牛津譯林版（2019）必修 第二冊Unit 4 Exploring literature Grammar and usage 導(dǎo)學(xué)案

B2U4GrammarandUsageModalverbsLearningaims:Bytheendofthisclass,studentswillbeableto:identifyandcategorizetheusageofmodalverbs;summarizegeneralrulesofmodalverbs;distinguishandusetherightmodalverbstofinishtasksofofferingsuggestionsandmakingrules;Step1Lead-inWhatshallIread?Step2ReadingTask1FindthekeyphrasesinpartAonpage481.不止一次2.首先3.特別；尤其4.值得做某事5.瀏覽6.有可能做...7.偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)8.慢慢地9.物色到；挑選出10.更加Task2CompletethemindmapbelowTask3FindsentenceswithmodalverbsandcirclethemTask4FigureouttheusagesofthemodalverbsandfinishthechartinpartAStep3WorkingouttherulesFinishtheblanksonpage48Step4Usagesofthemodalverbs1.can&could1)表能力Shecandance.Shecoulddancewhenshewasachild.（過去的能力）2)表征求意見Can/Couldyoustopchasingme?3)表猜測，can表猜測多用于否定和疑問--Ohmygod!Canitbetrue?--Itcan’tbetrue.2.may/might1)表示許可,請求，作"可以"解釋MayItakephotoshere?2)表示猜測,作“可能,也許”解釋Theymay/mightberelatives.（might可能性更小）3)表示愿望，祝愿Mayyousmileallthetime.4)常用詞組積累may/mightaswelldosth.不妨做某事Youmay/mightaswelldotheexperimentagain3.must1)表示必須，應(yīng)該Imusttakecareofmyhairstyle.2)mustn’t表示禁止，不允許Youmustn’tbullyyourbrother.3)表示“一定是”,用于肯定猜測,mustdo/bedoing肯定做某事/正在做某事musthavedone肯定做過某事(完成)Hemusthaveseentheanswer.4.will&would1)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作（habit），will表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，would表示過去的習(xí)慣。如：Marywilllistentomusicforhoursinherroom.IwouldtakeawalkaftersupperwhenIwasyoung.2)表示意愿（willingness）。如：Thebabywon’tgotosleep.3)表示請求（request），would比will更委婉些Wouldyougivemesomeadvice?5.should1).表責(zé)任或義務(wù)，應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)Youshouldcompleteyourtestintime.2).表較大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的猜測，推斷，意為“可能，應(yīng)該”Thestreetshouldbecrowedatweekends.3).表萬一ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Iwillcome4).表意外，“竟然，居然”Agentlemanlikehimshouldberudetoalady.6.oughtto表義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”（因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做），語氣比should稍重。Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.Yououghtn’ttosmokesomuch.

7.shall1)用于第一、第三人稱的疑問句中，表征詢意見或請求允許，多與I或we連用。Whatshallwedothisweekend?Whenshallmybrotherbeabletoleavehospital?2)用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。Heshallbepunished.(威脅)Youshallgowithme.(命令)Youshallhaveanewdressforyourbirthday.(允諾)3)常用于主語是第三人稱的條約、法律法規(guī)、規(guī)章制度等文件中表“義務(wù)”或“規(guī)定”。Everystudentshallwearschooluniformatschool.8.need&dare1）need和dare可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，表示“需要，有必要”，無人稱和數(shù)的變化，多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。Idarenotwalkthroughthewoodsatnight.Youneedn’tgotherenow.NeedIhandinthepapernow?2）作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，同其他實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣，可用于各種句式，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時(shí)要借助于助動(dòng)詞。在否定句和疑問句中不定式符號to也可以省略。Youdon’tneedtobesoworried.Youneedtobemorecareful.Theydon’tdare(to)makeasoundwhiletheirparentsaresleeping.Step5modalverbs+havedone1.musthavedone表示對過去行為的推測,意為“一定,想必做過”,語氣十分肯定Itmusthaverainedlastnight,asthegroundiswet.2.couldhavedone在肯定句中是虛擬語氣表示“本來能做但卻沒做”couldn’thavedone多用于語氣強(qiáng)烈的否定,意為“過去不可能做過”Don’tworry.Theycouldhavejustforgottentocall.IsawMr.Lijustnow.Hecouldn’thavegonetoBeijing.3.may/mighthavedone表示對過去行為的推測,意為“可能做過”,might所表示可能性較弱Smithmighthavegonetoseethemovieyesterday.4.should/oughttohavedone本該做某事而實(shí)際上未做，shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone不該做某事反而做了Youshouldhavemadefullpreparations.Youshouldn'thavebulliedyourbrother5.needn’thavedone表示對過去的虛擬意為“本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了”Iactuallyneedn’thaveboughtsomuchfood—onlythreepeoplecame.6.hadbetterhavedone用于事后的建議,含輕微責(zé)備的口吻,意為“當(dāng)時(shí)最