2024年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)06-形容詞和副詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)習(xí)題

考點(diǎn)6形容詞和副詞【中考考查重點(diǎn)】1. 形容詞詞義辨析；2. 形容詞短語(yǔ)搭配；3. 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；4. 副詞的基本用法；5. 副詞的分類；6. 易混淆的副詞用法辨析等一、形容詞（一）形容詞的分類分類說(shuō)明性質(zhì)形容詞用于表示人或物所具有的性質(zhì)。英語(yǔ)中大量形容詞屬于這一類，多數(shù)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，有程度大小的區(qū)別，可以使用程度副詞修飾。e.g.funny滑稽的，lovely可愛(ài)的，healthy健康的類別形容詞用于闡明人或事物所屬的特定類別。往往沒(méi)有程度大小區(qū)別、沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，而且不使用程度副詞修飾。e.g.financial經(jīng)濟(jì)的，mental腦力的，cultural文化的顏色形容詞表示事物顏色。沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。e.g.blue藍(lán)色的，green綠色的敘述形容詞這類形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，所以又稱為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾，大多數(shù)以a開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。e.g.afraid害怕的，alone單獨(dú)的，asleep睡著的，worth值得的，ill病的分詞形容詞有些表情感態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞，如excite，worry，其過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞可形容詞化，即相當(dāng)于形容詞。e.g.exciting令人興奮的，excited感到興奮的復(fù)合形容詞指的是由幾個(gè)詞共同構(gòu)成并起形容詞作用的詞。e.g.threeyearold三歲的，ordinarylooking相貌普通的，middleaged中年的（二）形容詞的句法功能成分說(shuō)明例句作定語(yǔ)一般放在所修飾詞的前面（也能后置）It’sacoldandwindydaytoday.今天是個(gè)寒冷有風(fēng)的天氣。作表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞的后面Helookshappytoday.他今天看上去很開(kāi)心。做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征，常和make，keep，have搭配使用Ithinkitimpossibleforhimtofinishtheworkbeforedark.我認(rèn)為他不可能在天黑之前完成這一工作。Wekeepourclassroomclean.我們保持教室整潔。作狀語(yǔ)主要表示原因、伴隨或方式Hungryandtired,Ihadtostoptohavearest.又累又餓，我只好停下來(lái)休息一天?！局R(shí)擴(kuò)展】形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，須放在其后。e.g.Thereisnothingimportantinthepaper.報(bào)上沒(méi)什么重要的事情。表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞，應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。e.g.Thebridgeisabouttwohundredmetreslong.這座橋長(zhǎng)約兩百米。多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的順序排列：限定詞（冠詞、數(shù)詞、代詞等）→描繪性形容詞→大、小(長(zhǎng)、短、高、低)形容詞→形狀形容詞→年齡(新、舊)形容詞→顏色形容詞、國(guó)籍形容詞、材料形容詞、用途(類別)形容詞、名詞?！翱谠E”：美小圓舊黃，法國(guó)木書(shū)房，e.g.一座古老的中國(guó)小石橋：AsmalloldChinesestonebridge。二、副詞（一）副詞的基本用法副詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句話的詞類，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。?Weshouldlistentoourteacherscarefully.我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽(tīng)老師講課。?Heisveryhappytoday.他今天非常高興。?＂Whathappened?＂Iasked,ratherangrily.＂發(fā)生什么事情了？＂我相當(dāng)生氣地問(wèn)。?Luckily,hewassavedfinally.幸運(yùn)的是他最終獲救了。（二）副詞的分類1、時(shí)間副詞：today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still（1）表示發(fā)生時(shí)間的副詞：?It’sbeginningtorainnow!現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始下雨了?。?）表示頻繁程度的副詞，也稱頻度副詞always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly等一般位于系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。?Sheoftenchangeshermind.她常改變主意。（3）還有一些其他表示時(shí)間的副詞：?Hehasjusthadanoperation.他剛動(dòng)過(guò)手術(shù)。2、地點(diǎn)副詞：here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home（1）直接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞：?Sheisstudyingabroad.她在國(guó)外留學(xué)。（2）還有一些部分與介詞同形的副詞。它們與介詞同形，后跟賓語(yǔ)的是介詞，否則是副詞：用作介詞：Standup!起立！用作副詞：Acatclimbedupthetree.貓爬上了樹(shù)。（3）以where構(gòu)成的副詞也是地點(diǎn)副詞：It’sthesameeverywhere.到處都一樣。3、方式副詞：well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly（1）方式副詞說(shuō)明行為方式：?Howbeautifullyyourwifedances.你夫人舞跳得真美。（2）還有的副詞表示某些情緒：?Shesmiledgratefully.她感激的笑了笑。（3）還有一些以ly結(jié)尾的副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的狀況：?Heleftthetownsecretly.他悄然離開(kāi)了這座城市。