2019年4月自考00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)試題及答案含解析

現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)年月真題

0083020194

1、【單選題】Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthe______studyoflanguage.()

synchronic

scientific

A:

specific

B:

diachronic

C:

答D:案：B

解析：(1P1)

2、【單選題】______aimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinlanguageformpatterns

andhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.()

Phonetics

Phonology

A:

Phone

B:

Phoneme

C:

答D:案：B

解析：(2P29)

3、【單選題】10P265TheAmericanSLAscholar______proposedthedistinction

betweenacquisitionandlearning.()

F.deSaussure

N.Chomsky

A:

S.Krashen

B:

B.F.Skinner

C:

答D:案：C

解析：(10P26)

4、【單選題】3P49Thebasicunitinthestudyofmorphologyis______()

phone

word

A:

phoneme

B:

C:

morpheme

答D:案：D

解析：(3P49)

5、【單選題】Oneofmajormentalfunctionscontrolledbytherighthemisphereof

thebrainis______()

temporalordering

holisticreasoning

A:

calculation

B:

analyticreasoning

C:

答D:案：B

解析：(9P213)

6、【單選題】Traditionallythethreemajortypesofsentencesare______，

______，and______sentences.

full/partial/incomplete

affirmative/interrogative/imperative

A:

positive/negative/neutral

B:

simple/coordinateorcompound/complex

C:

答D:案：D

解析：(4P62)

7、【單選題】Insociolinguistics,themorestandardvarietyiscalledthe______

variety,whichisusedformoreformalorseriousmatters,suchasspeechesmade

ingovernment,themedia,school,orchurch.()

low

high

A:

authoritative

B:

official

C:

答D:案：B

解析：(8P177)

8、【單選題】Thesenserelationthatholdsbetweenthetwowordsflowerandrose

is______.

polysemy

homonymy

A:

hyponymy

B:

synonymy

C:

答D:案：C

解析：(5P102)

9、【單選題】Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstract,anddecontextualized,

themeaningofa(n)______isconcrete,andcontext-dependent.()

word

phrase

A:

idiom

B:

utterance

C:

答D:案：D

解析：(6P114)

10、【單選題】Historicallinguisticsisthesubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudies

languagechange,therefore,itmainlyadoptsa______approach.()

diachronic

synchronic

A:

descriptive

B:

prescriptive

C:

答D:案：A

解析：(7P126)

11、【判斷題】()AccordingtoF.deSaussure,paroleisconcrete,whilelangue

isabstract.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T(1P6)

12、【判斷題】()TherearetwonasalsinEnglish:[m][n].

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FTherearethreenasalsinEnglish:[m][n][].(2P24)

?

13、【判斷題】()Studiesoftheeffectofformalinstructioningeneralsupport

thehypothesisthatinstructiondecidesSLA

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FStudiesoftheeffectofformalinstructioningeneralsupportthe

hypothesisthatinstructionaidsSLA.(10P<su

14、【判斷題】()Sincecompoundisword,itscomponentscannotbewritten

separately.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FOrthographically(Inwriting),acompoundcanbewrittenasoneword

withorwithoutahypheninbetween,oras

15、【判斷題】()Formostindividuals,thelefthemisphereisdominantfor

language,regardlessofhandiness.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T(9P215)

16、【判斷題】()Thearrangementofwordsinalinearsequenceentailsthat

sentencearesimplylinearly-structured.

正確

錯誤

A:

B:

答案：B

解析：FThearrangementofwordsinalinearsequencedoesnotentailthat

sentencesaresimplylinearly-structured.(4P66)

17、【判斷題】()Aeuphemismisamild,directorlessoffensivewordor

expressionsubstitutedwhenthespeakerorwriterfearsmoreindirectwording

mightbeharsh,unpleasantlyoffensive.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FAeuphemismisamild,indirectorlessoffensivewordor

expressionsubstitutedwhenthespeakerorwriterfea

18、【判斷題】()Whentwowordsareidenticalinspelling,theyarehomophones.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FWhentwowordsareidenticalinsound,theyarehomophones.或When

twowordsareidenticalinspelling,

19、【判斷題】()Ifonesayswhathebelievestobefalse,heviolatesthemaxim

ofquantity.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：Ifonesayswhathebelievestobefalse,heviolatesthemaximof

quality.(6P121)

20、【判斷題】()Themostvigorousandon-goingchangeinthehistorical

developmentofalanguageisthechangeinitsvocabulary.

