebrainpatternsthatemergeonanMRI(核磁共振成像)whenpeoplethinkabouttheirfutureselvesmostlikethebrainpatternsthatarisewhentheythinkaboutstrangers.Thisfindingsuggeststhat,inthemind’seye,ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.Ifyouseefutureyouasadifferentperson,whyshouldyousavemoney,eathealthierorexercisemoreregularlytobenefitthatstranger?(當(dāng)人們思考未來(lái)的自我時(shí)，核磁共振成像上出現(xiàn)的大腦模式最像是當(dāng)他們思考陌生人時(shí)產(chǎn)生的大腦模式。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，在大腦的眼中，我們未來(lái)的自己看起來(lái)和其他人一樣。如果你把未來(lái)的自己視為一個(gè)不同的人，你為什么要省錢、吃得更健康或更經(jīng)常地鍛煉來(lái)造福那個(gè)陌生人？)”可推知，本段通過(guò)設(shè)問(wèn)來(lái)引出下文，產(chǎn)生進(jìn)一步的討論，為什么要和未來(lái)的自己建立聯(lián)系。故選A。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句話到最后一句話“ApaperinthejournalPLoSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwell-being.InaprojectledbyJosephReiff,whichincludes5,000adultsaged20to75,hefoundthatthosewhoperceivedagreatoverlap(重疊)inqualitiesbetweentheircurrentandfutureselvesendedupbeingmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives10yearsafterfillingouttheinitialsurvey.(《公共科學(xué)圖書館綜合》雜志上的一篇論文顯示，與未來(lái)自我有更大聯(lián)系感和相似感的大學(xué)生更有可能在學(xué)業(yè)上取得成功。與未來(lái)自我的關(guān)系對(duì)整體心理健康也很重要。在JosephReiff領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，包括5000名年齡在20歲至75歲之間的成年人，他發(fā)現(xiàn)那些認(rèn)為自己現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)的品質(zhì)有很大重疊的人，在完成最初的調(diào)查10年后，最終對(duì)自己的生活更加滿意)”可推知，作者通過(guò)參考先前的發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)證明他的陳述。故選C。30．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段第一句話“Sohowcanwebetterbefriendourfutureselvesandfeelmoreconnectedtotheirfates?(那么，我們?nèi)绾尾拍芨玫嘏c未來(lái)的自己成為朋友，并與他們的命運(yùn)更加緊密地聯(lián)系在一起呢？)”以及全段內(nèi)容來(lái)看，本段主要介紹了與未來(lái)的自己聯(lián)系的方式。故選B。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中第二句話“Buttheanswertohowyouthinkaboutyourfutureselfcouldmakethedifferencebetweendecisionsyouultimatelyfindsatisfyingandonesyoumighteventuallyregret.(但是，你如何看待未來(lái)的自己的答案可能會(huì)決定你最終感到滿意的決定和你最終可能后悔的決定)”及第三段的第二、三句話“ApaperinthejournalPLoSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwell-being.(《公共科學(xué)圖書館綜合》雜志上的一篇論文顯示，與未來(lái)自我有更大聯(lián)系感和相似感的大學(xué)生更有可能在學(xué)業(yè)上取得成功。與未來(lái)自我的關(guān)系對(duì)整體心理健康也很重要)”和最后一段“Letter-writingandvisualizationexercisesarejustacoupleofwayswecanconnectwithourfutureselvesandbeyond,butthelargerlessonhereisclear:Ifwecantreatourdistantselvesasiftheyarepeoplewelove,careaboutandwanttosupport,wecanstartmakingchoicesforthemthatimproveourlives-bothtodayandtomorrow(寫信和可視化練習(xí)只是我們與未來(lái)自我和未來(lái)自我聯(lián)系的幾種方式，但這里更大的教訓(xùn)是明確的：如果我們能把遙遠(yuǎn)的自我當(dāng)作我們愛(ài)、關(guān)心和想要支持的人來(lái)對(duì)待，我們就能開始為他們做出選擇，改善我們今天和明天的生活)”可知，文章介紹了與未來(lái)自己建立聯(lián)系的好處，如何與未來(lái)的自己建立聯(lián)系，并為未來(lái)做出有益的選擇。由此推知，這篇文章想告訴我們了解未來(lái)的自己的利好處。故選C。