專業(yè)學(xué)位碩士研究生英語(yǔ)教程Unit-5詞匯及課后答案

PAGEPAGE6unit5NamingWordBank(academy->)academic:n.學(xué)者/adj.學(xué)術(shù)性someonewholooksatthingsinanacademicway學(xué)者；ThePoliceAcademy；academicconference學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)aesthetic:adj.美學(xué)的(aesthetics:n.美學(xué))oforconcerningtheappreciationofbeautyorgoodtaste美學(xué)的，審美的(badtaste->tasteless)[sex<->sexy](audio-:與聽(tīng)力有關(guān))audit:n.anexaminationofrecordsorfinancialaccountstochecktheir(accurate->)accuracy審計(jì)ballet(Italian):n.aclassicaldanceformcharacterizedbygraceandprecision芭蕾舞(bost->boster)boom:v.togrowordeveloprapidly;flourish/thrive/prosper快速發(fā)展(burglar->)burglary:n. theactofenteringabuildingorotherpremiseswiththeintenttocommit(thief->)theft入室盜竊(calculate->calculator->)calculus:n. thebranchofmathematicsthatdealswithlimitsandthe(different->differentiate->)differentiationandintegrationoffunctionsofoneormorevariables微積分commit:v. todo,perform,orperpetrate做，實(shí)行或犯罪;~acrime犯罪/~suicide自殺(pesticide殺蟲(chóng)劑);spendthecommittedtime花夠所需的時(shí)間(detect->)detective:n. sb.whoinvestigatescrimesandobtainsevidenceorinformation偵探;private~私家偵探disparity(gap/difference):n. theconditionorfactofbeingunequal,asinage,rank,ordegree;difference不等，差距(distinct->distinctive-)distinctively:adv.distinguishingly特殊地fake:（1）n./（2）adj.havingafalseormisleadingappearance;fraudulent假的hitch:v. toconnector attach連住;hitchhike搭便車；attachment附件intrigue:v. toarousetheinterestor(curious->好奇的)curiosityof激起…的興趣或好奇心 manifest:adj.obvious明顯的;Manifesto共產(chǎn)黨宣言;manuallabo(u)r體力勞動(dòng)marquee:n. alargetentwithopensides,usedchieflyforoutdoor(enter->entertain給人以?shī)蕵?lè)->）entertainment大帳篷mayhem:n. theoffenseofwillfullymaimingor(crippled=disabled殘疾的)cripplingaperson身體傷害罪[mis-:(1)wrong;(2)bad->]misdeed:n.awrongorillegaldeed(行為);awrongdoing違法行為noteworthy:adj.notable值得注意的obsessive:adj.of,relatingto,characteristicof,orcausinganobsession著迷的(offend->offense->offensive:offensivetalk)offender:n. one(sb.)thatoffends,especiallyonethatbreaksapubliclaw違法者outrageous:adj.beingwellbeyondthebounds(limits)ofgoodtaste蠻橫的,殘暴的,無(wú)恥的,可惡的,令人不可容忍的;勃然大怒perceive:v.toachieveunderstandingofapprehend(comprehend)理解(proliferate->)proliferation:n.arapidincreaseorspreading激增 prosper(->prosperous->prosperous-looking很成功的樣子):v.tobefortunateorsuccessful,especiallyintermsofone'sfinances;thrive繁榮，成功(sume=get)resume:n.abriefwrittenaccountof educationalandprofessionalqualificationsandexperience學(xué)術(shù)簡(jiǎn)歷(segregate->)segregation:n.theactorprocessofsegregatingortheconditionofbeingsegregated隔離;discriminate->discrimination歧視sergeant:n. therankofpoliceofficernext belowacaptain,lieutenant(陸軍中尉,海軍上尉),orinspector警官sheer:adj.completelysuch,withoutqualificationorexception純粹，完全的;sheerluck純粹是運(yùn)氣好[solid:(1)固體;(2)牢固的;(3)孤獨(dú)的]solidarity:n.fellowshipofresponsibilitiesandinterests團(tuán)結(jié)，一致;solidarybee獨(dú)蜂starkly:adv. completelyorutterly;extremely完全地（tempt：引誘+tress一綹頭發(fā)->）temptress:n.an(allure引誘)alluring,(witch->)bewitchingwoman誘惑男人的女人;(wise->wiz->)wizard巫婆神漢/向?qū)?witchtry[past:(1)adj.e.g.inthe~fewdays;(2)preposition,e.g.Hewentpastmywindow.](tres-:across)trespass:v.tocommitanoffenseorasin;transgressorerr(err<->error不懂而出錯(cuò)<->mistake懂但不小心出錯(cuò))違法或犯罪;[crime<->sin] Somepeopleprefertocallerrorsmistakes.不懂裝懂。