4、程度副詞：very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite5、頻度副詞：always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never6、疑問(wèn)副詞：where,how,why7、否定副詞：no,not,neither,nor8、其他副詞：also,too,only【知識(shí)擴(kuò)展】1、有些詞雖然是以ly結(jié)尾的，但卻是形容詞，e.g.lovely、lively、friendly、lonely、likely、ugly…2、有些詞既有形容詞詞性，又有副詞詞性，但不同詞性的意思不一樣；還有一些形容詞加上ly變副詞但詞義也發(fā)生了變化。adj.adv.+ly①hard努力的，辛苦的，艱難的，堅(jiān)硬的努力地，辛苦地，艱難地hardly幾乎不②pretty漂亮的非常，很③late晚的，遲的晚地，遲地lately近來(lái)，最近④early早的早地/⑤fast快的快地/⑥alone獨(dú)自一人的獨(dú)自一人地/⑦alive活著的//3、幾組常用的副詞辨析①already在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中只用于肯定句yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中用語(yǔ)否定句和疑問(wèn)句②so副詞詞性，在結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中后接形容詞和副詞such形容詞詞性，在結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中后接名詞③sometimes頻度副詞，表示“有時(shí)”sometime副詞詞性，表示“某個(gè)時(shí)候”sometimes“幾次，幾倍”sometime一段時(shí)間④toomuch“太多”，后接不可數(shù)名詞toomany“太多”后接可數(shù)名詞muchtoo“太”，相當(dāng)于very和quite⑤everyday“每天的”是形容詞everyday“每天”相當(dāng)于副詞做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)三、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成方式例詞規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)一般在詞尾加er，esthigh→higher→highest以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的詞，加r，starge→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicest以兩個(gè)輔元輔結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔音字母，再加er，estbig→bigger→biggestthin→thinner→thinnest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加er，estugly→uglier→ugliestbusy→busier→busiest少數(shù)以er或ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，詞尾加er，estnarrow→narrower→narrowestclever→cleverer→cleverest多音節(jié)其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞及分詞形容詞，在詞前加more，mostimportant→moreimportant→mostimportant不規(guī)則變化good/well→better→bestbad/ill,badly→worse→worstmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastfar→farther/further→farthest/furthestold→older/elder→oldest/eldest【知識(shí)擴(kuò)展】1、farther/farthest和further/furthest的區(qū)別：二者表示距離時(shí)，往往可互換，但是用于引申義，表示程度時(shí)，只能使用后者。Hecanthrowmuchfarther/furtherthanyou.他可以比你扔得遠(yuǎn)得多。HissuggestionisthatKateshouldbesentabroadforfurthereducation.他的建議是凱特被派往國(guó)外進(jìn)修。2、older/oldest和elder/eldest的區(qū)別：前者用于人或者物，可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，可與than連用，而后者主要用于家人之間，表明長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系，往往用于人，不用于物，而且只作定語(yǔ)不作表語(yǔ)，也不與than連用。I’mtwoyearsolderthanhim.我比他大兩歲。Hiselderbrotherworksinaclothingfactory.他哥哥在一家服裝廠工作。2、句式變化（1）比較級(jí)的特殊句式當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，其中A是主格，B是賓格e.g.Sheistallerthanme.可以用一些單詞或者短語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)，表示程度：abit，alittle，much，alot，far，rather，even，still，翻譯成“....得的多”以下詞只能修飾原級(jí)，不能修飾比較級(jí)：very，quite，so，too表示＂是幾倍，大幾歲，高幾厘米＂時(shí)，可用“倍數(shù)/數(shù)量詞+比較級(jí)+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。e.g.Ourroomistwicelargerthantheirs.我們的房間是他們的兩倍大?！氨容^級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”的句式當(dāng)前后兩個(gè)比較級(jí)相同時(shí)，表示“越來(lái)越怎樣”e.g.Thedayisbeingwarmerandwarmer.天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。當(dāng)前后兩個(gè)比較級(jí)不同時(shí)，表示“更…更…”e.g.Themoongotfullerandbigger.月亮變得更大更圓了?！癟he+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”，表示“越…越…”e.g.Themoreinformation，thebetter“as+形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+as”，表示“和…相同”，叫做同級(jí)比較e.g.Sheisastallasme其否定形式為notso/as…as，e.g.Hedoesn’tstudyso/ashardashisbrother.（2）最高級(jí)的特殊句式一般句式常和in/of/among連用，說(shuō)明比較的范圍e.g.Linglingisthetallestofthethreeoneofthe+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“最…的之一”當(dāng)形容詞最高級(jí)修飾名詞時(shí)，其前還可以加序數(shù)詞e.g.Itisthefastestandthesecondcheapest表示“第二便宜的”當(dāng)最高級(jí)前有物主代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)，定冠詞the省略，e.g.Mondayismybusiestday如果兩個(gè)最高級(jí)并列修飾同一個(gè)名詞，第二個(gè)最高級(jí)前的the省略。e.g.Heistheyoungestandtallestboyinmyclass最高級(jí)的意義還可以用比較級(jí)去表達(dá)e.g.NewYorkisbusierthananyothercityintheUS.紐約比美國(guó)任何其他城市都繁華。Nothingismoreenjoyablethanplayingtennis.沒(méi)有什么比打網(wǎng)球更享受。四、常見(jiàn)的形容詞和介詞搭配【about】beexcitedabout對(duì)…感到激動(dòng)behappyabout對(duì)…感到開(kāi)心bemadabout為…感到入迷beworriedabout為…擔(dān)心【at】begoodat擅長(zhǎng)…bemadat對(duì)……生氣besurprisedat對(duì)……感到驚訝

