Typicalactivitiesofchemicalengineers化學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)省公開課一等獎(jiǎng)全

年號(hào)讀法：1979←→nineteenseventy-nine/nineteenhundred(and)seventy-nine;E.g.：inthe1840's

inthe'60's讀作：intheeighteenforties（十九世紀(jì)四十年代）年代讀法：讀作：inthesixties（本世紀(jì)六十年代）

指十年（decade），采取“基數(shù)詞加上十位數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)”形式來(lái)表示，前面與介詞“in”和定冠詞“the”搭配。1/38exercise3鈉鉀磷氨聚合物聚乙烯氯化物粘度烴催化劑煉油廠添加劑sodiumpotassiumphosphorusammoniapolymerpolyethylenechlorideviscosityhydrocarboncatalystrefineryadditive2/38Unit3

TypicalActivitiesofChemicalEngineers3/38ChemicalengineersandchemistWhatistheclassicalroleofthechemicalengineer?Whatarethedifferencesbetweentheworkofchemistsandthatofchemicalengineers?Whataretherelationshipsbetweenchemicalengineersandchemists?Whyshouldchemicalengineersworkwithotherengineers?Questions：4/38Whatistheclassicalroleofthechemicalengineer?FAQTheclassicalroleofthechemicalengineeristotakethediscoveriesmadebythechemistinthelaboratoryanddevelopthemintomoney-making,commercial-scalechemicalprocess.化學(xué)工程師經(jīng)典職責(zé)是接收化學(xué)家在試驗(yàn)室中所完成發(fā)覺并開發(fā)它們成為盈利，商業(yè)規(guī)?；瘜W(xué)過(guò)程。5/38Whatarethedifferencesbetweenchemicalengineersandchemists?FAQThechemistworksintesttubesandParrbombswithverysmallquantitiesofreactantsandproducts,usuallyrunning“batch”,constant-temperatureexperiments.The

chemicalengineers

typicallyworkwithmuchlargerquantitiesofmaterialandwithverylarge(andexpensive)equipment.6/38Whataretherelationshipsbetweenchemicalengineersandchemists?FAQThechemicalengineerisofteninvolvedin“scalingup”achemist-developedsmall-scalereactorandseparationsystemtoaverylargecommercialplantThechemicalengineermustworkcloselywiththechemist……7/38Thechemicalengineermustworkcloselywiththechemistinordertounderstandthoroughlythechemistryinvolvedintheprocessandtomakesurethatthechemistgetsthereactionkineticdataandthephysicalpropertydataneededtodesign,operate,andoptimizetheprocess.反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)物理性質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)、操作和優(yōu)化過(guò)程8/38Whyshouldchemicalengineersworkwithotherengineers?FAQThechemicalengineermustalsoworkcloselywithmechanical,electrical,civil,andmetallurgicalengineersinordertodesignandoperatethephysicalequipmentinaplant—thereactors,tanks,distillationcolumns,heatexchangers,pumps,compressors,controlandinstrumentationdevices,andsoon。機(jī)械、電子、土木、冶金等工程師9/38Chemist：Testtubes,Parrbombs,smallcontainersmallqualitiesofreactantsandproductsCatalyst,samplesChemicalengineer：largeequipment,distillationcolumnslargerqualitiesofmaterialofteninvolvedin“scalingup”Workcloselywiththechemist…andotherengineers10/38Whatarethetypicalactivitiesofchemicalengineers?Tocommercializethelaboratorychemistry,thechemicalengineerisinvolvedindevelopment,design,construction,operation,sales,andresearch.11/38Typicalactivities

