2022年4月自考00832英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)試題及答案含解析

英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)年月真題

0083220224

1、【單選題】Thefactthatthepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythan

spellingovertheyearsresultsin______.

moreandmoredifferencesbetweensoundandform

theconventionalrelationshipbetweensoundandmeaning

A:

thearbitrarysymbolicconnectionbetweensoundandmeaning

B:

thedifferentsoundsofthesameconceptindifferentlanguages

C:

答D:案：A

解析：Thefactthatthepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspelling

overtheyearsresultsinmoreandmoredifferencesbetweensoundandform.(多年

來，發(fā)音的變化比拼寫的變化快，這一事實(shí)導(dǎo)致聲音和形式之間的差異越來越大)P8

2、【單選題】TheEnglishvocabularycanbeclassifiedbydifferentcriteriaand

fordifferentpurposes.Wordsmayfallintothecontentwordsandfunctional

wordsby______

origin

notion

A:

usefrequency

B:

symbolicmeaning

C:

答D:案：B

解析：Wordsmayfallintothebasicwordstockandnonbasicvocabularyby

usefrequency,intocontentwordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion,andinto

nativewordsandborrowedwordsbyorigin.(詞匯按使用頻率可分為基本詞庫(kù)和非基本

詞匯，按概念可分為內(nèi)容詞和虛詞，按來源可分為本族詞和外來詞。)P10-11

3、【單選題】Aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginal

pronunciationandspellingWhichofthefollowingwordsbelongstoaliens?

kowtow

port

A:

mothertongue

B:

longtimenosee

C:

答D:案：A

解析：Aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginal

pronunciationandspelling.(外國(guó)人是保留了原有發(fā)音和拼寫的外來詞。)

4、【單選題】TheIndo-Europeanlanguageismadeupofmostofthelanguages

ofEurope,___,andindia.

Asia

Africa

A:

theNearEast

B:

theFarWest

C:

答D:案：C

解析：TheIndo-EuropeanismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,the

NearEast，andIndia(印歐語(yǔ)系由歐洲、近東和印度的大多數(shù)語(yǔ)言組成。)P23

5、【單選題】IntheearlyModernEnglish,Europesawanewupsurgeoflearning

ancientGreekandRomanclassics.Thisisknowninhistoryasthe

industrialization

ElizabethanAge

A:

Renaissance

B:

VictorianAge

C:

答D:案：C

解析：IntheearlyperiodofModernEnglish,Europesawanewupsurgeof

learningancientGreekandRomanclassicsThisisknowninhistoryas

theRenaissance.(在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)早期，歐洲掀起了學(xué)習(xí)古希臘羅馬經(jīng)典的新熱潮。這在歷史

上被稱為文藝復(fù)興。)P28

6、【單選題】ModermEnglishvocabularydevelopsthroughchannelsof_,semantic

change,andborrowing.

loaning

expansion

A:

lexicalchange

B:

creation

C:

答D:案：D

解析：Onthebasisofthediscussionsofarinthischapterwecanconclude

thatmodernEnglishvocabularydevelopsthroughthreechannels:creation

semanticchangeandborrowing(根據(jù)本章迄今為止的討論，我們可以得出結(jié)論，現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)

詞匯的發(fā)展通過三個(gè)渠道:創(chuàng)造、語(yǔ)義變化和借用。)P31

7、【單選題】Monomorphemicwordsarerealizedbysinglemorphssuchas________.

seed

beds

A:

wanted

B:

desiring

C:

答D:案：A

解析：Mostmorphemesarerealizedbysinglemorphs.Thesemorphemescoincide

withwordsastheycanstandbythemselvesandfunctionfreelyinasentence.

