九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)全冊(cè)Unit-8-We're-trying-to-save-the-earth-Secti

Unit8SectionAPeriodThree1/51takepartinaffordturnoffreusablepayfortakeactiontransportation參加v.買起；負(fù)擔(dān)起（后果）關(guān)掉adj.可重復(fù)使用付費(fèi)；付出代價(jià)采取行動(dòng)n.運(yùn)輸業(yè)；交通運(yùn)輸WordsReview2/51用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空。Listen!Thephone__________(ring).Pleasegotoanswerit.—Alan,it’slate.Whynotgotobed?—Jennyhasn’tcomebackyet.I___________(wait)forher.3.—What’syourfatherdoingnow?—He__________(write)aletterinthestudy.isringingamwaitingiswriting3/51①必定句:主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+-ing②否定句:主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+not+-ing③疑問(wèn)句:Am/Is/Are+主語(yǔ)+-ing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)--基本結(jié)構(gòu)4/51表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行，當(dāng)前正在發(fā)生動(dòng)作。常帶有表示當(dāng)前時(shí)刻時(shí)間副詞,如：now,atthe(very)moment,forthetimebeing,atpresent,及Look!Listen!...①Look!Thebigbirdisflyingaway.看，那只大鳥正在飛走。②Heiswatchingamovienow.

他現(xiàn)在正在看電影。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)--使用方法5/512)表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行，但說(shuō)話時(shí)可能沒有進(jìn)行動(dòng)作。

RightnowIamstudyingChinesebydistancelearning.

我現(xiàn)在正經(jīng)過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)--使用方法6/513)與always,constantly,forever,allthetime等副詞連用，表示動(dòng)作重復(fù)或習(xí)慣。此時(shí)句子常含有說(shuō)話者強(qiáng)烈情感在內(nèi)。表示較強(qiáng)“責(zé)備”或“表?yè)P(yáng)”之意。①Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你總是主意不定。(太煩人了。)②Heisalwayshelpingothers.他總是幫助他人。(他真是個(gè)好人。)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)--使用方法7/514)對(duì)于come,go,leave,arrive,start等表示位置移動(dòng)動(dòng)詞?？捎眠M(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表未來(lái)。①HeisleavingonWednesday.他將于周三離開。

②Maryisn’thereatthemoment.Sheiscominglater.瑪麗現(xiàn)在不在這兒，她一會(huì)兒來(lái)。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)--使用方法8/51—Icalledyouat4:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.—Sorry,I______withmyfriendsatthattime.(河南)A.swimB.swamC.willswimD.wasswimming考點(diǎn)例析9/51【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】★過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作，其謂語(yǔ)由“was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”組成?！锍Ｅc過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：then,atthattime,thistimeyesterday,attenyesterday等。10/51用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空。1.—I’dliketointroducemybestfriendtoyou,Peter.—Thankyou,Lucy.Butwe________(meet)already.2.—Lookatthesestamps.I__________(keep)themforfiveyears.

—Wow,theyarewonderful.havemethavekept11/51必定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其它否定句：主語(yǔ)+haven’t/hasn’t+過(guò)去分詞+其它普通Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+疑問(wèn)句：…？必定答語(yǔ)：Yes,主格代詞+have/has.否定答語(yǔ)：No,主格代詞+haven’t/hasn’t.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)--構(gòu)成12/511.表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛才完成。2.動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在結(jié)果、影響等。3.表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而且一直連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去，句中使用連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且常有表示一段時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)能夠用在條件或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示未來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)--用法13/511)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(名詞、短語(yǔ)、從句，其中從句用普通過(guò)去時(shí))2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+for+段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)3)It/Thisisthefirst/其它序數(shù)詞/lasttime+that從句中，從句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。1)Mary

hasbeen

illsince

threedaysago.

2)Mary

hasbeen

illforthreedays.

3)ItisthefirsttimethatI

havevisited

thecity.

Thisisthebestfilmthat

I’ve(ever)seen.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)--句型14/51六種時(shí)態(tài)一覽表時(shí)態(tài)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)普通未來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)使用方法表示經(jīng)常性發(fā)生動(dòng)作、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài)。表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生動(dòng)作。表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài)。表示未來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài)。表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或者未發(fā)生事對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果。組成方式1.動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are)+表語(yǔ)…2.動(dòng)詞原形+…(主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也用第三人稱單數(shù))1.動(dòng)詞was/were+表語(yǔ)2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+…be(am/is/are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞was/were+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞1.will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形(shall用于第一人稱)2.begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+…句型變化疑問(wèn)式1.Be+主語(yǔ)+…?2.Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+…?1.Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+…?2.Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+…?Be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+…?Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+…？1.Will/Shall+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+…?2.Be+主語(yǔ)+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+…?Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+…？否定式1.主語(yǔ)+be+not+…2.主語(yǔ)+don’t/doesn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+…1.主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+…2.主語(yǔ)+didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+…主語(yǔ)+be+not+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+…主語(yǔ)+wasn’t(wasnot)/weren’t(werenot)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+…1.主語(yǔ)+will/shallnot+動(dòng)詞原形+…2.主語(yǔ)+be+not+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+…主語(yǔ)+haven’t/hasn’t+過(guò)去分詞+…15/51用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空。1.TheSecondarySchoolEntranceExams_______(hold)inJune.2.Astrangenoise__________(hear)byhismotherlastnight.3.Awideroad_____________(build)betweenthetwovillagesbythosepeoplenextyear.isheldwasheardwillbebuilt16/51被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作承受者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be+過(guò)去分詞”組成。be伴隨主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)以及時(shí)態(tài)不一樣而改變。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“can/must/may/should…+be+過(guò)去分詞”組成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)17/51ThefirstsectionofNewCollegeEnglishisdesignedforspeakingpracticeand

