2018年4月自考00596英語閱讀二試題及答案含解析

英語閱讀（二）年月真題

0059620184

1、【問答題】PassageOneTheupsanddownsoflifemayseemtohaveno

predictableplan.Butscientistsnowknowthereareverydefinitelifepatterns

thatalmostallpeopleshare.Today,whenwelive20yearslongerthanour

great-grandparents,andwhenwomenmysteriouslyoutlivemenbysevenyears,it

isclearerthaneverthatthe“gameoflife”isreallyagameoftrade-offs.

Asweage,wetradestrengthforingenuity,speedforthoroughness,andpassion

forreason.Theseexchangesmaynotalwaysseemfair,butateveryage,there

aresomeadvantages.Soitisreassuringtonotethatevenifyou’vepassed

someofyour“prime”,youstillhaveotherprimeyearstoexperienceinthe

future.Certainimportantprimesseemtopeaklaterintime.WHENAREYOU

HEALTHIEST?Formen,from15to25;forwomen15to30.“Amanisinhis

bestshapeinthedecadebeforeage25,”saysNewYorkinternistDr.Donald

Tomkins.“Hismusclesarefirmest,hisresistancetocoldsandinfectionsis

highest,andhisbodyismostefficientinutilizingnutrients.”Women,for

reasonsscientistsdonotunderstand,getafive-yearbonus.Peakhealthbegins

todeclinewhenthebodyprocesscalledanabolism（cellgrowth）isovertaken

bytheoppositeprocess,catabolism（celldeath）.“Cellshavebeendying

sincebirth,”saysTomkins,“butinourlate20’s,theystartdyingfaster

thantheyarereplaced.”Also,muscleisreplacedwithfat.Womenalsoget

anadditionalbonusofgoodhealthlaterinlife.ThefiguresofNational

InstituteofHealthshowthattheonsetofsuch“oldage”diseasesas

arthritis,rheumatism,andheartailmentsdeniesthegenerallygreaterfitness

ofwomen:Lifeexpectancyformenisnow68.3;forwomen75.9.U.S.aging

authorityWilliamKannelsays,“Olderwomenwithlowbloodpressure

arepracticallyimportant.”However,psychologistsbelievethatbyentering

thecompetitivejobmarketinincreasingnumbers,womenmayeventuallygive

uptheirstatisticaladvantage.WHENAREYOUMOSTCREATIVE?Generallybetween

30to39,butthepeakvarieswithdifferentprofessions.Mozartwrotea

symphonyandfoursonatasbyageeight,andMendelssohncomposedhisbest-known

work,AMidsummerNight'sDream,at17.PsychologistH.C.Lehmanpresentsthe

yearsforpeakworkinmanyfields.Thoughthepeakinmostfieldscomes

early—mostNobelPrizewinnersdidtheirtopresearchintheirlate20'sand

30’s——creativepeoplecontinuetoproducequalityworkthroughouttheir

lives.Questions1-5arebasedonPassageOne.

