2023年高考遼寧卷化學(xué)理綜試題試卷歷年試題及答案

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3

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m

A

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DZn

A.AB.BC.CD.D

14.KO?^T#ftè!l^li?^?(glD-

W??ftOSW(S2).TW&fêi￡iW

72.5

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2+

C.S2^W^?>jLiMg2OClsBr,_xD.MgWWW]fLfO

12+2+

15.H2SM,BPC(H2S)=0.lmol?L’,JfijéiOPHfêNiCd

faM+pHc^HS\S2\Ni2+ffCd2+fiW?,W>Jmol-L-'o

B^llKsp(NiS)>Ksp(CdS),TJm&lEfàW^

4

20

2345678

PH

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A.Ksp(CdS)=10“'

-81147

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^55^0

16.(Ni2\CO2\Fe2\Fe3\Mg2+Mn2+)°

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i?èf?

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K.10-37410-U.7io-147lO-'os

0^T?!llW:

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12+

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(H2SO5|$I^J|-^￡,??<J^^MnO2>(±Mft^)<,

5

W(II)WWfifêjm.SO,W^H?Mn

(II)Mft?ftt;^it*SO2?W?W,

100

80-

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60-o0.0%

D0.8%

40-△2.0%

O9.0%

2

20-o16.0%

0

204060

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(5)WmCo(IloJfeM?McCoO(OH),?iWmft_____

(6)Mg2d/U?7c￡(25°C),Wfê$iJpH?(HHK0.1)?

i:

17.2—WL^(Mr=128)^rAifiifèmWH:f?WWfi^t’l'0]^,

I.HJIJW?[n]^M'ldJIIà300mL;?d^Afli4.60g^^^,?MX￡/s,MMII'h

WM.

II.MSIO’C,Jnà25mL?,Ht?WWA?

III.MS-10oC,a&30min.

IV.zKW?-KMèia,iraà70mL/K.W30min;inW^pHS4~6,^&&2h,W;ffl/K?

V.^^?fà<mmnA?7KMgSO4,?,i?fê,x>miOiT^W,

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6

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li

(3)II

(4)__________________________________________________________________________

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18.

ci)—“^^BH(cuso4-5H2o)?uFg^s”.mwwf,

CuSO4-5H2OTG1WM)&DSCFiarrz5o700”C

(2)M￡f?fflT^W^$iJ&W76%lUT),±S&fanT:

NO2+SO2+H2ONO+H2SO4

2NO+O2=2NO2

(i)_hèmB4>NO2a<j^ffl>j

(ii(WIW￡W).

(3)S02i$mMflS:

SO2(g)+\02(g)?SO3(g)A//=-98.9kJmor'

7

&￡/°C

3.iini/è/t?l’u>Jx/'y.iiii^''-?è^\

b.a=0.88^[ft^Ra￥ffiH;W

c.ai??àz,

d.OSWfi?

300350400450500550

■m/°c

(iii)iSChtfjYW^HK^Jp,SO2lK￥WW4t*^Jcterffl'a’pW?e

Kp=________

19.M+lWW-ê-^^T?

8

?BnflCH:_

OR,

2+R,NH2

----*?)=N-R3(R,7vgS,R,.R3>jféS-sgH)

K|K?K/

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(2)c￡￡gHfoKW,(±?^W)o

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3.

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f?S?Na2SO3W4t,CW;

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A?

5.S+2KNO3+3C=K2S+N,T+3CO2??

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12

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13

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&W,Y^gO,W.YgMtMfZ,Zj/gF,Y/MW^^it

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D.TOO+L^QZlWr??f?1?.DjEta;

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NajCOi+O,

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t￡c

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C.■m?4ICr7ü?^3?^#?^^CrO;-D.

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15

LUCr7ü?±g##W^CrO*-,CJM;

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H.

------|HlfeKiff|------1

pd/pdsoJn------■------L-*fl.?

I*II

Fe/Fe‘

H>SO4(aq).H:SO4(aq)|

A.èfcfèB?ftWjftM'J'

B.

C.WffcftlH+MJ&JIWfà?fJ

3+2+

D.^ife^SjS:Pb+SO“-+2Fe=PbSO4+2Fe

[^1B

[Ml

(WJPb^j?,PbSO4,üJimLM

toim,jEtM±Fe3+mT$ett^Fe2+,Fe3+,

PbSO4ffetOPW,PbSO4Pb?.