Wordsofthiskindarecalledmonomorphemicwords.(大多數(shù)語(yǔ)素是由單個(gè)語(yǔ)素實(shí)現(xiàn)

的。這些語(yǔ)素與單詞重合，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢元?dú)立存在并在句子中自由發(fā)揮作用。這種詞被稱

為單態(tài)詞。)P38

8、【單選題】Themorphemeofthepasttensemarker/-ed/ispronounced

as/t/inworked,/d/inlivedand/d/inlanded.Thisexampleshows______.

morphemesareabstractunits

morphsareactualspokenminimalcarriersofmeaning

A:

almorphsarephonticallyconditionedandthuspredictable

B:

monomorphemicwordscoincidewithwordsandfunctionfreelyinasentence

C:

答D:案：C

解析：題干表明變體在語(yǔ)音上是有條件的，因此是可預(yù)測(cè)的。P38。(2022年04月試題)

9、【單選題】Amongthefollowingwords,“______”doesNOThavederivational

affixes.

pushy

happier

A:

upward

B:

postwar

C:

答D:案：B

解析：派生詞綴(derivationalaffixes)主要是加前綴或者后綴;屈折詞綴主要包括復(fù)數(shù)、

第三人稱單數(shù)、分詞形式、比較級(jí)等形式。B項(xiàng)屬于曲折詞綴。P41。

10、【單選題】Thefollowingwordshaveprefixesoftimeororder

EXCEPT:”______”

pro-student

reconsider

A:

foretell

B:

ex-professor

C:

答D:案：A

解析：pro是表示方向的前綴。其他三項(xiàng)都是表示時(shí)間的前綴。P48。

11、【單選題】Redmeatrefersto“beef”or“l(fā)amb”ratherthananymeatthatis

redincolor.Thisexampleshowsthatcompoundsaredifferentfromfree

phrasesin________feature.

phonetic

semantic

A:

grammatical

B:

lexical

C:

答D:案：B

解析：redmeat指的是“牛肉”或“羊肉”而不是任何紅色的肉。這個(gè)例子表明，復(fù)合詞

在語(yǔ)義特征上不同于自由短語(yǔ)。P52(2022年04月試題)

12、【單選題】Youhavetoshowyour【ID】beforecheckinginthehotel.Inthe

senseofwordformationthe,theunderlinedword“ID”isformedby__________.

conversion

clipping

A:

compounding

B:

acronymy

C:

答D:案：D

解析：acronymy首字母縮寫法。ID全稱dentitydocument。P66(2022年04月試題)

13、【單選題】_____accountsfortheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsymboland

itsmeaning.

Reference

Motivation

A:

Sense

B:

Concept

C:

D:

答案：B

解析：Motivationaccountsfortheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsymboland

itsmeaning.理?yè)?jù)討論的是語(yǔ)言符號(hào)和意義之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。P83

14、【單選題】Thefollowingwordsareonomatopoeticallymotivated

EXCEPT”___________“.

airmail

tick-tuck

A:

miaow

B:

bow-wow

C:

答D:案：A

解析：onomatopoetically擬聲地。airmail航空郵件，不是擬聲詞。P84

15、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

Collocationcanaffectthemeaningofwords.

Inthephrasethetonguesoffire,Bthewordtonguesissemanticallymotivated.

A:

Grammaticalmeaningreferstothepartofspeech,tensesofverbsand

B:

stylisticfeaturesofwords.

C:

Byetymologicalmotivation,wemeanthatthemeaningofaparticularword

isrelatedtoitsorigin.

D:

答案：C

解析：Asmentionedearliergrammaticalmeaningsreferstothatpartofthe

meaningofthewordwhichindicatesgrammaticalconceptorrelationshipssuch

aspartofspeechofwords.(nounsverbs,adjectives,adverbs),singularandplural

meaningofnouns,tensemeaningofverbsandtheirinflectionalforms.(如前所述，

語(yǔ)法意義是指表示語(yǔ)法概念或關(guān)系的詞義部分，例如詞的詞性(名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副

詞)、名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)意義、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)意義及其屈折形式。)P86

16、【單選題】Bowmeaning“bendingtheheadasagreeting”andbowmeaning“the

deviceusedforshootingarrows”are

perfecthomonyms

homographs

A:

homophones

B:

perfectsynonyms

C:

答D:案：B

解析：homographs是同形異音異義詞。bow鞠躬的語(yǔ)音是/ba?/,bow弓的語(yǔ)音是/b??/。

P100(2022年04月試題)

17、【單選題】Fromthediachronicpointofview,thefollowingarethederived

meaningsofthewordfaceEXCEPT“__________“

outwardaspect

thefrontofthehead

A:

thestrikingsurfaca

B:

theendofatunnel,drift,etc

C:

答D:案：B

解析：thefrontofthehead是face的原始意思，不是派生意思(derivedmeaning)。

P96(2022年04月試題)

