非常齊全又講解細(xì)致的英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)翻譯省公開(kāi)課金獎(jiǎng)全國(guó)賽課一等獎(jiǎng)微課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

TheTranslationofIdioms成語(yǔ)翻譯武飛胡平陳安梅1/34Whatisaidiom?Idiomsarewords,phrases,orexpressionsthatcannotbetakenliterally.Inotherwords,whenusedineverydaylanguage,theyhaveameaningotherthanthebasiconeyouwouldfindinthedictionary.Everylanguagehasitsownidioms.

2/34IdiomssetphrasesProverbsSayingsEpigramsslangexpressionsColloquialismsquotations固定短語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)名言，格言警句俚語(yǔ)俗語(yǔ)引語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)錄3/34BackgroundinformationIdiomsculture

1.Differencesofcomparison(比喻)中國(guó)人常慣用成語(yǔ)“雨后春筍”來(lái)形容普通事物快速發(fā)展和大量涌現(xiàn)。英語(yǔ)則用justlikemushroom(如同蘑菇一樣眾多)來(lái)形容一樣意思。竹子不是英國(guó)土生土長(zhǎng)植物，甚至連bamboo(竹)這個(gè)詞也是引進(jìn)外來(lái)語(yǔ)。所以，英國(guó)人不可能以竹筍作成語(yǔ)形象來(lái)比喻。4/34E.g.Killthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs.殺雞取蛋。Lookforaneedleinahaystack.大海撈針。Likearatinahole.甕中之鱉。Nosmokewithoutfire.無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪。Agoodconscienceisasoftpillow.日間不做虧心事，夜半敲門(mén)心不驚。Neitherfishnorfowl.非驢非馬。5/342.Differencesofcustom(風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣)狗對(duì)于英國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，既能夠用來(lái)看門(mén)或打獵，也可視作人伴侶和愛(ài)物。所以英國(guó)人對(duì)狗普通有好感，慣用來(lái)比喻人生活。E.g.：dogone’ssteps跟某人走luckydog幸運(yùn)兒Loveme,lovemydog.愛(ài)屋及烏。Everydoghashisday.凡人皆有得意日子。不過(guò)，dog受外來(lái)文化影響，有時(shí)也含有貶義。比如：Heisinthedoghouse.他名聲掃地了。Hewasabitofadoginhisyoungerdays.他年輕時(shí)過(guò)著花天酒地生活。6/34中國(guó)民間即使有養(yǎng)狗習(xí)慣，但普通在心理上卻厭惡藐視這種動(dòng)物，慣用來(lái)形容和比喻壞人壞事。E.g.：狗膽包天monstrousaudacity狗急跳墻。Acorneredbeastwilldosomethingdesperate.狗嘴里吐不出象牙。Afilthymouthcan’tutterdecentlanguage.7/34直譯Literaltranslation意譯freetranslation套譯equivalenttranslationMeansoftranslationoftheidioms8/341.Literaltranslation直譯法指在不違反譯文語(yǔ)言規(guī)范以及不引發(fā)錯(cuò)誤聯(lián)想條件下，在譯文中保留英語(yǔ)比喻、形象和民族及地方色彩方法。比如：showone’scards攤牌armedtotheteeth武裝到牙齒awolfinsheep’sclothing披著羊皮狼Bloodisthickerthanwater.血濃于水。Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滾石不生苔。Helaughsbestwholaughslast.誰(shuí)笑在最終，誰(shuí)笑得最好。9/34I.Literaltranslationstrikewhiletheironishotflowingpastinanendlessstreamtoservelikeadogorahorseaseasyasturningoverone’shandtorackone’sbrainwallshaveearsthestyleisthemancastleintheair趁熱打鐵川流不息犬馬之勞易如反掌絞盡腦汁隔墻有耳文如其人空中樓閣10/34I.Literaltranslationopenthedoortoadangerousfoeaboveaveragebeshamedintoangermisfortunesnevercomesingleaheartofstonefightagainstone’sownmenknowlikethebackofone’shandone’shairstandonend引狼入室出類(lèi)拔萃惱羞成怒禍不單行鐵石心腸同室操戈了如指掌毛骨悚然11/342.Freetranslation在不可能或沒(méi)有必要用直譯法保留英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)表示形式，而且也找不到對(duì)應(yīng)漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)以套用時(shí)，就能夠配合上下文進(jìn)行意譯，以確保原作思想內(nèi)容完整性。E.G.：abedofroses安樂(lè)窩playagoodgame手法高明atallhazards孤注一擲carryone’sheadhigh趾高氣揚(yáng)raincatsanddogs下傾盆大雨playone’slastcard采取最終伎倆Don’tcrossthebridgetillyougettoit.無(wú)須擔(dān)心過(guò)早。12/346.Keepadogandbarkoneself.家有傭人而自己干活；做自己下屬應(yīng)做工作。7.Oneman’smeatisanotherman’spoison.對(duì)甲有利未必對(duì)乙也有利。8.Letsleepingdogslie.勿惹麻煩。9.Letthingsslide.順其自然。10.Lieshaveshortlegs.謊言是站不住腳。13/343.EquivalenttranslationEquivalencecanbesaidtobethecentralissueintranslationalthoughitsdefinition,relevance,andapplicabilitywithinthefieldoftranslationtheoryhavecausedheatedcontroversy,andmanydifferenttheoriesoftheconceptofequivalencehavebeenelaboratedwithinthisfieldinthepastfiftyyears.套譯就是直接用漢語(yǔ)中一些相對(duì)應(yīng)習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)。在很多情況下，英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)在漢語(yǔ)中都能夠找到在形象上、意義上和文化內(nèi)涵上都對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)等語(yǔ)。這種方法是最理想譯法。14/34II.

