SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座

Chapter31Subordination(I)SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第1頁(yè)Teachingcontents1.Coordinationandsubordination2.Subordinateclauses(finite)NominalclausesRelativeclausesAdverbialclauses3.SomefewnotesonadverbialclausesSubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第2頁(yè)并列和隸屬是兩種不一樣連接伎倆。eg.Therainstopped.Thesuncameout.→Therainstoppedandthesuncameout.→Whentherainstopped,thesuncameout.從句主句隸屬：把次要思想置于結(jié)構(gòu)上隸屬地位，從而突出句子主要思想。1.CoordinationandsubordinationSubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第3頁(yè)Subordinators隸屬連詞Subordinateclausesaregenerallyintroducedbysubordinators,which,intermsofwordformation構(gòu)詞法,canbeclassifiedinto.simplesubordinators,簡(jiǎn)單隸屬連詞complexsubordinators,復(fù)雜隸屬連詞correlativesubordinators,關(guān)聯(lián)隸屬連詞marginalsubordinators.邊際隸屬連詞SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第4頁(yè)afteralthoughbecausebeforedirectlyforifimmediatelylestlikesincethatthoughtillunlessuntilwhen(ever)where(ver)whereuponwhilewhilst,etcAlsoknownasone-wordsubordinatorsSimplesubordinator簡(jiǎn)單隸屬連詞SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第5頁(yè)Alsoknownas“multi-wordsubordinators”Someoftheseendin“that”assumingthatbutthatconsidering(that)except(that)excepting(that)forall(that)given(that)granted(that)granting(that)inthatinorderthatinsofarthatintheeventthatnow(that)provided(that)providing(that)savethatseeing(that)so(that)suchthatsupposing(that)Complexsubordinators復(fù)雜隸屬連詞SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第6頁(yè)Complexsubordinators復(fù)雜隸屬連詞Someoftheseendin“as”accordingasasfarasaslongasassoonasforasmuchasinasmuchasinsofarasinsomuchasOthersinclude:asifincaseasthoughSubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第7頁(yè)Correlativesubordinators關(guān)聯(lián)隸屬連詞Subordinatorsofthisgrouparecomposedoftwocorrelativewordsas…asas…sonotso…assuch…asthe…the,etcbarely/hardly/scarcely…whenmore/(-er)/less…thannosooner…thanwhether…orSubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第8頁(yè)Marginalsubordinators邊際隸屬連詞

freelexicalcombinations. Thisgroupissometimeshardtodistinguishfromcomplexsubordinators.evenififonlyjustasonlyifeverytime(that)theinstant(that)themoment(that)duetothefactthatinthesensethatforthereasonthatbyreasonthatforfear(that)inspiteofthefactthatinthelightofthefactthatonaccountofthefactthatonthegroundsthatregardlessofthefactthatSubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第9頁(yè)2.Subordinateclauses(finite)

限定隸屬?gòu)木銼tructurally,subordinateclausesmaybefinite,non-finite,orverbless.Afinitesubordinateclauseisonewhosepredicatorisafiniteverbphrase.Nominalclauses(名詞性分句，主/賓/補(bǔ)/同位)Relativeclauses(關(guān)系分句，定語(yǔ)從句)Adverbialclauses(狀語(yǔ)分句，狀語(yǔ))SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第10頁(yè)Nominalclauses名詞性分句Alsoknownas“nounclauses”ItcanperformmostfunctionsofNPsUsuallyintroducedby“that”orbyawh-wordsuchaswho,what,which,where,when,how,why,etc.Nominalclausescanfunctionas

subject,object,subjectcomplement,appositive(同位語(yǔ)),andprepositionalcomplementation(介詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ))SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第11頁(yè)Nominalclauses名詞性分句Itisquiteclearthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately.Ican’timagine

whatmadehimbehavelikethat.Themysteryiswhetherheeverwentthereatall.

Myoriginalquestion,whyhediditatall,hasnotyetbeenanswered.Youmustgiveitbacktowhoeveritbelongs.

(subject)(object)(subjectcomplement)(appositive)(prepositionalphrase)SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第12頁(yè)主語(yǔ)從句thesubjectclause你所說(shuō)話是正確。Whatyousaidisquitetrue.我們?cè)谑裁吹胤阶鲞@個(gè)試驗(yàn)還在討論。Whereweshalldothetestisstillunderdiscussion.大家對(duì)他怎樣完成這項(xiàng)工作都很感興趣。Howhemanagedtofinishthejobisofinteresttousall.為何早晨太陽(yáng)看上去比中午太陽(yáng)大，這事很有趣。Whythesuninthemorninglooksbiggerthanthesunatnoonisveryinteresting.SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第13頁(yè)FixedPatternsofSubjectClauseSubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第14頁(yè)FixedPatternsofSubjectClauseSubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第15頁(yè)FixedPatternsofSubjectClauseSubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第16頁(yè)表語(yǔ)從句thepredicativeclause這就是她昨天請(qǐng)假原因。Thatiswhyshehadaday-offyesterday.問(wèn)題在于我們能不能在明天晚上以前完成這項(xiàng)工作。Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishourworkbytomorrowevening.看起來(lái)天要下雪。Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.事物并不總是如其表象。Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第17頁(yè)賓語(yǔ)從句theobjectclause我知道他很友好而且好客。Iknowthatheisfriendlyandhospitable.我問(wèn)他是否確信知道自己在做什么？Iaskedhimifheissurewhatheisdoing?歷史語(yǔ)言學(xué)家研究語(yǔ)言是怎樣伴隨時(shí)間推移而發(fā)展。Historicallinguistsstudyhowlanguagesevolveovertime.SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第18頁(yè)賓語(yǔ)從句theobjectclauseSubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第19頁(yè)同位語(yǔ)從句theappositiveclause簽署了協(xié)議這件事本身很主要。Thefact