DHaveyoueverforgottenitemswhentryingtorecallashoppinglist?Ordialedthewrongphonenumberwhenattemptingtomemoriseone?Thebrainmechanisms(機(jī)制)thatcauseustodrawablankinsuchsituationshavenowbeenidentified.Ourworkingmemorykeepssmallpiecesofinformationthatarereadilyaccessibleforplanning,understandingandsolvingproblems.Butitwillhave“swaperrors”.Forexample,ifweareshownaredsquareandnbluecircle,andarethenaskedwhatcolourthecirclewas,wemightsayred,Tounderstandwhywemakesucherrors,JeffJohnstonatColumbiaUniversityandhiscolleaguesrecordedthebrainactivityoftwomonkeysbecauseamonkey’sworkingmemoryisverysimilartohumans.Themonkeyswereshowntwodifferentlycolouredsquares,oneabovetheother,forhalfasecond.Afterashortdelay,ablackspotappearedinthesamelocationasoneofthesquares,andthendisappeared.Theanimalsweretrainedtotellthecolourofthesquaretheyweresupposedtoberememberingbasedonthespot’slocation,bystaringatthematchingcolouronarotatable(可旋轉(zhuǎn)的)wheel.Whendoingthisforabout3hoursovermultiplesessions,themonkeysperformedthetaskcorrectlybetween60and82percentofthetime,butoccasionallymadeswaperrors.Theresearchsuggeststhatthebrainresponseslinkedtoswaperrorsemergedbeforetheanimalsdecidedwhichcolourtoreport.Theyappearedtoariseduring“selection”whencertainitemsstoredinworkingmemoryareenhancedattheexpenseofothers,ratherthanoccurringasaresultofthemforgettingorafailuretocorrectlyencode(編碼)itemsintheirworkingmemory.“Everyoneassumedthereweresimplerexplanationslikefailuretoencodeorforgetting,butthisverycoolstudyshowsthatworkingmemoryerrorscomefromapreviouslyunknownsource,”saysEarlMillerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Theteamisplanningfurtherexperimentstogainabetterunderstandingofmechanismsunderlyingswaperrors.32．Whatisthefunctionofworkingmemory?A．Toidentifytheerrorsinunderstanding. B．Toreducetheoccurrenceofmindblanking.C．Todevelopthewayofdistinguishingcolours. D．Tostoreinformationatthereadyformentaluse.33．Whatwerethemonkeystaskedwithintheresearch?A．Correctingtheirerrorsovermultiplesessions. B．Playingamatchinggameonarotatablewheel.C．Reportingthecolourofthesquaretomemorize. D．Figuringouttheexactpositionoftheblackspot.34．Whatdoestheresearchsuggestaboutswaperrors?A．Theyareunusualbrainresponses. B．Theyshowatendencyforforgetfulness.C．Theyhaveaneffectonworkingmemory. D．Theyaretheoutcomeofmemoryselection.35．WhatisEarlMiller’sattitudetowardstheresearchfinding?A．Unclear. B．Appreciative. C．Objective. D．Dismissive.【答案】32．D33．C34．D35．B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要解釋了什么是工作記憶以及針對(duì)工作記憶為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的相關(guān)研究過(guò)程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ourworkingmemorykeepssmallpiecesofinformationthatarereadilyaccessibleforplanning,understandingandsolvingproblems.(我們的工作記憶保存著小塊的信息，這些信息很容易用于計(jì)劃、理解和解決問(wèn)題)”可知，工作記憶的功能是把信息儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)以備腦力使用。故選D。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Themonkeyswereshowntwodifferentlycolouredsquares,oneabovetheother,forhalfasecond.Afterashortdelay,ablackspotappearedinthesamelocationasoneofthesquares,andthendisappeared.Theanimalsweretrainedtotellthecolourofthesquaretheyweresupposedtoberememberingbasedonthespot’slocation,bystaringatthematchingcolouronarotatable(可旋轉(zhuǎn)的)wheel.(給猴子看兩個(gè)不同顏色的方塊，一個(gè)在另一個(gè)上面，持續(xù)半秒鐘。在短暫的延遲后，一個(gè)黑點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在與其中一個(gè)方塊相同的位置，然后消失。動(dòng)物們經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練，通過(guò)盯著一個(gè)可旋轉(zhuǎn)的輪子上的對(duì)應(yīng)顏色，說(shuō)出它們應(yīng)該根據(jù)點(diǎn)的位置所記住的正方形的顏色。)”