套譯法makenofigurekeepone’snosecleanmeettroublehalfwaywhat’sdoneisdonelookforaneedleinabundleofhaymakeamountainoutofamolehillneitherfishnorfowlfishintheairbeyondcure深藏不露明哲保身杞人憂天木已成舟大海撈針小題大做不倫不類(lèi)水中撈月不可救藥15/34II.

套譯法liveunderone’sroofmakesomeoneturninhisgraveputsomeoneinsb’sshoestospendmoneylikewatertheexperiencedknowstheropestoshowone’struecolorstosetthewolftokeepthesheepamouththatpraisesandahandthatkillsaddinsulttoinjury寄人籬下死不瞑目設(shè)身處地?fù)]金似土老馬識(shí)途原形畢露引狼入室口蜜腹劍落井下石16/34EnglishProverbI.直譯法1.Thereisnorosewithoutathorn.

沒(méi)有不帶刺玫瑰。2.Anolddogwilllearnnonewtricks.

老狗學(xué)不出新花樣。3.Agooddogdeservesagoodbone.

好狗應(yīng)該得好骨頭。4.Badworkmenoftenblametheirtools.

拙匠常怪工具差。5.It’salonglanethathasnoturning.

路必有彎。17/34EnglishProverb6.Hewholaughsatcrookedmenshouldneedwalkverystraight.

笑他人駝背人得自己首先把身子挺直。7.Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.

一燕不成夏。8.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.

無(wú)火不起煙。9.Toomanycooksspoilthebroth.

廚子多了煮壞湯。10.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.

雙鳥(niǎo)在林不如一鳥(niǎo)在手。18/34EnglishProverbII.意譯法1.Illnewscomesapace.

好事不出門(mén)，壞事傳千里。2.Hewhokeepscompanywiththewolfwilllearntohowl.

近朱者赤，近墨者黑。3.Greatmindsthinkalike.

英雄所見(jiàn)略同。4.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

有志者事竟成。19/34EnglishProverb5.Destructionpursuesthegreat.

樹(shù)大招風(fēng)6.Hewhoknowsmostspeaksleast.

大智若愚7.Putthecartbeforethehorse.

本末倒置8.Cursescomehometoroost.

害人害己9.Abadconscienceisasnakeinone’sheart.

做賊心虛

20/34EnglishProverb10.Likecureslike.

以毒攻毒11.Intimeofpeaceprepareforwar.

居安思危12.Poormen’swordshavelittleweight.

人微言輕13.Creepbeforeyouwalk.

循序漸進(jìn)14.Thereismanyaslipbetweencupandthelip.

沒(méi)有絕對(duì)把握事。//事情經(jīng)常節(jié)外生枝。

21/34EnglishProverb15.Absencemakestheheartgrowfonder.

久別勝新婚。16.Thetailormakestheman.

人靠衣裝，佛靠金裝。17.Morehandsmakelightwork.

眾人拾柴火焰高。18.Carekillsacat.

憂能傷身。19.Emptyvesselsmakethemostnoise.

無(wú)知人愛(ài)自吹。22/34EnglishProverb20.Youcan’tmakecrabwalkstraight.

江山易改，本性難移。21.Agoodconscienceisasoftpillow.

不做虧心事，不怕鬼敲門(mén)。22.Awordspokenispastrecalling.

君子一言，駟馬難追。23.Whatyouloseontheswingsyougetbackontheroundabouts.

失之東隅，收之桑榆。24.Greatoaksfromlittleacornsgrow.

千里之行，始于足下。23/34FalsefriendBreakalegLiteralmeaning:Icommandyoutobreakaboneinyourlegandyoushouldprobablygotothedoctorafterwardstogetitfixed.Idiomaticmeaning:Doyourbestanddowell.Often,actorstelleachotherto“breakaleg”beforetheygooutonstagetoperform.24/341能夠直譯成語(yǔ)中國(guó)文學(xué)和政論作品中大量使用了一些非常形象比喻成語(yǔ)。其比喻本體和喻體有著很強(qiáng)關(guān)聯(lián)性。其中一些與英語(yǔ)說(shuō)法沒(méi)有很大文化差異和障礙。這類(lèi)成語(yǔ)能夠字面直譯。25/34引狼入室直譯：tobringthewolvesintothehouse/fold(羊圈)意譯：toinvitedisasters“……是些什么人呢？干這引狼入室勾當(dāng)！”“…Whoevertheyare,theyarelettingthewolfintothefold!”26/34如坐針氈直譯：tofeelasifsittingonacushionfilledwithneedles意譯：tofeelterriblyuneasy套譯：onpinsandneedles

且說(shuō)林沖在柴大官人東莊上，聽(tīng)得這話，如坐針氈。LinChong,however,wasintheeastvillageoftheLordChaiandwhenheheardallthetalkofhim,itwasasthoughhesatonacushionfilledwithneedles.27/34調(diào)虎離山直譯：tolurethetigeroutofthehills意譯：toluretheenemyfromhisbase“……我中了他調(diào)虎離山計(jì)啦！”“…I’vefallenforhisluringthetigeroutofthehillsscheme!”28/34StoriesofidiomsGivealickandapromise敷衍搪塞英國(guó)民間傳說(shuō)。最少兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以前有一只貓，它臉經(jīng)常臟很，每當(dāng)別貓要它洗臉時(shí)，它就用舌頭很快添一下，然后說(shuō)確保下次一定添潔凈，但實(shí)際上總是敷衍了事。如：youdidn’twashyour