【for】befamousfor因…而著名begoodfor對(duì)…有益bebadfor對(duì)…有害belatefor遲到【from】beawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離…bedifferentfrom和…不同【in】beinterestedin

對(duì)……感興趣bestrictinsth.對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格【of】beafraidof害怕…becarefulof（about）

當(dāng)心，注意befullof充滿了…beproudof對(duì)……感到自豪【to】befamiliarto為…所熟系，befamousto為…所著名befriendly/kindto對(duì)……友好bepolite/impoliteto對(duì)…有（不）禮貌beharmfulto對(duì)…有害besimilarto和…相似【with】beangrywith對(duì)……生氣beboredwith對(duì)…厭煩bebusywith忙于…becarefulwith小心…、仔細(xì)…befamiliarwith熟系…bepleasedwith對(duì)…感到高興bepopularwith受……歡迎；besatisfiedwith對(duì)…感到滿意/高興bestrictwithsb.對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格???形容詞和副詞練習(xí)題???考點(diǎn)一形容詞（原級(jí)）一、單項(xiàng)選擇Tom'sgrownupquickly.Heisnearlyas__________asme.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallestTheChineselanguageismoreandmorepopular.Exactly!It'sbeinga__________languageskillintheinternationalmunity.A.similarB.difficultC.necessaryD.traditionalNothingis__________ifyouputyourheartintoit.A.impossibleB.usefulC.differentD.necessaryTheGreenslikethequietnessinthecountryside.Thecityistoo__________forthem.A.fortableB.dangerousC.noisyD.interestinglthinkitisagoodwaytostudyEnglishbywatchingEnglishmov1es.lagree.1findit__________toimprovemylistening.A.harmfulB.thankfulC.carefulD.helpfulIseveryoneheretoday?No.Twostudentsare__________becausetheyhaveacold.A.angryB.absentC.activeThe__________newsmadehim__________.Hedidn'tfallasleepuntilmidnight.excited;excitedB.exciting;excitingC.exciting;excitedD.excited;excitingHisgrandfatherdidhisbesttokeepthetree__________,butitdiedintheend.A.aliveB.asleepC.absentD.awake二、翻譯句子這個(gè)連衣裙太貴了所以我不想買。________________________________________________________________________吃太多的糖會(huì)使你發(fā)胖。________________________________________________________________________今年夏天我想去一個(gè)特殊而神奇的地方。________________________________________________________________________考點(diǎn)二形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇ElCapitan，about3,000feethigh，isoneoftheworld's__________mountainstoclimb.A.hardB.harderC.hardestD.thehardestThankstobetterhealthcare，morepeopleareliving__________livestodaythanbefore.A.longerB.richerC.busierD.easierTheteacherisgladtoseethatTonyis__________thanbefore.A.carefulB.morecarefulC.mostcarefulD.themostcarefulTheAdventuresofTomSawyeristhoughttobeoneof__________Americanstories.A.greatB.greaterC.greatestD.thegreatestProtectingourselvesisoneof__________thingswemustdo.A.importantB.moreimportantC.mostimportantD.themostimportantWhat'stheworld's__________mountain?MountQomolangma.A.lowerB.lowestC.higherD.highestldon'treallylikebigcities.NeitherdoI.Ifeelmuch__________inthecountryside.A.freeB.freerC.freestD.thefreestExcuseme,sir.Theshoesaresmallforme.Don'tworry.Iwillchangethemfora__________size.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.thelargest二、翻譯句子我認(rèn)為物理是最令人興奮的學(xué)科之一。________________________________________________________________________我相信我的英語(yǔ)會(huì)越來(lái)越好。________________________________________________________________________你越努力,你進(jìn)步就會(huì)越快。________________________________________________________________________長(zhǎng)江比中國(guó)的任何一條河都長(zhǎng)。