英國可再生能源應(yīng)用市場調(diào)研和分析報告（英文版）-2024年1月上傳培訓(xùn)課件

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TRENDSRenewableenergyintheUKCHAPTER

01OverviewLeadingcountriesininstalledrenewableenergycapacityworldwidein2022(ingigawatts)Renewableenergycapacity2022bycountryCapacityingigawatts60002004008001,0001,2001,400ChinaU.S.1,161352Brazil175India163148GermanyJapan118106CanadaSpain6865FranceItaly603Description:Theleadingcountriesforinstalledrenewableenergyin2022wereChina,theU.S.,andBrazil.Chinawastheleaderinrenewableenergyinstallations,withacapacityofaround1,161gigawatts.TheU.S.,insecondplace,hadacapacityofaround352gigawatts.Renewableenergyisanimportantstepinaddressingclimatechangeandmitigatingtheconsequencesofthisphenomenon.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):IRENACumulativeinstalledcapacityofwindpowerworldwidein2022,bycountry(inmegawatts)Globalcumulativeinstalledcapacityofwindpower2022,bycountryCumulativeinstalledcapacityinmegawatts150,000

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250,000050,000100,000300,000350,000400,000395,630450,000ChinaUnitedStatesGermanyIndia144,18466,24241,983Spain29,813UnitedKingdomBrazil28,08725,631France20,600Canada15,31014,227SwedenRestoftheworld152,7364Description:Chinaisbyfarthelargestinstallerofwindpowercapacityintheworld,morethandoublingthesecond-rankedUnitedStates.Asof2022,Chinahadcumulativelyinstalledover395gigawattsofwindenergy,incomparisonto122.2gigawattsofwindenergyinstalledintheUnitedStates.Worldwide,cumulativecapacityofinstalledwindenergyreached906gigawattsin2022,agenerousincreaseoverthelastdecades.Thepotentialofwindenergyaroundtheworldisimmense,andwindpower[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):WWEACumulativeoffshorewindpowercapacityworldwidein2022,bycountry(inmegawatts)Offshorewindenergytotalcapacity2022,bycountryCumulativecapacityinmegawatts05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,000ChinaUnitedKingdomGermany31,44213,9188,055NetherlandsDenmark2,8292,3082,262BelgiumOtherEuropeSouthKorea418142UnitedStates

425Description:China'stotaloffshorewindpowercapacityreachedapproximately31.4gigawattsin2022.Incomparison,thetotaloffshorewindcapacityintheUnitedKingdomwasaround13.9thesameyear.Globally,offshorewindpowercapacityamountedtoapproximately64.3gigawattsin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):GWECCumulativesolarphotovoltaiccapacitygloballyasof2022,byselectcountry(ingigawatts)GlobalcumulativesolarPVcapacity2022,byselectcountryCumulativecapacityingigawatts200

250050100150300350400450ChinaUnitedStatesJapan414.5141.584.77966.7IndiaGermanyAustraliaSpain29.326.6Brazil23.5NetherlandsPoland1812.5RestofWorld289.26Description:China'scumulativesolarPV(photovoltaic)capacityreached414.5gigawattsattheendof2022.Inthelastyears,solarpowerhasbecomeaforceintheenergymarket.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):REN21Cumulativehydropowercapacityworldwidein2022,bymajorcountry(ingigawatts)Hydropowerglobalcapacityinkeycountries2022Hydropowercapacityingigawatts150

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250050100300350400450ChinaBrazilUnitedStatesCanadaRussia414.8109.810283.355.851.849.6IndiaJapanNorwayTurkey33.832.1France25.722.6ItalySpainSwitzerland20.417.87Description:In2021,Brazilhad109.4gigawattsofinstalledhydropowercapacity.Chinaretaineditsplaceastheworldleaderintotalhydropowerinstalledcapacity.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):InternationalHydropowerAssociationPrimaryenergyconsumptionintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2020to2022,byfueltype(inexajoules)PrimaryenergyconsumptionintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2020-2022,byfueltypeOilNaturalgasRenewablesNuclearenergyCoalHydroelectricity8.07.06.05.04.03.02.01.00.02020202120228Description:PrimaryenergyconsumptionintheUnitedKingdomamountedtoroughly7.3exajoulesin2022.Overall,oilandnaturalgaswerebyfarthemostconsumedfuelsinthecountry.Bycomparison,consumptionofprimaryenergyfromrenewablesstoodat1.36exajoulesthatyear,upfrom1.24theyearprior.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2020to2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGRenewableenergyconsumptionintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from1998to2022(inexajoules)RenewableenergyconsumptionintheUnitedKingdom1998-20221.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.20.01998