[wiA.jftEfejfms-tPbMPbso4

A?ti^;

B.Ma^Wtk,BM;

In?ffl,C^;

2+23+

D.MW,^>SjS^PbSO4+2Fe=Pb+SO’+2Fe,D^;

B?

12.?KMnO4M-^H2C2O4^^,Mn(H)?ü^Wffl,

IW^-a-MnMJWMlW

16

Mn(VU)

Mn(IV)

Mn(lll)

Mn(Il)

B.Jx/S?WiOM<b

C.Mn(II)*IIMn(Vllffiê^t?

2+

D..&S/SA:2MnO4+5C2O^+16H‘=2Mn+1()CO2T+8H2O

r^Mlc

[Or!

[ftfflffMlIffi13minW)BSWlWjWMn(VII)f??M<hiè^J0,Mn(III)

iWIT?SMii?A{è.éè-ê-m,Mn(III),Mn(IV)

JéMn(IV)Mfé;13minJn)f?tlffifiWMn(III)?M>,Mn(II)f?M

(WJA.èSm&,ffiWl'B]W^Mn(llI)6<]M?it^^dsWJF#L&1S￡J￡

Mn(III),JHMn(III)?fé&r?cMn(Il),Mn(III)OUtH2C2O4,AlWi￡;

B.13min^JffèMMn(II),,

13minBJWi￡;

C.èSWftl,Mn(VII)|&f?a^0j5^JF#?/￡Mn(II),Mn(II)fllMn(VII)^

^MW-,C^jE??ft;

D.H2C2O4?.?&-?g?ü&?S.JS>J2MnO;

+2+

+5H2C2O4+6H=2Mn+10CO2?+8H2O,D

Ole.

13.10mL^WK4'inA0.4gI2,Minà0.2g

'MO?feW;Wfe.B&?(aq)^fêê,

??

17

A

Bi2+r.ij

a

CI2(Q)W$Wftf?'MWYWI2(s).I2(aq)

D’M?Oi'feZn5Wm^￡&TfiW?

A.AB.BC.CD.D

D

iim

[WJA.1?Ji0mLM?rl'inà0.4gi2,h?!i?/h.

ISAh?zK+MWSSdsAJ&?fà;

B.?^llI3(aq)A^feJJDA0.2gWJé.Zn-5hJSlSMZnh,MfWI5h^MlSI+I2#

Ij,Y'J?IjB;

C.h?èzk+W.WY-WI2(s)#l2(aq),Zn-èjhlxt?M1-5h(aq)RtàMIj,b(aq)^

Wt?YWiMCMüfê;

D.ftOffl&IZnMM,D?

14.1),ffl

2)?T?iJO;^W￡

-0—

OXrZO

——l------*-------1l----0----

T?T?-9OClWcBr

apm

?*910ci9QO0

X0’X00X00

_±—IZ_—,------1/.UL2—0—_/.Li

Si?2

72.5

3r

A.g1tfB^&'JSAKI3in-30g-cnrB.g]1|i0IMTf?BOft6

NAxaxlO

2++

C.?2?WltMALiMg2OClxBr1_xD.MgHm^4WSf?WJYLi

c

18

(?]A.S1éfifFafl?+'a-Li:8x-+l=3,O:2x1=1,Cl:4x1=1,1

424

3x7+16+35.572.5

1BBUê?ùJ^fi11g=g,HBfl??ù'f4':^R^7(axlO'locm)3=a3xlO'3Ocm3,PüJBB'^

72.572.5

33o33

?üO~T—g-Kax1O'cm)=,wg/cm,AJ’jJilE?iffl;

INli2\Clxx1\)

B.ShW.Oêffe,OLiOJFi-T-WRdlè^^6,BJ^jE

?fà;

c.M±W&.?24>Li:1,Mgn￡3^O8x1=2,O:2x1=1,ClBr:4x1=1,

424

Mgf?Wf2,WWWSfl&O,ffl2LiMgOClxBn-x,CW

i+:

D.&0Ji

é^èW^JTLiWW-,DI^iE??ft;

12+

15.HPc(H2S)=0.1molL-,Bi?iOPHf?Ni

^Cd2+7￡j￡^OllW&,?M+pH^-Igc^MJmTSF/RK,OHS\S2\Ni2+W

2+1

Cd?W/t,W?7mol?L’?BfcllKsp(NiS)>Ksp(CdS),T?!l

184

A.Ksp(CdS)=l(TB.@^pH^-lgc(HS-)^M?