答案：1.C2.C3.B4.A5.C

2、【問答題】PassageTwoTheageofgildedyouthisover.Today'sunder-

thirtiesarethefirstgenerationforacenturywhocanexpectalowerliving

standardthantheirparents.Reseintothelifestyleandprospectsofpeople

bornsince1970showsthattheylikelytofacealifetimeoflongerworking

hours,lowerjobsecurityandhitaxesthanthepreviousgeneration.Whenthey

leaveworklateintheeveningtheywillbemorelikelytoreturntoasmall

rentedflatthantoahouseoftheirown.When,eventually,theyretwillbeon

pensionsfarlowerinrealtermsthanthoseoftheirimmediateforebears.The

findingsarerevealedinastudyofthewaytheagingofBritain’spopulation

affectingdifferentgenerations.AntheaTinker,professorofsocialgerontology

atKing’sCollegeLondon,whoearnedoutmuchofthework,saidthegrowthof

theproportionofpeopleover50hadreversedthetraditionalflowofwealth

fromoldertoyoungergenerations.“Today’soldermiddle-agedandelderly

arebecomingthenewwinners,’’shesaid.“Theymaderelatively

smallcontributionsintaxbutnowmakerelativelybigclaimsonthewelfare

system.Generationsborninthelastthreetofourdecadesfacetheprospect

ofhandingovermorethanathirdoftheirlifetime'searningstocarefor

them.”Thesurgingnumberofolderpeople,manylivingalone,hasalso

increaseddemandforpropertyandpusheduphouseprices.Whileprevious

generationsfounditeasytoraiseamortgage,todaysunder-thirtieshaveto

livewiththeirparentsorrent.Iftheycanaffordtobuyahomeitismore

likelytobeaflatthanahouse.LauraLenox-Conyngham,28,grewupinalarge

houseandhermotherdidnotneedtowork.Unlikeherwealthyparents,she

graduatedwithstudentandpostgraduateloandebtsof￡13,000.Shenowearns

about￡20,000ayear,preparingfoodtobephotographedformagazines.Herhome

isaone-bedroomflatincentralLondonandshesubletstheloungesofa-bedto

herbrother.“Myfathertookpityandpaidoffmystudentdebts,”shesaid.

“ButIstillhavenopensionandnochanceofbuyingapropertyforatleasta

coupleofyears—andthenitwillbesomethingsmallinabadarea.Myonly

hopeisthetraditionaloneofmeetingarichman.”Thinker’sresearch

revealsLenox-Gonynghamisrepresentativeofmanyyoungprofessionals,

especiallyinLondon,Manchester,EdinburghandBristol.Questions6-10are

basedoftPassageTwo.

答案：6.A7.B8.D9.D10.B

3、【問答題】PassageThreeDisillusionmentwithgovernmentandpoliticshas

contributedtothepublic’sfascinationwiththemediansincreasedinterestin

thecharacterissue.Thepublic'sgrowingconcernwithcharactermaybe

consideredinstinctual.Toooften,inrecentpast,votershavereachedoutto

candidateswithneatlypackagedvirtues—characteristicstheyoftenfailto

haveinreality.ThereisanotherreasonwhytheAmericanpeoplehave

“encouraged”themediatoexplorethepoliticiansasneverbefore.Political

partieshaveseldombeenmoreinterchangeable.Ideologicaldifferenceshave

becomeblurred.Andthenation’ssocialandeconomicproblemsaretoo

complicatedtosubmittocleverpoliticalslogans.Consequently,mostofthe

candidatesnowplayitsafeontheissues,relyingontheirrhetoricalskills

toproducethegreatestnumberofsoundbitesthatsayaslittleaspossible.

Thecharacterissuebecomesawaytosellcandidatesandtosetthemapartfrom

eachother.Theissueofthemediaandcharacterraisesanumberofimportant

questions.Hasthemediagonetoofarinattemptingtodefinewhatcharacteris

andwhatroleitshouldplayinidentifyingthedifferencesbetweenpolitical

candidates?Aretheprintmediaandtelevisionreallyrespondingtothe

public'sgrowingdesireforagreater“needtoknow”theircandidatesorare

theymanufacturingeverything,nomatterhowtrivial,inhopeofsellingmore

newspapersorachievinghigherratingpoints?Isthemediabeingresponsiblein

definingtheroleofcharacterinapoliticalcampaign?Thegreatamountof

coverageandtheintensifyingcompetitionamongthenewsorganizationshaveled

tomorereportsaboutthecandidates9personalandespeciallysexuallives,

sayspoliticalscienceprofessorLarrySabato,authorofFeedingFrenzy.As

thebiggermoreimportantissuesbecomeincreasinglymorecomplicated,the

mediahasbeguntofocusmoreandmoreattentiononthetrifles.Characterno

longerbecomesaquestionofhowacandidatemayhandleaninternationalcrisis

orprioritizeadomesticagendabutwhetherthecandidatecheatedona

collegeexamyearsagoorcommittedadultery.Byelevatingcharacterasan

importantelementinthepresidentialelection,hasthemedialostsightof

properlydefiningcharacterandtheroleitshouldplayinidentifyingthe

bestcandidate?Questions11-15arebasedonPassageThree.