(rule=govern->governor總督/州長(zhǎng))ungovernable:adj.incapableofbeinggoverned,restrained,orcontrolled 難統(tǒng)治的;divide-and-rulepolicy分而治之的政策PhrasesandExpressionsabunchof:agrouporthingsgrowingclosetogether;clusterorclump一束comeacross:tomeetorfindbychance遇到confront;tocrossastreet/riverhitchto(stickto):tocontinuetodosomething;persist堅(jiān)持 [pin:(1)n.圖釘;(2)vt.釘；（3）寄托希望;pingsomehopesonsb.把希望寄托在某人身上]pindown:toknoworunderstandclearly;identify準(zhǔn)確知道，證實(shí) ReadingComprehensionI.Choosethebestforeachofthefollowing.1.Manyparentsbelievethatgivingthebabyanameisveryimportantbecause(C)A.onlyparentscannametheirbabiesB.thebaby-namingindustryisboomingC.namesareseentopredictthebabies'futureD.manyparentsdon'tliketheirownnames2.RobertnamedhislastchildLoserbecause (A)A.heseemedtobeinfluencedbythebooksabouthowtogivenamesB.hewasunhappyaboutthebabyC.helovedthisbabyverymuchD.hedidn'tlikethisbaby3.ThestoryofWinnerandLosersuggeststhat (D)A.anamecanindeedpredictaperson'sfutureB.anamecanpredicttheoppositefutureC.theygotthewrongnamesD.aperson'snameitselfisnotdecisive4.Theblackparentsgivetheirchildrensuperblacknamesbecause (B)A.theyareforbiddentogivetheirchildren"whitenames"B.theyjustfollowtheirblackcultureC.theydon'tacceptwhitepeopleD.theirchildrenlikesuperblacknames5.Thestudyofthetwoidenticalresumeswithonewhitenameandtheotheranimmigrantorminority-soundingnameshowsthat (B)A.whitepeoplearemorelovableB.therestillexistsracialdiscriminationC.resumesarefakeD.peopleliketomaketheirresumesmoreattractive.II. Completethefollowingsummaryofthetextbyfillingintheblankswithwords.Theinitialletterofeachwordhasbeengiventoyou.Anyparentwantstogivesomepositiveinfluenceonherchild'sfuture.Theparentalpoweris(1)manifest(isshowing)firstingivingthebabyaname.Manyparentsbelievethatnamesareseentocarrygreataestheticor(2)predictivepowers,sothebaby-namingindustryis(3)booming.ANewYorkCityman,RobertLane,influencedbythename'sbookend(end:result)effect[effective有效(達(dá)到預(yù)期的目的)<->efficiency效率(單位時(shí)間內(nèi)完成的工作量多)],calledhislasttwobabiesWinnerandLoser(4)respectively(分別).Whenthetwoboysgrewup,theirsituationswerequitedifferentfromwhattheirnamessuggested(implied):Loserwas(5)successfulbutWinnerwasinfacta(6)1oser(failure/wretch不幸的人)inlife.Fryer,ablackeconomiststudiesthe(7)disparity(difference)betweenblacksandwhites.Thestudyshowsthatblacksandwhiteswatchdifferent(8)televisionshows,smokedifferent(9)cigarettes,andevennametheirchildrenverydifferently.InFryer'sview,givingchildasuperblacknameisablackparent'ssignalofsolidarity(isolation孤單)withthecommunity.Sohowdoesitmatterifyouhaveaverywhitenameoraveryblackname?Thestudyoftwoidenticalresumeswithawhitenameandtheothernon-whitenameshowsthatpeoplewithwhitenamesalwaysgetmorejob(10)interviews.[方正Fountain(泉水)Stone;Killtwobirdswithonestone.一石二鳥(niǎo)/一箭雙雕]VocabularyI.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompleteseachsentence.1.Jonesis__C___asanovelist.A.boom B.(dome穹頂<->)doom(災(zāi)難)C.booming D.dooming2.Thegovernmenthas__B___toimprovinghealtheducation.A.promised B.committeditself(~oneselftosth.=taketheresponsibilityof承擔(dān)責(zé)任)C.planned D.intended3.Arailway__D___arrestedhim.A.detect B.detection C.detecting D.detective4.Eachrank(軍銜)inthearmyhasa __B___signtowear.A.distinction (n.) B.distinctive (different) C.distinguish(vt.區(qū)別于) D.distinctively(adv.)5.Thestoryoftheboy'sadventures__A___theirfriends.A.intrigued(arousetheinterestofsb.) B.introduced C.interest (n./vt.) D.interrupt(插入/插嘴)<->intervene干涉6.Hedeservedlongimprisonmentforhismany__A___. A.misdeeds(crimes) B.misfortune [(1)fortune=luck;(2)treasure:e.g.make/earnmoney->makeafortune發(fā)財(cái))C.mischief傷害 D.misery(n.