18、【單選題】Theword“________”istheantonymoftheworddullinthe

sentenceShebecamedullandsilentduringthelastpartofthejourney.

interesting

lively

A:

intelligent

B:

acute

C:

答D:案：B

解析：dull沉悶的，反義詞對(duì)應(yīng)lively活潑的。P114

19、【單選題】Thewordmanuscriptusedtomean“handwriting”,butnowitmeans

“anyauthor'swritingwhetherwrittenbyhandortypedwithatypewriterora

word-processor”.Thisisanexampleof____ofmeaning.

extension

narrowing

A:

degradation

B:

elevation

C:

答D:案：A

解析：extensionofmeaning詞義擴(kuò)大化。manuscript之前的意思是“手寫”，現(xiàn)在的

意思是“手稿;原稿。”P135(2022年04月試題)

20、【單選題】Theoriginalmeaningofthewordnicewas“ignorant”,then

changedto“foolish”,butnowithasbeen_________tomean“delightful!”.

generalized

specialized

A:

elevated

B:

degraded

C:

答D:案：C

解析：elevate詞義轉(zhuǎn)佳，改善。P138

21、【單選題】Themeaningofthewordcomputerchangedfrom“apersonwho

computes”to“anelectronicmachine”,whichindicatesthat____canaccountfor

thechangeofwordmeaning.

classreason

historicalreason

A:

psychologicalreason

B:

religiousreason

C:

答D:案：B

解析：computer的意思從“計(jì)算的人”變?yōu)椤坝?jì)算機(jī)”,體現(xiàn)了歷史的因素可以影響詞義

的變化。P141-142

22、【單選題】Whenawordwithmultiplemeaningsisusedininadequate

context,itcreates__.

ambiguity

repetition

A:

complexity

B:

division

C:

答D:案：A

解析：當(dāng)一個(gè)具有多重含義的單詞在不適當(dāng)?shù)纳舷挛闹惺褂脮r(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義

(ambiguity)。P155(2022年04月試題)

23、【單選題】The_____contextmayaffectthemeaningofwords,asisshownin

theexamplewherelandlordinChinesecultureusedtobeassociatedwith

exploitationwhileitcommonlymeans“someonewhorentshouseformoney”in

westerncountries.

lexical

grammatical

A:

B:

extra-linguistic

non-verbal

C:

答D:案：C

解析：Theextra-linguisticcontext(語(yǔ)言外環(huán)境)mayextendtoembracetheentire

culturalbackground,whichmayalsoaffectthemeaningofwords.(語(yǔ)言外語(yǔ)境(語(yǔ)言

外環(huán)境)可以擴(kuò)展到包含整個(gè)文化背景，這也可能影響單詞的含義。)P151(2022年04月試

題)

24、【單選題】WhatcontextclueisusedinthesentenceTheirgreatestfearwas

ofaconflagration,sincefirewoulddestroytheirflimsywoodensettlement

beforehelpcouldarrive?

Example.

Synonymy.

A:

Hyponymy.

B:

Details.

C:

答D:案：B

解析：Synonymy同義詞，conflagration和fire都有火災(zāi)的意思，所以使用的是同義詞

線索。P158。(2022年04月試題)

25、【單選題】Lipservicecannotbeturnedintomouthservice,whichindicates

“_____"

theconstituentsofidiomscannotbereplaced

thewordordercannotbeinvertedorchanged

A:

thevariouswordsthatmakeuptheidiomshavelosttheirindividualidentities

B:

theconstituentsofanidiomcannotbedeletedoraddedto,notevenanarticle

C:

答D:案：A

解析：Lipservice這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)不能用mouthservice代替，說明習(xí)語(yǔ)的組成習(xí)語(yǔ)的成分是

不能隨便替代的。P163。(2022年04月試題)

26、【單選題】Theidiom“_______”isanidiomnominalinnature.

fleshandblood

aspoorasachurchmouse

A:

upintheair

B:

putoff

C:

D:

答案：A

解析：idiomnominalinnature名詞性習(xí)語(yǔ)fleshandblood意為親屬。P166

27、【單選題】ReiterationisusedinthefollowingidiomsEXCEPT"________"

screamandshout

neckandneck

A:

bitsandpieces

B:

roughandtough

C:

答D:案：B

解析：Reiteration同義詞疊用。B項(xiàng)屬于單詞重復(fù)使用(Repetition)。P173-174(2022年

04月試題)

28、【單選題】Dictionarieswhichaimatdefiningwordsandexplainingtheir

usagesinthelanguagearecalled______dictionaries.

linguistic

encyclopedic

A:

unabridged

B:

desk

C:

答D:案：A

解析：語(yǔ)言詞典(linguisticdictionaries)旨在定義單詞并解釋其在語(yǔ)言中的用法。

P185(2022年04月試題)

29、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingisNOTadeskdictionary?