答案：11.A12.C13.B14.A15.B

4、【問答題】PassageFourAsthefirstgenerationsgrowupinawiredworld,

teenagershardlyknowatimewhencomputersweren’taround,andtheyleapat

thechancetospendhoursonline,chattingwithfriendsandsearchingtheweb

fortheirinterestedtopics.Sowhat?Butresearchersnationwideare

increasinglyconcernedthatteenagersarebecomingmoreisolated,lessskillful

atinterpersonalrelationships,andperhapsnumbtothesmall-or-big

cheatingthatissomuchapartofthee-mailworld.Researchersareasking

justhowthefuturesofteenagersarechangedwhensomanyofthemarespending

hoursontheInterneteachday,replacingface-to-facecontactwith

computercontact.Teens,whousedcomputersevenjustafewhoursaweek,

showedincreasedsignsoflonelinessandsocialisolation.Theseteenshave

fewerfriendstohangaroundwith,possiblybecausetheircomputertimehas

replacedthehourstheywouldhavespentwithothers.Theydon'tseeanything

strangeinthefactthatthecomputerscreenoccupiesacentralplaceintheir

sociallives.Theythinkschoolisstressfulandbusy.There’salmostnotime

tojusthangout.Talkingonlineisjustcatch-uptime.Manyteensacknowledge

there’sanunrealqualitytotheircyberspacecommunication,includingtheir

oddshorthandterms,suchasPOS（parentovershoulder）orLOL（laughing

outloud）.Thiscodeisconsideredaspartoftheexclusivesharedlanguage

thatteenagerslove.Whenitcomestoe-mailexchanges,teensalsoshow

aremarkabletoleranceforeachother'sexcusesortricks.Norare

theysurprisedwhenamereacquaintanceunloadsapersonalsecretthroughe-

mail.Nobodyseemstoexpecttheonlineworldtobethesameasthereal

world.Teenssaytheyalsoappreciatetheabilitytoeditwhattheysayonline,

ortakethetimetothinkaboutaresponse.Ascowardlyasitmayseem,

someteensadmitthataskingsomeoneforadate,orbreakingup,canbeeasier

inmessageform.Buttheyinsistthere’snoharmintended,andcyberspace

hasbecomejustanothermedium,likethetelephone,intheworldof

teenagers.Questions16-20arebasedonPassageFour.

答案：16.D17.D18.A19.D20.C

5、【問答題】Notallkidsarecutoutforcollege,despitetheexpectationsof

theirparentsorteachers.Andespeciallyinthebravenewworldofthe

21stcentury,notallkidsneedtogotocollegerightafterhighschool—or

ever—tosucceed,saysJ.MichaelFarr,authorofAmerica’sTopJobsfor

PeopleWithoutaFour-YearDegree.Andchancesare,youwillneedtraining

afterhighschoolthroughsomeformofalternativecareereducation.Onlyfour

ofthefastestgrowingoccupationsintheUnitedStatesrequireafour-year

degreeormore,saysUnger,authorofButWhatifIDon'tWanttoGotoCollege?

Butmanyoftheothers—homehealthaides,buildingmaintenance,teaching

aides—requirepost-high-schooltraining.Whichvocationaleducationand

trainingyou'llneed—andthecost—dependsuponthevocationyouchoose.

