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現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)年月真題
0083020194
1、【單選題】Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthe______studyoflanguage.()
synchronic
scientific
A:
specific
B:
diachronic
C:
答D:案:B
解析:(1P1)
2、【單選題】______aimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinlanguageformpatterns
andhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.()
Phonetics
Phonology
A:
Phone
B:
Phoneme
C:
答D:案:B
解析:(2P29)
3、【單選題】10P265TheAmericanSLAscholar______proposedthedistinction
betweenacquisitionandlearning.()
F.deSaussure
N.Chomsky
A:
S.Krashen
B:
B.F.Skinner
C:
答D:案:C
解析:(10P26)
4、【單選題】3P49Thebasicunitinthestudyofmorphologyis______()
phone
word
A:
phoneme
B:
C:
morpheme
答D:案:D
解析:(3P49)
5、【單選題】Oneofmajormentalfunctionscontrolledbytherighthemisphereof
thebrainis______()
temporalordering
holisticreasoning
A:
calculation
B:
analyticreasoning
C:
答D:案:B
解析:(9P213)
6、【單選題】Traditionallythethreemajortypesofsentencesare______,
______,and______sentences.
full/partial/incomplete
affirmative/interrogative/imperative
A:
positive/negative/neutral
B:
simple/coordinateorcompound/complex
C:
答D:案:D
解析:(4P62)
7、【單選題】Insociolinguistics,themorestandardvarietyiscalledthe______
variety,whichisusedformoreformalorseriousmatters,suchasspeechesmade
ingovernment,themedia,school,orchurch.()
low
high
A:
authoritative
B:
official
C:
答D:案:B
解析:(8P177)
8、【單選題】Thesenserelationthatholdsbetweenthetwowordsflowerandrose
is______.
polysemy
homonymy
A:
hyponymy
B:
synonymy
C:
答D:案:C
解析:(5P102)
9、【單選題】Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstract,anddecontextualized,
themeaningofa(n)______isconcrete,andcontext-dependent.()
word
phrase
A:
idiom
B:
utterance
C:
答D:案:D
解析:(6P114)
10、【單選題】Historicallinguisticsisthesubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudies
languagechange,therefore,itmainlyadoptsa______approach.()
diachronic
synchronic
A:
descriptive
B:
prescriptive
C:
答D:案:A
解析:(7P126)
11、【判斷題】()AccordingtoF.deSaussure,paroleisconcrete,whilelangue
isabstract.
正確
錯(cuò)誤
A:
答B(yǎng):案:A
解析:T(1P6)
12、【判斷題】()TherearetwonasalsinEnglish:[m][n].
正確
錯(cuò)誤
A:
答B(yǎng):案:B
解析:FTherearethreenasalsinEnglish:[m][n][].(2P24)
?
13、【判斷題】()Studiesoftheeffectofformalinstructioningeneralsupport
thehypothesisthatinstructiondecidesSLA
正確
錯(cuò)誤
A:
答B(yǎng):案:B
解析:FStudiesoftheeffectofformalinstructioningeneralsupportthe
hypothesisthatinstructionaidsSLA.(10P<su
14、【判斷題】()Sincecompoundisword,itscomponentscannotbewritten
separately.
正確
錯(cuò)誤
A:
答B(yǎng):案:B
解析:FOrthographically(Inwriting),acompoundcanbewrittenasoneword
withorwithoutahypheninbetween,oras
15、【判斷題】()Formostindividuals,thelefthemisphereisdominantfor
language,regardlessofhandiness.
正確
錯(cuò)誤
A:
答B(yǎng):案:A
解析:T(9P215)
16、【判斷題】()Thearrangementofwordsinalinearsequenceentailsthat
sentencearesimplylinearly-structured.
正確
錯(cuò)誤
A:
B:
答案:B
解析:FThearrangementofwordsinalinearsequencedoesnotentailthat
sentencesaresimplylinearly-structured.(4P66)
17、【判斷題】()Aeuphemismisamild,directorlessoffensivewordor
expressionsubstitutedwhenthespeakerorwriterfearsmoreindirectwording
mightbeharsh,unpleasantlyoffensive.