thatthecontractwassignedwasimportant.我不相信他殺了他女兒謠言。Idon’tbelievetherumor

thathehaskilledhisdaughter.我們聽(tīng)到我們中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員贏得了許多金牌消息非常激動(dòng)。Wewereveryexcitedatthenews

thatourChineseathleteswonmanygoldmedals.SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第20頁(yè)同位語(yǔ)從句theappositiveclause

or定語(yǔ)從句theobjectclause對(duì)約翰昨天告訴消息我倆都不感興趣。NeitherofusshowedanyinterestinthenewsthatJohntoldusyesterday.聽(tīng)到暑假將要在大連度過(guò)消息，我們非常高興。WearedelightedatthenewsthatwearegoingtospendoursummervacationinDalian.SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第21頁(yè)狀語(yǔ)從句Adverbialclauses1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；(adverbialclauseoftime)2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句；(adverbialclauseofplace)3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句；(adverbialclauseofcause)4.條件狀語(yǔ)從句；(adverbialclauseofcondition)5.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；(adverbialclauseofconcession)6.目標(biāo)狀語(yǔ)從句；(adverbialclauseofpurpose)7.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。(adverbialclauseofresult)8.方式狀語(yǔ)從句；(adverbialclauseofmanner)SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第22頁(yè)1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

(adverbialclauseoftime)

notuntil,assoonas,themoment(that)等我做完作業(yè)我才和你一起去。Iwon’tgowithyouuntil

Ifinishmyhomework.我們一到家，電話就響了。Assoonaswegothome,thetelephonerang.我一看見(jiàn)她就立刻認(rèn)出她來(lái)了。IrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.她一來(lái)到我就要見(jiàn)她。Iwanttoseeherthemomentthatshearrives.SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第23頁(yè)1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

(adverbialclauseoftime)

directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when老師一進(jìn)來(lái)，大家就靜了下來(lái)。Directlytheteachercameineveryonewasquiet.他剛到機(jī)場(chǎng)，飛機(jī)就起飛了。Hardlyhadhereachedtheairportwhentheplanetookoff.這些話剛一出口，他就意識(shí)到自己原來(lái)應(yīng)該保持緘默。Nosoonerhadthewordsbeenspokenthanherealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第24頁(yè)2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

(adverbialclauseofplace)Where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere有志者事竟成。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.這些天你能夠去你想去地方。Youcangowhereveryoulikethesedays.他們每到一處，都受到熱烈歡迎。Everywheretheywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.你喜歡哪兒我就帶你去哪兒。I’lltakeyouanywhereyoulike.SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第25頁(yè)3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句；(adverbialclauseofcause)

nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat你駕駛考試既已及格，就能夠獨(dú)自開(kāi)車(chē)了。Nowthatyou’vepassedyourtest,youcandriveonyourown.因?yàn)樘鞖獠缓?，我們要呆在家里了。Seeingthattheweatherisbad,we’llstayathome.考慮到他只學(xué)了一年，他英文講得相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)了。Consideringthathe’sonlybeenlearningEnglishayear,hespeaksitverywell.廣告不一樣于其它交際形式，因?yàn)榈菑V告人要為其所提供信息付費(fèi)。Advertisementisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthat

the

advertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第26頁(yè)4.條件狀語(yǔ)從句

(adverbialclauseofcondition)假如我能存下足夠錢(qián)，我就買(mǎi)臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。I’llbuyacomputerifIamabletosaveupenoughmoney.除非天氣不好，我父親晚上總是去散步。Unlesstheweatherwasbad,myfatheralwaysusedtotakeawalkintheevening.假如你有一百萬(wàn)英鎊---你怎么花呢？Supposeyouhadamillionpounds–howwouldyouspendit?假如你為我負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用，我就同意去。Iwillagreetogoprovidingthatmyexpensesarepaid.SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第27頁(yè)5.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；

(adverbialclauseofconcession)他們即使沒(méi)有得到官方支持，但仍繼續(xù)奮斗。Thoughtheylackofficialsupport,theycontinuetheirstruggle.即使我再次失敗，我也絕不會(huì)放棄試驗(yàn)。EvenifIfailedagain,Iwillnotgiveuptheexperiment.盡管她有時(shí)很惱人，但我還是喜歡她。Ilikehereventhoughshecanbeannoying.SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第28頁(yè)5.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；

(adverbialclauseofconcession)SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第29頁(yè)5.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；

(adverbialclauseofconcession)SubordinationI語(yǔ)法教程章振邦上外專(zhuān)家講座第30頁(yè)6.目標(biāo)