81147

C.Kal(H2S)=10-D.Ka2(H2S)=10

[?]D

rmiri

12

[WlB￡-nH2SWU?O1?pH?W1;,H2Ss-

19

M?*,pli]<-lgc(HS-)ff-lg(S2-)^?pHMRpHffim.HS-^?±

222+2+

fS',BP-lgc(HS)/b^-lg(S-),Mi]Ni^UCdM?'h,fiKsp(NiS)>Ksp(CdS)Bp

3c(S2-)ffi|W|0t,c(Ni2+)>c(Cd2+),5JlJ-lgc(Ni2+)^-lg(Cd2+)|B*pHffUffiM.fi<-lgc(Ni2+)

2+222

<b^-ig(cd),éiW$niai^?fWcd\?ft?Ni\?ft^s-,@R^HS-,WI/ZHJT

(WJA.tt^?R?Cd2\?W’,1W

2+2132+2131326

c(Cd)=c(S)=10mol/L,MWKsp(CdS)=c(CJ)c(S’)=10x10=10’,A

B.??gpH±a-lgc(S2“)a<J^lft^,B^ix;

C.èWW,jltll'lc(H+)=l()l6mol/LH'1]',

C(H+)C(//S~)nr'^xiO"6’5

6571+42

c(HS)=10-mol/L,K.(H0S)==—-------—----=10’c(H)=10

ALV2

’C(H2S)0.1

cH+cHS”10^2x10-39

mol/LItf,c(HS)=10-39mol/L,K.(H,S)=-^—-------——=10’71,C?t

alV2

’c(H?S)0.1

r.C(H+)C(HS)c(H+)c(S2-)C2(H+)C(S2)

D.vBKaiKaz=-----------------x-----------------=------------------

c(H,S)c(HS)c(H,S)

c(H+)=10‘49mol/Lfrf,c(S2-)=10l3mol/L,c(H+)=10-68mol/LBt,c(S2)=10-92mol/L,AJ(

13292

Ka.K^^<2.dO-r-xW=(10-)xlQ-^.2L8)

C(H2S)0.10.1

7l147

Ka1=10-f?WKa2(H2S)=10-',DjE?fê;

D?

16.(Ni2+>Co2+>Fe2\Fe\Mg2+

Mn2t)???^WlêliBCo

(SO2+$^)NaOHNaOH

B^ll:

20

Fe(?),CO(OH)2Ni(OH)2Mg(OH),

7

Ksp10-37410-u-10147IQ-'O.?

0^1

￡c

(2)“?ft”4>,7ld^?^B^Ta<lffiMfflT/^AWM{ttta<ja-Wfê(H2SO5)I

lmolH2SO5il%j.

2+

(3)?mpH=4,Mn?H2SO5M^MnO2,

O??A(H2SO5|ftfc^-^￡,?^^MnO2>(?

(4)‘W^miSàilW.Mn(II)<WWlW￡M$nT.SO2ft?

A0t,Mn(Iim?ftA;?it*SO2Ws^m.MndimWd'W

100

o80

?xxsoW^

M-2

xi60o0.0%

n

M0.8%

=40△2.0%

O9.0%

o16.0%

0

0204060

Bt|B]/min

(5)co(iiimw?wcooioH),

(6)Mg2+?Li?^±(25°C),pHMT(W0.1)o

2+2+

(2)NA(3)?.H2O+Mn+HSO:=MnO2+SO+3H(g).Fe(OH)3

(4)?.9.0%?.SO?OHè.MMn(II)M4t

(5)4CO(OH)2+O2=4COO(OH)+2H2O

21

(6)11.1

[MtJrl

[#Fr1?“M{t”,7?￡na&JS$TMft;JHT￡-A<?ft<￡tta<Jil-M&

2+

(H2SO5),ffl???LiJOpH=4,MnH2SO5MMnO2,

2+2+

H2O+Mn+HSO5=MnO2+SO+3H,Fe^KMlWéfeJ&aMW,‘WW>

2+

CO'￡?3CO(OH)2,WMftrêCoO(OH).

[<hIRI1]

[^|n32i￥W]

O

(H2SO5)^^W3o=s—O-O-H-imoiH2so5NA

?-H

['bH3O?1

2+

ffl^?LUiT>pH=4,Mn^H2SO5ft^MnO2,?fiügfm?:

2+2+174

H2O+Mn+