正確
錯(cuò)誤
A:
答B(yǎng):案:B
解析:FAeuphemismisamild,indirectorlessoffensivewordor
expressionsubstitutedwhenthespeakerorwriterfea
18、【判斷題】()Whentwowordsareidenticalinspelling,theyarehomophones.
正確
錯(cuò)誤
A:
答B(yǎng):案:B
解析:FWhentwowordsareidenticalinsound,theyarehomophones.或When
twowordsareidenticalinspelling,
19、【判斷題】()Ifonesayswhathebelievestobefalse,heviolatesthemaxim
ofquantity.
正確
錯(cuò)誤
A:
答B(yǎng):案:B
解析:Ifonesayswhathebelievestobefalse,heviolatesthemaximof
quality.(6P121)
20、【判斷題】()Themostvigorousandon-goingchangeinthehistorical
developmentofalanguageisthechangeinitsvocabulary.
正確
錯(cuò)誤
A:
B:
答案:A
解析:T(7P141)
21、【問答題】Ofthetwomediaoflanguage,speechandwriting,whichismore
basicintheviewofmodernlinguistics?Explainthereasons.
答案:OfthetwomediaoflanguagespeechismorebasicthanwritingThe
reasonsareasfollows:(1)First,inlinguisticevolution,speechisprior
towriting.Thewritingsystemofanylanguageisalways"invented"byits
userstorecordspeechwhentheneedsarise.(2)Second,ineveryday
communication,speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamount
ofinformationconveyed.(3)Third,speechisalwaysthewayinwhichevery
nativespeakeracquireshismothertongue,butwritingislearnedandtaught
lateratschool.(1P5)
22、【問答題】Whatarethemajorviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning?Explain
thembriefly.
答案:(1)Thenamingtheory,theconceptualistview,contextualism,
behaviorism.(2)Thenamingtheorysaysthewordsusedinalanguageare
takentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.Sowordsarejustnamesor
labelsforthings.(3)Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnodirect
linkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto;theyarelinkedthrough
themediationofconceptsinthemind.(4)Contextualismassumesthatonecan
derivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.(5)Behaviorism
definesthemeaningofalanguageformasthe"situationinwhichthespeaker
uttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer".(5P92)
23、【填空題】_D_______featuresrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhuman
languagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.
答案:Design(1P11)
24、【填空題】Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedeitherintermsof_m_______
ofarticulationorintermsofplaceofarticulation.
答案:manner(22P23)
25、【填空題】Languageacquisitionisconcernedwithlanguage_d_______in
humans.
答案:development(9P239)
26、【填空題】Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes:rootsand_a_______.
答案:affixes(3P51)
27、【填空題】Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called
_h_______,oneontherightandoneontheleft.
答案:hemispheres(9P212)
28、【填空題】ThetheoryofCaseConditionaccountsforthefactthat_n_______
phrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.
答案:noun(4P86)
29、【填空題】Aparticular_r_______maybeusedbyaparticulargroupof
people,usuallysharingthesameoccupationlikedoctors,teachers,andlawyers,
orthesameinterstampcollectors,footballfans.
答案:register(88P168)
30、【填空題】_R_______meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,
physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementand
thenon-linguisticworldofexperience.
答案:Reference(5P96)
31、【填空題】AccordingtoJohnAustin,_p_______weresentencesentencesthat
didnotstateafactordescribeastateandwerenotverifiable.
答案:performatives(6P116)
32、【填空題】ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage
dividedintotheperiodsof_O_______English,MiddleEnglishandModemEnglish.
答案:Old(7P127)
33、【名詞解釋】appliedlinguistics
答案:Appliedlinguisticsreferstothestudyoftheapplicationofthe
findingsinlinguisticsstudies(1P3)
34、【名詞解釋】InternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)
答案:IPAreferstostandardizedandinternationallyacceptedsystemof
phonetictranscription(2P20)
35、【名詞解釋】languagetransfer
答案:LanguagetransferreferstotheuseofL1knowledgeinlearning
secondlanguage.(10P266)
36、【名詞解釋】inflectionalaffixes
答案:Inflectionalaffixesorinflectionalmorphemesmanifestvarious
grammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,
andcase.(3P52)
37、【名詞解釋】linguisticlateralization
答案:Linguisticlateralizationisthebrain'sneurologicalspecialization
forlanguage.Linguisticlateralizationin
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