TheWordBookDictionary

TheConciseOxfordDictionary,NinthEdition

A:

OxfordAdvancedLearnersDictionary,3rdEdition

B:

Webster'sNewWorldDictionary,2ndCollegeEdition

C:

答D:案：A

解析：deskdictionary案頭詞典。A項(xiàng)屬于非節(jié)略詞典(Unabridgeddictionary)。

P187(2022年04月試題)

30、【單選題】FortheLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(1987)，the

followingarefeaturesthatareworthmentioningEXCEPT________.

usagenotes

A:

languagenotes

usageexamples

B:

cleargrammarcodes

C:

答D:案：C

解析：FeaturesofLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish:Cleargrammar

codes;Usagenotes;Languagenotes.《朗文當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)詞典》的特點(diǎn):清晰的語(yǔ)法代碼;使

用說明;語(yǔ)言注釋。P196-197

31、【問答題】MatchthetermsinGroup(a)withtheexamplesinGroup(b).

(a)freemorpheme;boundroot;prefix;stem;inflectionalaffix

(b)potatoes;tree;subsea;dict-;nation

答案：freemorpheme-treeboundroot--dict-prefix-subseastem-nation

inflectionalaffix-potatoes

32、【問答題】Givetheclippedwordsofthefollowing.(1)earthquake

(2)gymnastics(3)dormitory(4)influenza(5)popularmusic

答案：(1)quake(2)gym(3)dorm(4)flu(5)pop(1)地震;(2)健身房;(3)

宿舍;(4)流感;(5)流行音樂。

33、【問答題】Whatarethethreemajorsourcesofhomonyms?Matchwiththe

followingexamplewords:rock,ballear.

答案：Homonymsfallintothreeclasses:perfecthomonyms,homographs

andhomophones.rock,ball,earareperfecthomonyms.(同音詞分為三類:完全同音詞、

同形詞和同音詞。搖滾、球、耳朵是完美的諧音。)

34、【問答題】Explainwhatcontextclueisusedinthesentence"Dogetmeaclop,

shesaid,smackingherlips,butherbrother,withascornfulglanceupatthe

branches,saidthattherewerenoneripeyet.

答案：Relevantdetails.Insentence,thoughtheauthordidnotexplainwhat

clopwas,yetthekeywordssuchassmackingherlips.branches,ripefoeframe

ofreferenceforus,implyingitissomethingeatablewhichcanbeobtained

fromtreeswhenripe.(相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。在句子中，雖然作者沒有解釋什么是clop，但諸如拍

打嘴唇、樹枝、成熟等關(guān)鍵詞為我們提供了一個(gè)參照系，暗示它是成熟時(shí)可以從樹上獲得

的可吃的東西。)

35、【問答題】Commentontheassociativemeaningofawordfromtheaspetsof

definitionandtypesbyanalyzingthefollowinggroupsofwordsorexpressions.

(a)vicious,love,hate,pleasure(b)pregnant,expecting,knockingup,inthe

chub(c)tremblewithfear,quiverwithexcitement(d)eastorwesthomeisbest.

答案：(a)Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeakersattitudetowardstheperson

orthinginquestion.Thismeaningcanbeovertlyandexplicitlyconveyed

simplybythechoiceoftherightwordsasmanyhaveemotivecontentin

themselves,eg.vicious,love,hate,pleasure.(b)Apartfromtheirconceptual

meanings,manywordshavestylisticfeatures,whichmakethemappropriatefor

differentcontexts.Forinstance,pregnanexpecting,knockingup,inthe

club,etc.,allcanhavethesameconceptualmeaning,butdifferintheir

stylisticvalues.(c)Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsaword

acquiresinitscollocation.inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-

meaningsuggestedbythewordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.ltnybe

notedthatthereofthetwowords.'tremblewithfear,quiverwithexcitement'

(d)Connotativemeaningreferstotheovertonesorassociationssuggested

bytheconceptualmeaning,traditionallyknownasconnotations.Itisnot

anessentialpartoftheword-neaning,butassociationsthatmightoccurin

themindofaparticularuserofthelanguage.Forexamplehomewhose

conceptualmeaningisa'dwellingplace.Whenreaderscomeacrossthetermin

actualreading,theymaymakeoutmoresensethanthat.Itmayremindthemof

their“family,friends,warmth,safety,love,convenience',etc.These

connotationsareimpliedinthewell-knownsayings'Eastorwest,homeisbest.