ofchemicalengineersdevelopmentdesignconstructionoperationsalesresearch12/381.developmentWhatisdevelopment?Whatdochemicalengineersdointhispart？Whydoweneedpilotplantinthedevelopment?13/38Wordsandexpressionsreactorscale-upproblemmixingimperfectiontemperaturegradientsmaterialsofconstructionMeasurementtechniquesProcesscontrolstrategies反應(yīng)器放大問(wèn)題攪拌不均勻溫度梯度建造物料測(cè)量技術(shù)工藝過(guò)程控制策略14/381.developmentDevelopmentistheintermediatesteprequiredinpassingfromalaboratory-sizeprocesstoacommercial-sizeprocess.developmentisusuallypartofthecommercializationofachemicalprocessbecause“scale-up”problemisaverydifficultoneWhatisdevelopment?15/381.developmentThechemicalengineerworkswiththechemistandateamofotherengineerstodesign,constructandoperatethepilotplant.Oncethepilotplantisoperational,…evaluatetheprocessfromaneconomicpointofviewChemicalengineersactivities16/381.developmentThepilotplantofferstheopportunitytoevaluatematerialsof‘,measurementtechniques,andprocesscontrolstrategies.Theexperimentalfindingsinthepilotplantcanbeusedtoimprovethedesignofthefull-scaleplantfunctionsofthe“pilot-plant”建造材料測(cè)量技術(shù)工藝過(guò)程控制策略17/382.DesignWhatisdesign?Whatdochemicalengineersdointhispart？What’stheproductofdesignstage?18/382.DesignBasedontheexperienceanddataobtainedinthelaboratoryandthepilotplant,ateamofengineersisassembledtodesignthecommercialplant.Whatisdesign?基于試驗(yàn)室和中試廠取得試驗(yàn)和數(shù)據(jù)，工程師們集中起來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)工業(yè)廠19/382.DesignThechemicalengineer’sjobistospecifyallprocessflowratesandconditions,equipmenttypesandsizes,materialsofconstruction,processconfigurations,controlsystem,safetysystems,environmentalprotectionsystems,andotherrelevantspecifications.Chemicalengineersactivities流速和條件建造材料控制系統(tǒng)環(huán)境保護(hù)系統(tǒng)20/382.DesignProductsofthedesignstage(1)FlowSheets(2)PandIDrawings(3)EquipmentSpecificationSheets工藝流程圖儀器和管線圖設(shè)備詳細(xì)圖表21/383.ConstructionprocessConstructionphaseCheck-outphaseStartupperiod22/38MajorpiecesofequipmentDistillationcolumnsHeatexchangerPumpCompressorinstrumentalsensorsAutomaticcontrolvalveTheconstructionphaseistheassemblingofallthecomponentsintoacompleteplant23/383.Constructionaveryexcitingandrewardingtimeformostengineers.…seeingyourideasbeingtranslatedfrompaperintoreality…engineersusuallyonshiftworkduringthestartupperiod.Chemicalengineersactivities24/383.ConstructionresultsOncetheplanthasbeensuccessfullyoperatedatitsratedperformance,itisturnedovertotheoperatingormanufacturingdepartmentforroutineproductionofproducts額定性能正常（常規(guī)）生產(chǎn)25/384.ManufacturingChemicalengineersoccupyacentralpositionPlanttechnicalservicegroupsareresponsibleforthetechnicalaspectsofrunninganefficientandsafeplantOperations,production26/384.ManufacturingChemicalengineersactivitiesruncapacityandperformancetestsdeterminebottlenecksandremovethemreduceoperatingcost…studywaystoimproveproductqualityandreduceenvironmentalpollution測(cè)試設(shè)備容量和性能27/385.TechnicalSalescalloncustomersmakerecommendationsonparticularproductstofillcustomer’sneedsbeingsurethatordersarehandledsmoothlySalesengineeristhecompany’srepresentativeandmustknowthecompany’sproductlinewell.28/386.Researchworkwithchemistindevelopingneworimprovedproductdevelopnewandimprovedengineeringmethodsworkonimprovedsensorsforon-linephysicalpropertymeasurementsstudyalternativeprocessconfigurationsandequipmentChemicalengineersactivities29/38AssignmentWhatdochemicalengineersdoinmanufacturing？TranslateFinishexercises3and4onyourtextbookPreviewunit430/38scale-upfigureofReactorstructureforammonia

laboratoryPilotplantCommercialplant31/38TheflowsheetShowalltheequipmentschematicallyWithallstreamslabeled,conditionsspecified(flowrate,temperature,pressure,composition,vi