正確

錯誤

A:

B:

答案：A

解析：T(7P141)

21、【問答題】Ofthetwomediaoflanguage,speechandwriting,whichismore

basicintheviewofmodernlinguistics?Explainthereasons.

答案：OfthetwomediaoflanguagespeechismorebasicthanwritingThe

reasonsareasfollows：(1)First,inlinguisticevolution,speechisprior

towriting.Thewritingsystemofanylanguageisalways"invented"byits

userstorecordspeechwhentheneedsarise.(2)Second,ineveryday

communication,speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamount

ofinformationconveyed.(3)Third,speechisalwaysthewayinwhichevery

nativespeakeracquireshismothertongue,butwritingislearnedandtaught

lateratschool.(1P5)

22、【問答題】Whatarethemajorviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning?Explain

thembriefly.

答案：(1)Thenamingtheory,theconceptualistview,contextualism,

behaviorism.(2)Thenamingtheorysaysthewordsusedinalanguageare

takentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.Sowordsarejustnamesor

labelsforthings.(3)Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnodirect

linkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto;theyarelinkedthrough

themediationofconceptsinthemind.(4)Contextualismassumesthatonecan

derivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.(5)Behaviorism

definesthemeaningofalanguageformasthe"situationinwhichthespeaker

uttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer".(5P92)

23、【填空題】_D_______featuresrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhuman

languagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.

答案：Design(1P11)

24、【填空題】Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedeitherintermsof_m_______

ofarticulationorintermsofplaceofarticulation.

答案：manner(22P23)

25、【填空題】Languageacquisitionisconcernedwithlanguage_d_______in

humans.

答案：development(9P239)

26、【填空題】Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes:rootsand_a_______.

答案：affixes(3P51)

27、【填空題】Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called

_h_______,oneontherightandoneontheleft.

答案：hemispheres(9P212)

28、【填空題】ThetheoryofCaseConditionaccountsforthefactthat_n_______

phrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.

答案：noun(4P86)

29、【填空題】Aparticular_r_______maybeusedbyaparticulargroupof

people,usuallysharingthesameoccupationlikedoctors,teachers,andlawyers,

orthesameinterstampcollectors,footballfans.

答案：register(88P168)

30、【填空題】_R_______meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,

physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementand

thenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

答案：Reference(5P96)

31、【填空題】AccordingtoJohnAustin,_p_______weresentencesentencesthat

didnotstateafactordescribeastateandwerenotverifiable.

答案：performatives(6P116)

32、【填空題】ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage

dividedintotheperiodsof_O_______English,MiddleEnglishandModemEnglish.

答案：Old(7P127)

33、【名詞解釋】appliedlinguistics

答案：Appliedlinguisticsreferstothestudyoftheapplicationofthe

findingsinlinguisticsstudies(1P3)

34、【名詞解釋】InternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)

答案：IPAreferstostandardizedandinternationallyacceptedsystemof

phonetictranscription(2P20)

35、【名詞解釋】languagetransfer

答案：LanguagetransferreferstotheuseofL1knowledgeinlearning

secondlanguage.(10P266)

36、【名詞解釋】inflectionalaffixes

答案：Inflectionalaffixesorinflectionalmorphemesmanifestvarious

grammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,

andcase.(3P52)

37、【名詞解釋】linguisticlateralization

答案：Linguisticlateralizationisthebrain'sneurologicalspecialization

forlanguage.Linguisticlateralizationin