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20229Description:RenewableenergyconsumptionintheUnitedKingdomamountedto1.36exajoulesin2022,anincreaseofovertenpercentincomparisontothepreviousyear.Nevertheless,between1998and2021,renewablesconsumptionintheUKincreasedby1.2exajoules,peakingat1.36exajoulesin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;1998to2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGCHAPTER

02WindpowerInstalledwindpowercapacityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2008to2022(inmegawatts)InstalledwindpowercapacityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2008-202230,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000020082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202211Description:In2022,installedwindpowercapacityintheUnitedKingdomamountedto28,537megawatts.Between2008and2022,thetotalinstalledwindpowercapacityintheUnitedKingdomincreasedaround25.1gigawatts.Europeisoneoftheregionswiththelargestinstalledwindpowercapacityworldwide.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2008to2022Source(s):IRENACumulativeinstalledcapacityofoffshorewindintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2009to2022(inmegawatts)OffshorewindcapacityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2009-202216,00014,00012,00010,0008,00013,92811,25510,3839,8888,1816,9886,0004,5013,6965,29320165,09420154,0002,00002,9951,8381,34120109512009201120122013201420172018201920202021202212Description:Between2009and2022,thecumulativeinstalledcapacityofoffshorewindpowerintheUnitedKingdomrosefrom951megawattstoapeakof13,928megawatts.Bycomparison,onshorewindcapacityreached14,835megawattsin2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2009to2022Source(s):UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyCumulativeinstalledcapacityofonshorewindintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2009to2022(inmegawatts)OnshorewindcapacityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2009-202216,00014,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,00002009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202213Description:Since2009,theinstalledcapacityofonshorewindsitesintheUnitedKingdomhassteadilyincreased.In2022,figuresreachedahighof14,835megawatts.Bycomparison,theoffshorewindcapacityreached13,928megawattsthatyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2009to2022Source(s):UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyOnshorewindenergyusedforthegenerationofelectricityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(in1,000metrictonsofoilequivalent)OnshorewindenergyusedforelectricitygenerationintheUK2010-20223,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,0005000201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202214Description:TheamountofonshorewindenergyusedforelectricitygenerationintheUnitedKingdompresentedatrendofsignificantgrowth,peakingatsome3millionmetrictonsofoilequivalentin2022.In2021,electricitygenerationfromonshorewindamountedtoroughly2.5millionmetrictonsofoilequivalent.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyOffshorewindenergyusedforthegenerationofelectricityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(in1,000metrictonsofoilequivalent)OffshorewindenergyusedforelectricitygenerationintheUK2010-20224,5003,8714,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,0005003,4983,0532,7492,2811,7981,49820151,41120161,15320149866544432630201020112012201320172018201920202021202215Description:OffshorewindenergyusedforelectricitygenerationintheUnitedKingdompresentedatrendofgrowth,peakingatsome3.9millionmetrictonsofoilequivalentin2022.In2021,electricitygenerationfromoffshorewindenergyamountedtoroughly3.1millionmetrictonsofoilequivalent.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyLoadfactorofelectricityfromonshoreandoffshorewindintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(inpercentage)LoadfactorofelectricityfromwindintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-2022OnshoreOffshore50%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202216Description:TheloadfactorforelectricitygenerationfrombothonshoreandoffshorewindintheUnitedKingdomhasfluctuatedsince2010.In2022,theloadfactorofonshorewinddecreasedfromthepreviousyearto27.4percent.Loadfactorsweretypicallylowerforonshorewind.LoadfactorsaretheratioofhowmuchelectricitywasproducedasashareofthetotalgeneratingcapacityReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyNumberofsitesgeneratingelectricityfromwindpowerintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2003to2022NumberofwindenergygeneratingsitesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2003-202212,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,00002003