isbasedonpicturesandtopics.Thesecomputers

weremade

inourowncountrylastyear.Shallwe

beasked

toattendtheopeningceremony?①普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞

②普通過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/were+過(guò)去分詞

③普通未來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：will/shall+be+過(guò)去分詞

18/511.有些動(dòng)詞能夠有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，能夠把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)依然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)是間接賓語(yǔ)(指人賓語(yǔ)）。一些特殊被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Theydidn’tofferAnnthejob.Annwasn’toffered

thejob.19/512.在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。Theymakehercleanthefloor.Sheismade

toclean

thefloorbythem.20/513.It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句(=主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+todosth.)表示：聽說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)悉/據(jù)信等……聽說(shuō)這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)經(jīng)過(guò)了這次全國(guó)性測(cè)試。Itissaidthat

theboyhaspassedthenationalexam.Theboy

issaidto

havepassedthenationalexam.21/511.一些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其它動(dòng)詞本身能夠表示被動(dòng)意義。smell,taste,prove,sell,etc.1)Thedish

tastes

delicious.

2)Thetheory

proved

rightatlast.3)Thebookissointerestingthatit

sells

well.不能夠變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情況22/51need+V-ing表示“主語(yǔ)承受動(dòng)詞發(fā)出動(dòng)作”，表示被動(dòng)意義。我車需要修理。Mycarneedsrepairing.

(=toberepaired).戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)暴發(fā)了。Thewarbrokeout.但不能說(shuō)：Thewarwasbrokeout.3.通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有。23/51

“be+過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)分是：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)或所處狀態(tài)，試比較下面句子：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分24/51Theenemy

wassoonsurrounded

byus.Thehouse

issurrounded

bytrees.She

wasbitten

bythedoginthedarkness.

Iwasexcited

bythenewsthatmyhusbandgotpromoted.被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)25/51時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+done普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)didwas/were+done普通未來(lái)時(shí)will/begoingto+dowill/begoingto+be+done普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)、普通過(guò)去時(shí)和普通未來(lái)時(shí)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(以動(dòng)詞do為例)：26/51Wecandoitbyourselves.ItmustbeTom’s.Lookathisnameonthecover.3.I’msorry.Childrenmustn’tswimhere.4.MayseeyouIDcard,sir?5.Willyoupassmethebook?指出以下劃線動(dòng)詞種類。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞27/51情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含有一定意義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，其后需接動(dòng)詞原形一起組成句子謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(除haveto以外)沒有些人稱和數(shù)改變。另外，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)組成否定句、疑問(wèn)句并進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)略回答。初中常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can,may,must,need,haveto,could,should,oughtto等。28/51考點(diǎn)一：考查表示“能力”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.—________yourAustralianfriendeatwithchopsticks?—Yes,butshecan’tusethemwell.A.ShouldB.NeedC.CanD.Must2.Theworkistoohardforus.We_______finishitontime.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t情態(tài)動(dòng)詞——考點(diǎn)29/513.—Couldyourfatherplaygolfwhenhewasyoung?—No,he________.Buthe________playtabletennis.A.couldn’t;couldB.needn’t;mightC.mustn’t;shouldD.shouldn’t;need【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】★情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示“能力”時(shí)，與beableto同義，其否定形式為can’t。can表示現(xiàn)在能力，其過(guò)去式could表示過(guò)去能力。30/51考點(diǎn)二：考查表示“應(yīng)該”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.—________we tofinishourhomework beforenoon?—Yes,you________.A.Need;canB.Have;doC.Ought;oughttoD.Should;must2.You________studyhardifyouwanttobeascientistinthefuture.A.mayB.shouldC.wouldD.could31/51【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】★情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should和oughtto都可表示“應(yīng)該”，但should側(cè)重說(shuō)話者主觀看法，而oughtto更側(cè)重客觀情況?！飐hould否定形式為shouldn’t，oughtto否定形式為oughtn’tto或oughtnotto。32/51考點(diǎn)三：考查表示“請(qǐng)求；許可”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其回答1.—________Iborrowyourmathsbook?—Sure.Hereyouare.A.NeedB.WillC.MayD.Must33/512.—________Itakesomephotosinthehall?—No,you________.Lookatthesign“Nophotos”!A.Can;needn’tB.Must;mustn’tC.Should;needn’tD.May;mustn’t3.—CouldIuseyourdictionaryforawhile?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.A.couldB.canC.willD.should34/51【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】