(a)情感意義表示說話人對(duì)所討論的人或事的態(tài)度。這個(gè)意思可以通過簡(jiǎn)單地選擇正確的

詞來明確表達(dá)，因?yàn)樵S多詞本身都有情感內(nèi)容，例如惡意、愛恨、快樂。(b)除了概念

意義外，許多詞還具有文體特征，這使得m適合不同的語(yǔ)境。例如，懷孕、在俱樂部等

等，都可以具有相同的概念意義，但在文體價(jià)值上有所不同。(c)搭配意義由一個(gè)詞在

搭配中獲得的聯(lián)想組成。換句話說，它是由討論中的單詞之前或之后的單詞所暗示的單詞

含義的一部分。值得一提的是，這兩個(gè)詞中沒有一個(gè)是這樣的?！昂ε碌冒l(fā)抖，興奮得發(fā)

抖”。(d)內(nèi)涵意義是指概念意義所暗示的泛音或聯(lián)想，傳統(tǒng)上稱為內(nèi)涵。它不是詞義

的重要組成部分，而是可能發(fā)生在語(yǔ)言特定使用者頭腦中的聯(lián)想。例如，家，其概念意

義是“居所”。當(dāng)讀者在實(shí)際閱讀中遇到這個(gè)詞時(shí)，他們可能會(huì)理解得更有意義。它可能

會(huì)讓他們想起他們的“家人、朋友、溫暖、安全、愛、方便”等。這些內(nèi)涵隱含在著名的

諺語(yǔ)“東方或西方，家是最好的。

36、【問答題】Commentonthefollowingsentencesusingthetheoryofhyponymy.

(a)Imetawriterwhoistherelationofapolitician.(b)Imetanewspaper

reporterwhoisthebrotherofSenatorBuckley.

答案：Hyponymyreferstothesemanticrelationshipofinclusion，inwhichthe

meaningofmorespecificwordisincludedinthatofanothermoregeneralword.

Itisnottoodifficulttojudgethatsentence[b]isbetterthansentence[a]，

becausein[b]thewriterusessubordinates,whichareconcreteand

precise,presentingavividverbalpicturebeforethereaderwhereasin[a]the

wordsusedaresuperordinates,whichconveyonlyageneralandvagueidea

(Hyponymy是指包含的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，其中更具體的詞的意義包含在另一個(gè)更一般的詞的意義

中。判斷句子[b]比句子[a]更好并不太難，因?yàn)樵赱b]中，作者使用了具體而精確的從屬

詞，在讀者面前呈現(xiàn)了一幅生動(dòng)的口頭畫面，而在[a]中，使用的詞是超坐標(biāo)，只傳達(dá)了

一個(gè)籠統(tǒng)而模糊的概念。)

37、【填空題】TheEnglishwordscanbeclassifiedintonativewordsandborrowed

wordsby___.

答案：origin

38、【填空題】TheintroductionofprintingintoEnglandmarkedthebeginning

of____Englishperiod

答案：Modern

39、【填空題】Themorphemeswhicharerealizedbymorethanonemorphaccording

totheirpositioninawordareknownas_______.

答案：allomorphs

40、【填空題】Accordingtothepositionswhichaffixesoccupyinwords,

affixationfallsintotwosubclasses:prefixationand_________.

答案：suffixation

41、【填空題】The_____ofanexpressionisitsplaceinasystemofsemantic

relationshipswithotherexpressionsinthelanguage

答案：sense

42、【填空題】Idiomslikerainandshinehereandthereareformed

with________,whichlookneatandpleasant,andsoundrhythmic.

答案：antonyms

43、【填空題】Whenacommonwordisturnedintoapropernoun,themean