________________________________________________________________________考點(diǎn)三副詞（原級(jí)）一、單項(xiàng)選擇Dad,you__________smilewhenItakephotosofyou.Youalwayslooksoserious.A.oftenB.sometimesC.alwaysD.neverBecausepeoplecanfindinformationontheInternet,knowledgespreads__________.A.quicklyB.loudlyC.hardlyD.nearlyThedancingteachergivesusinstructions__________untilweareperfectineverymove.A.patientlyB.quicklyC.bravelyD.suddenlyLily__________makesaspeechinfrontofsomanypeople.Shefeelsverynervous.A.oftenB.alwaysC.neverD.sometimesSueworks__________,sosheneverseemstomakemistakes.A.lateB.aloneC.happilyD.carefullyChinahasformedadeepfriendshipwithcountriesaroundtheworld.That'strue.Weareworking___________togetherinmanyfields.A.closelyB.nervouslyC.terriblyD.humorouslyAsmalltowninNorwaydoesn'tgetdirectsunshinefromlateSeptembertomidMarch—__________sixmonthsoutoftheyear.A.onlyB.hardlyC.clearlyD.nearlyTony,__________isthematch?It'snextSaturdayafternoon.Areyouing?A.whenB.whereC.howD.what二、翻譯句子游客們喜歡來(lái)大連,尤其是在夏天。________________________________________________________________________看!孩子們玩得多高興呀!________________________________________________________________________我?guī)缀醪幌嘈盼覀冋谑兄行?。________________________________________________________________________女孩跑得不如男孩快。________________________________________________________________________考點(diǎn)四副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇It'sunbelievablethatmountainscangrow.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,Qomolangmahasrisen__________.A.lowB.lowerC.highD.higherBilllives__________toschoolthanPeter.A.closeB.closedC.closerD.theclosestWeneedtodrivemore__________thanusualwhenwepassaschool.A.quicklyB.happilyC.slowlyD.politelyToday，withtheInternet，peoplecanmunicate_thaneverbefore.A.easilyB.moreeasilyC.mosteasilyD.themosteasilywe'rehappythatourcountryhasdeveloped__________theseyearsthanbefore.A.quicklyB.lessquicklyC.morequicklyD.mostquicklyWhat'sthebestmovietheatreintown?SunCinema.Youcansitthemost__________.A.widelyB.quietlyC.cheaplyD.fortableWiththehelpofBaiduMap，wecanfindtheway__________thanbefore.A.easilyB.moreeasilyC.mosteasilyD.themosteasilyMikelives__________fromschoolofallthestudents，sohealwaystakesabustoschool.A.farC.furtherD.thefartherB.farther二、翻譯句子Tom是我們班里跑得最快的男生之一。________________________________________________________________________每天我的同學(xué)們到校都比我早。________________________________________________________________________你賺的錢越多,花得越多。________________________________________________________________________綜合練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇Simonhasbeen__________schoolfor2days.What'swrongwithhim?It'ssaidthathehasacold.A.nervousaboutB.thirstyforC.absentfromD.worriedaboutMoreandmorepeoplehaverealisedthatclearwaterandgreenmountainsareas__________asmountainsofgoldandsilver.A.centralB.specialC.valuableD.clearElderbrother:Whichismuchbraver，thesunorthemoon,Tom?Youngerbrother:Ofcoursethemoon.Becauseitisn't__________thedark.A.harmfultoB.afraidofC.sureaboutD.hungryforIt'snot__________totalkwithyourmouthfull.A.boringB.politeC.terribleD.sleepyOpenthewindowandhavesome__________airin.Thereistoomuchsmokeintheroom.A.thinB.hotC.dirtyD.freshIfyouarelateforthemeeting，pleaseentertheroom__________.A.slowlyB.easilyC.loudlyD.quietlyRemembertogettothepoint.Themoreyoutalk,__________attentionhewillpaytoyou.A.thebiggerB.thefewerC.themoreD.theworseMrsSmithalwayswaits__________forstudentstoaskquestionsafterclass.A.patientlyB.quicklyC.luckilyD.deeplyEmmalovesanimalsandshelooksafterherpetdog__thanherfriends.A.carefullyB.morecarefullyC.mostcarefullyD.themostcarefullyHarryPotteris__________filmI'veeverseen.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest二、用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Hundredsofpeoplearecrowdingaroundthecinema.Iguessthefilmmustbe____________.(excite)Itrained____________lastnightandtheriverrose.(heavy)They____________publishedfindingsofastudyonthistopic.(recent)Chinah