★情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may和can都可表示“請(qǐng)求；許可”。may比can正式，could在表示“請(qǐng)求；許可”時(shí)，既可表示過(guò)去，也可表示語(yǔ)氣委婉?！锂?dāng)“May/Can/CouldI…”表示“請(qǐng)求；許可”時(shí)，必定回答慣用“Yes,please.”/“Certainly.”等，否定回答慣用“No,youcan’t/mustn’t.”等。35/51考點(diǎn)四：考查表示“推測(cè)”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.—IsawLilyinthesupermarketthismorning.—Oh,it________her.ShemovedtoAustraliathedaybeforeyesterday.A.canbeB.mustbeC.can’tbeD.mustn’tbe36/512.Afteralongwalk,thechildren________beverytirednow.A.willB.mustC.havetoD.can3.John________gowithustomorrow,butheisn’tsure.A.mustB.canC.needD.may37/51【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】

★may,can,must都可表“推測(cè)”，三者可能性依次遞增。★may和must表“推測(cè)”慣用于必定句中，can表“推測(cè)”慣用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。38/51考點(diǎn)五：考查need,must和haveto使用方法1.Jim,you________playwiththeknife.You________hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’t2.—________Ihavetohandinmyhomeworknow,MrZhang?—Yes,youdo.A.DoB.CanC.MayD.Must39/513.—MustIgetupbeforesixo’clocktomorrowmorning,Dad?—No,you________.TomorrowisSaturday.Youmaygetupalittlelater.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.maynot4.It’stoolate.We________gohome,orwe’llbeblamed(責(zé)備).A.canB.mayC.mightD.haveto40/51【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】★need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“需要”，后接動(dòng)詞原形，慣用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。★must意為“必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法。對(duì)must引導(dǎo)普通疑問(wèn)句，必定回答慣用“must”，否定回答慣用needn’t或don’thaveto。mustn’t意為“一定不要；禁止”?！飄aveto意為“不得不；必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀情況下需要做某事，有些人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)改變，變否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)需要借助助動(dòng)詞完成句型改變。41/51分類特點(diǎn)例詞意義例句情態(tài)動(dòng)詞跟動(dòng)詞原形（有自己詞匯意思）can(could),may(might),should,oughtto,must,need,haveto,etc.不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)。表示說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣、情感或態(tài)度，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)改變(haveto除外)Wecan’tcarrytheheavybox.Hemaycometomorrow.Wemuststudyhard.42/51Jennyusedtoplaythepiano.用usedto句型說(shuō)出與圖片情景相符句子。JennyMikeusedtowearglasses.Mike,glassesPeterusedtoplaysoccer.Peter,soccerAmy,longhairAmyusedtohavelonghair.Markusedtolikeswimming.Mark,likeswimReviewusedto“__________”,表示___________usedto

+___________對(duì)比現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去:_________________________________________________________過(guò)去習(xí)慣過(guò)去經(jīng)常動(dòng)詞原形butnotanymore,butnotanylongerbutnow…，43/51翻譯以下句子。艾米以前是短頭發(fā)嗎？你以前常在學(xué)校吃午餐嗎？他過(guò)去不戴眼鏡。這些商店過(guò)去在周日是不營(yíng)業(yè)。他以前很高，是嗎？DidAmyuseto

haveshorthair?Didyouuseto

havelunchatschool?Hedidn’tuseto

wearglasses.Theshopusedn’tto

openonSundays.Heusedtobeverytall,didn’the?usedto否定句和疑問(wèn)句否定句：didn’tuseto…/usednotto…普通疑問(wèn)句:Didyouuseto...?/Usedyouto…?變反意疑問(wèn)句，附加疑問(wèn)部分可用didn’t/usedn’t或did/usedSheusednottoliketests.Usedyoutobepopularinschool?Theyusedn’ttogoskating,didthey?44/51定義*usedto“過(guò)去經(jīng)?！?表過(guò)去習(xí)慣*usedto

+

動(dòng)詞原形*對(duì)比現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去:butnow…，butnotanymore,butnotanylonger句式*否定句：didn’tuseto…/usednotto…*普通疑問(wèn)句:Didyouuseto...?/Usedyouto…?*變反意疑問(wèn)句，附加疑問(wèn)部分可用didn’t/usedn’t或did/usedusedtoSummary45/51Finishtheexercises4a-4conpage100.Findtheanswertothequestion.46/511.Don'tmakesomuchnoise.Thechildren_______anEnglishlesson.(黑龍江綏化)A.haveB.arehaving C.werehaving2.Listen!Thephone______.Pleasegotoanswerit.(沈陽(yáng))A.rings B.isringing