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202217Description:Asof2022,therewere9,647windpowerplantsintheUnitedKingdom.Figuressawaparticularlystrongyear-on-yeargrowthbetween2008and2014,withthemarkethavingbecomemoresaturatedinrecentyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):2003to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK)CHAPTER

03SolarpowerCumulativeinstalledcapacityofsolarphotovoltaicintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2009to2022(inmegawatts)SolarPVcumulativeinstalledcapacityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2009-202216,00014,00014,65113,91413,55313,34513,05912,76011,91412,0009,60110,0008,0006,0004,0002,00005,52820142,93720131,75420121,00020112795200920102015201620172018201920202021202219Description:Thecumulativeinstalledcapacityofsolarphotovoltaics(PV)intheUnitedKingdomduringthelastdecadehasincreasedmassively,risingfrom95megawattsin2010to14,651megawattsbytheendof2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2009to2022Source(s):UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyGenerationofelectricitythroughsolarphotovoltaicpowerintheUnitedKingdomfrom2004to2022(ingigawatthours)SolarphotovoltaicenergyproductionintheUnitedKingdom2004-202214,00012,00010,00013,28312,66812,50412,41812,07511,45710,3957,5338,0006,0004,0002,00004,0542,0101,3542444811141720402004

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202220Description:In2022,electricityproductionfromsolarPVamountedto13,283gigawatthours.Throughouttheperiodofconsideration,solarPVelectricitygenerationhasseensignificantgrowth,increasingfromjustfourgigawatthoursin2004.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2004to2022Source(s):UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyLoadfactorofelectricityfromsolarphotovoltaicsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(inpercentage)LoadfactorofelectricityfromsolarPVintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010to202212%10%8%6%4%2%0%201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202221Description:TheloadfactorofelectricityfromsolarphotovoltaicsintheUnitedKingdomhasseenanoverallincreasesince2010,amountingto10.6percentin2022.Thiswassignificantlylowerwhencomparedtotheloadfactorsofotherrenewablesources.Thiscanbeexplainedbythelackofconsistencyinthenumberofsunnydaysrecorded.Incomparison,theloadfactorforoffshorewindreachedover40percentthatsameyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyNumberofsitesgeneratingelectricityfromsolarphotovoltaicintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2007to2022NumberofsolarPVenergygeneratingsitesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2007-20221,400,0001,200,0001,000,000800,000600,000400,000200,0000200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202222Description:SolarphotovoltaicsitesintheUnitedKingdomnumbered1,259,511bytheendof2022.Followingcommercialdistributionin2007,installationsboomedbetween2009and2014.Withthemarketbecomingmorecompetitive,installationcostshavefalleninrecentyears.PricesforsmallscalesolarPVsystemsoscillatedbetween1,165and2,000BritishpoundsperkilowattasofMay2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2007to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK)CHAPTER

04HydropowerHydropowercapacityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(inmegawatts)HydropowercapacityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-20226,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,0000201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202224Description:In2022,hydropowercapacityintheUnitedKingdomamountedtonearly4.8gigawatts,thiswasthepeakfromtheperiodinconsideration.Between2010and2022,figurespresentedatrendofcontinuousgrowth,increasingby404megawatts.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):IRENAElectricitygeneratedfromsmallscaleandlargescalehydrointheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(ingigawatthours)ElectricitygenerationfromhydrointheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-2022SmallscaleLargescale6,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,0000201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202225Description:ElectricitygeneratedfromsmallscalehydrosourcesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)hasincreasedoverallintheperiodofconsideration,whilethatoflargescalehydrosourceshasseensomefluctuation.In2022,theUKrecorded1.4terawatthoursworthofelectricityfromsmallhydropowerfacilities.Atthatsametime,largescalehydropowerplantsgeneratedroughly4.2terawatthoursworthofelectricity.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):GOV.UK;UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyLoadfactorofelectricityfromhydropowerintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(inpercentage)LoadfactorofelectricityfromhydropowerintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-2022SmallscalehydroLargescalehydro50%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202226Description:Theloadfactorforelectricitygenerationfrombothsmallscaleandlarge-scalehydropowerinUKhasfluctuatedsince2010.In2022,theloadfactorofsmall-scalehydroincreasedfromthepreviousyearto38.3percent.Loadfactorsweretypicallylowerforlargescalehydro,exceptin2015.Loadfactorsaretheratioofhowmuchelectricitywasproducedasashareofthetotalgeneratingcapacity.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyNumberofsitesgeneratingelectricityfromhydropowerintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2003to2022NumberofhydroenergygeneratingplantsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2003-20221,8001,6001,4001,2001,00080060040020002003