可知，在這項(xiàng)研究中，猴子的任務(wù)是報(bào)告要記憶的正方形顏色。故選C。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theresearchsuggeststhatthebrainresponseslinkedtoswaperrorsemergedbeforetheanimalsdecidedwhichcolourtoreport.Theyappearedtoariseduring“selection”whencertainitemsstoredinworkingmemoryareenhancedattheexpenseofothers,ratherthanoccurringasaresultofthemforgettingorafailuretocorrectlyencode(編碼)itemsintheirworkingmemory.(研究表明，與交換錯(cuò)誤相關(guān)的大腦反應(yīng)在動(dòng)物決定報(bào)告哪種顏色之前就出現(xiàn)了。它們似乎是在“選擇”過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的，當(dāng)儲(chǔ)存在工作記憶中的某些項(xiàng)目以犧牲其他項(xiàng)目為代價(jià)而得到加強(qiáng)時(shí)，而不是由于他們忘記或未能正確編碼工作記憶中的項(xiàng)目而出現(xiàn)的。)”可知，關(guān)于交換錯(cuò)誤，研究表明是記憶選擇的結(jié)果。故選D。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Everyoneassumedthereweresimplerexplanationslikefailuretoencodeorforgetting,butthisverycoolstudyshowsthatworkingmemoryerrorscomefromapreviouslyunknownsource,”saysEarlMillerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.(麻省理工學(xué)院的厄爾·米勒說(shuō)：“每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為有更簡(jiǎn)單的解釋，比如編碼失敗或遺忘，但這項(xiàng)非常酷的研究表明，工作記憶錯(cuò)誤來(lái)自一個(gè)以前未知的來(lái)源?！?”可推知，厄爾·米勒對(duì)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的態(tài)度是積極欣賞的。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Expertsoftentellstudentstocentertheireffortsonanarrowfieldtogetajobafterschool.36Oneofthewinnersofthisyear’sNobelPrizeinChemistrywasDanishscientistMortenMeldal,whois68yearsoldandworksattheUniversityofCopenhagen.Whendescribinghiscareer,Meldalsaidhestartedoutasanengineerbutchangedtochemistrybecausehe“wantedtounderstandtheworld.”37Theymightbelievetheyhavetocentertheirworkandschoollivesinonefieldtobesuccessful.ButastudyfromprofessorsatMichiganStateUniversityshowsthatisnotalwaysthecase.TheresearcherslookedintopastNobelPrizewinnersandtheirstudents.38someofwhattheylearnedfromtheirteachersishowtolivealifewithmanyinterests.Theyare,inaway,learninghowtobecreative.Nobelwinnersareninetimesmorelikelytohaveexperienceinworkingwithwood,metalorintheartsthanmostscientists.TheresearchersalsofoundthattheNobelwinnershaveanopenmindabouttheirlifeexperiences.Unlikemanypeoplewhospendlonghoursatworkandgiveuptheiroutsideinterests,39Theresearcherssaythat,evenamongpeoplewhodonotwinbigprizes,thosewithmanyinterestsareoftensuccessful.Theypointedtoa2022reportaboutstudentswhostudytwomajorfieldsincollege.40Doublemajorsareoftenmorecreativeandmoreinterestedinstartingtheirownbusinessesthanthosewhocenteredononlyonestudyarea.A．Thatstudyplaniscalleda“doublemajor”.B．Whatwebelieveisofgreatbenefitstothem.C．Meldal’sexperiencemaycomeasasurprisetostudents.D．Theydiscoveredthatiftheyhelpedeachotherafterwards,E．Nobelwinnersbelievetheirhobbiesareimportanttocreativity.F．TheyfoundthatwhenthestudentsofwinnerswentontowinNobelPrizes,G．ButrecentresearchintoNobelPrizewinnerssuggeststhatwiderinterestsareimportant.【答案】36．G37．C38．F39．E40．A【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)針對(duì)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咄ǔＳ卸鄠€(gè)領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)，廣博的知識(shí)使他們?cè)诠ぷ髦心苡貌煌慕嵌群头椒ㄋ伎紗?wèn)題。36．根據(jù)上文“Expertsoftentellstudentstocentertheireffortson