悲慘->miserable;e.g.live/leadahappy/~life)7.Thejudgejailedtheyoung__B___forthirtydays.A.offend (vt.犯罪) B.offender(criminal罪犯) C.offence(n.犯罪) D.offensive(adj.得罪人的)8.Ican't__D___anydifferencebetweenthesecoins(硬幣).A.perfect [(1)完美無(wú)缺的;(2)vt.improve]B.perform(vt.)->performance(n.)C.perplex (vt.)使困惑=confuseD.perceive(vt.)understand知覺(jué)/理解9.Theywereessential(=mostimportant)totheeconomic__C___ofthecountry.A.prosper(vi.)B.prosperous (adj.) C.prosperity(n.)D.prosperously(add+verb->adv.副詞)10.Thegangcommittedseveral__A___crimes.[GangofFour四人班]A.outrageous B.outgoing(adj.外向的) C.outcome(=result) D.outright(adj./adv.Frank/frankly直率)II.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.academics aesthetic noteworthy fake mixup manifest obsessive segregation proliferation comeacross starkly resumes sheer ungovernable overone'shead1.Overthepasttwoyearswehavewitnessed(wit智慧；witness:證人/見(jiàn)證;eyewitnesses目擊證人；experienced)theproliferation(n.增加;increasing)ofTVchannels.2.Itriedtotakeinwhathewassayingabout(nu-:=new)nuclearfission(n.裂變),butmostofitwent(beyond)overmyhead(understanding).3.Thischairmaybeaestheticbutit'snotverycomfortable.4.Thepaintinglookedoldbutwasarecentfake.5.Hehasan obsession(著迷)withlookinggood.6.Shesentherresumetofiftycompanies,butdidn'tevengetaninterview.7.Theboy'sbad(behave->)behaviorisa manifestation(sign跡象)ofhisunhappiness.8.I cameacross(=meet)thisbookinanoldbookstore.9.Suchbehaviorwassheer(only/pure)(fool:n./vt.->foolish->)foolishness.10.Hemixeduptheaddressessothatnoonegottherightletters.TranslationPutthefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.Everygenerationseemstoproduceafewmarqueeacademicswhoadvancethethinkingonblackculture.RolandG.FryerJr.,theyoungblackeconomistwhoanalyzedthe"actingwhite"(模仿)phenomenonandtheblack-whitetestscoregap,maybeamongthenext(topic).Inadditiontoeconomicandsocialdisparitybetweenblacksandwhites,Fryerhadbecomeintriguedbythevirtualsegregationofculture.Blacksandwhiteswatchdifferenttelevisionshows.Theysmokedifferentcigarettes.Andblackparentsgivetheirchildrennamesthatarestarklydifferentfromwhitechildren's.參考譯文：幾乎每一代都會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些能夠推動(dòng)黑人文化研究的學(xué)者。黑人經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家小羅蘭德·弗立葉就是這些學(xué)者當(dāng)中的一位。正像我們前面談到的那樣，他曾經(jīng)分析過(guò)“模仿白人行為”和“黑人與白人之間的成績(jī)差異”問(wèn)題。除了黑人和白人之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)以及社會(huì)地位上的差距之外，弗立葉還對(duì)二者之間文化上的隔閡進(jìn)行了研究。黑人和白人喜歡看不同的電視節(jié)目。他們抽不同的香煙。而且黑人父母也往往會(huì)給孩子取一些截然不同于白人的名字。ExercisePuttheverbsinbracketsintoappropriateverbforms.1.Chinaencouragesforeigninvestorstobuild(build)highways(公路#free/expressway高速公路),bridgesandtunnels(隧道#channel渠道/頻道)eitherthroughjointventure(合資)orinsoleproprietorship(獨(dú)資).2.Iwouldlove(want)tohavegone(go)tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.3.TheimprovementofChina'scostalharborshascreatedfavorableconditionsforlargeAmericanships(hand->handle=load<->unload)tobehandled(handle)directly.4.Ratherthantravel(travel)byair,hepreferredatrainonhistour(n./vt.Travel;preferAtoB).5.Thisnovelissaidtohavebeentranslated(translate)intomorethantenlanguagesinthepastfewyears.6.Helookedtooyoungtohavebeenpublishing(publish)booksforsixyears.7.(mon/Ma=my;dame=wife)MadameCurieisbelievedtohavediscovered(discover)theradium(鐳).8.Eachofusshouldhavearoletoplay(toplayarole/part)inmaking