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202227Description:Asof2022,theUnitedKingdomwashometo1,576hydropowerplants.Between2003and2022,thenumberofhydrofacilitiesinthecountryincreasedbymorethanfive-fold.Hydropowerhasbeenasourceofelectricitygenerationsincethelate19thcentury,buthasparticularlygainedinimportancefollowinggrowingawarenessofthenegativeeffectsoffossilfuelburning.WiththeUKgovernmentpledgingtobecomecarbonneutralby2050,hydropowermayhelpreachthatgoal.ReadmoreNote(s):2003to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKCHAPTER

05BiopowerGenerationofelectricityfrombioenergyintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from1990to2022(ingigawatt-hours)BioenergyelectricitygenerationintheUnitedKingdom1990-202245,00040,00035,00030,00025,00020,00040,04739,51537,52635,82035,10131,89430,06629,25722,61918,10014,734201215,00010,0005,000013,313201112,26120109,10220053,88220001,64219955961990201320142015201620172018201920202021202229Description:TheUnitedKingdomgeneratedapproximately596gigawatt-hoursofelectricityderivedfrombioenergysourcesin1990,withfiguresclimbingto35.8gigawatt-hoursby2022.Bioenergyincludeslandfillgas,sewagesludgedigestion,wastecombustion,co-firingwithfossilfuel,animalbiomass,plantbiomass,andanaerobicdigestion.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;1990to2022Source(s):UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyLoadfactorofelectricityfromanimalbiomassintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(inpercentage)LoadfactorofelectricityfromanimalbiomassintheUK2010-202280%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%66.9%66.2%64.8%64.9%63.5%63.4%61.7%58.3%57.3%57%56%54.4%53.2%201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202230Description:TheelectricityloadfactorfromanimalbiomassintheUnitedKingdom(UK)stoodat53.2percentin2022.Thisrepresentsadecreasefromthepreviousyear,andtherecordlowfromtheperiodinconsideration.LoadfactorsaretheratioofhowmuchelectricitywasproducedasashareofthetotalgeneratingcapacityReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyLoadfactorofelectricityfromplantbiomassintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022LoadfactorofelectricityfromplantbiomassintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-2022100%87.3%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%78.5%77.7%70.9%70.6%67.7%67.1%64.6%64.1%60.8%56.9%39.6%27.2%201120102012201320142015201620172018201920202021202231Description:TheelectricityloadfactorfromplantbiomassintheUnitedKingdom(UK)stoodat57percentin2022.Thisrepresentsadecreasefromthepreviousyear.Intheperiodofconsideration,loadfactorofelectricityfromplantbiomassintheUKoscillated,peakingat87percentin2015.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyNumberofsitesgeneratingelectricityfrombioenergyintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2016to2022NumberofbioenergygeneratingplantsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2016-20224,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,0005000201620172018201920202021202232Description:TheutilizationofbioenergyintheUnitedKingdomhasincreasedinrecentyears,reachingapeakof3,530bioenergypowerplantsinoperationin2022.Apartfromelectricitygeneration,bioenergyisalsousedtoproduceheat,fuels,andindustrialproducts.ReadmoreNote(s):2016to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK)CHAPTER

06LandfillandsewagegaspowerElectricitygeneratedfromlandfillgasintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2021(ingigawatthours)ElectricitygenerationfromlandfillgasintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-20216,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,000020102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202134Description:ElectricitygeneratedfromlandfillgasintheUnitedKingdomhasdecreasedintheperiodofconsideration,fallingfromapeakof5,318gigawatthoursin2011.In2021,electricitygeneratedfromthissourceamountedto3,313gigawatthours.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2021Source(s):GOV.UK;UKDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyNumberofsitesgeneratingelectricityfromlandfillgasintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2003to2022NumberoflandfillgasgeneratingsitesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2003-20225004504003503002502001501005002003

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