Publiccommunitycollegesoffersomeofthebestvocationaltraining,often

specializinginareassuchasthegraphicarts,hotelandrestaurantmanagement,

andbuildingtrades,accordingtoUnger.Fulltimetuitionaverages$1,200a

year,althoughtherangefromstate-to-stateis$600to$3,500.Vocational

trainingattechnicalinstituteswillbecostlier.Privatejuniorcolleges

average$7,000ayear,accordingtoUnger.Tuitionforprivate-for-profittrade

schoolsthatusuallyspecializeinonefield,suchashair-stylingorauto

mechanics,varieswidely,andUngerwarnsstudentstobewaryofunethical

operators.Notjustanyvocationaleducationortrainingwilldo.Thetrick

istofindreputable,high-qualityprogramsandtoavoidconartistsanddead-

endprograms,advisesUnger.Lookforprogramsthatareaccredited,offerin-

depthacademicandvocationalinstruction,teachrealskillsforrealjobs,

providehands-onworkexperience,helpstudentsinjob-hunting,andarelinked

topotentialemployers.Toooften,Ungerargues,parentspushtheirreluctant

childrentogotocollege.Manydropout.“Weareforcinghundredsof

thousandsofkidstogotocollegeandtheyclearlydonotwanttobethere,”

hesays.Whatabouthighschoolgraduateswhodon'twantcollegeanddon'tknow

whattodonext?Startbyvisitingyourschoolguidanceofficeorlibraryto

thumbthroughTheOccupationalOutlookHandbookpublishedeverytwoyearsby

theU.S.LaborDepartment.Itoffersnuts-and-boltsdescriptionsofjobsand

thetrainingrequired.Thinkaboutwhatinterestsyou—sports,music,

gardening,whatever—andwhatjobsletyoupursuethatinterest,advisesUnger.

Visitpeoplewhodothesejobs.Askquestions.

答案：21.especially22.alternative23.degree24.aides25.vocition

26.specializing27.range28.institutes29.trick30.reputable31.accredited

32.potential33.reluctant34.descriptions35.pursure

6、【問答題】ParagraphOneFoodmarketingbringstogethertheproducerandthe

consumer.Themarketingofevenasinglefoodproductcanbeacomplicated

processinvolvingmanyproducersandcompanies.Thesebusinessesincludenot

onlychickenandvegetableprocessorsbutalsothecompaniesthattransport

theingredientsandthosewhoprintlabelsandmanufacturecans.36.Thec______of

activitiesinfoodmarketing.

答案：chain

解析：原文講的是食品營銷的一系列活動，涉及到生產(chǎn)者、公司、加工商、運輸商、商標

生產(chǎn)商、食品罐生產(chǎn)商。所以我們總結為食品營銷鏈，因此填chain。

7、【問答題】ParagraphTwoAsleadersandprofessionals,wearecalleduponto

beatourbestallofthetime.Notonlydoweneedtomaintainandimprove

personalperformance,butweasprojectmanagersandprogrammanagersare

frequentlyresponsiblefortheperformanceofothers.Onechallengeishowwe

managemanyofourpositiveandnegativefeelingsthatinevitablycomeourwayin

thecourseofourprofessionalendeavors.37.Leadersandprofessionalsshouldknow

howtoc______theirpersonalfeelings.

答案：control

解析：根據(jù)本段最后一句Onechallengeishowwemanagemanyofourpositiveand

negativefeelingsthatinevitablycomeourwayinthecourseofour

professionalendeavors.可知，作為領導人物的一個挑戰(zhàn)就是如何在完成專業(yè)大事中管理

必然會出現(xiàn)的積極和消極情緒。所以我們總結作為領導人物應該知道如何控制他們的感

受。因此填control。

8、【問答題】ParagraphThreeBothOxfordandCambridgeregularlycometopinany

rankingoftheworldsbestuniversities.Thetwouniversitiesbeganwithina

centuryofeachother.Unlikemostmodernuniversities,bothOxfordandCambridge

consistofalargenumberofcolleges.Throughthecenturies,bothuniversities

havemadehugecontributionstoBritishculturallife.Theyhaveproduced

greatwriters,worldleadersandpoliticians.38.Theg____ofOxfordand

Cambridge.

答案：greatness

解析：本段主要講述牛津大學和劍橋大學作為世界頂尖學府培養(yǎng)出了偉大的作家、領導者

和政治家，為英國文化做出了突出貢獻。所以我們總結為牛津大學和劍橋大學的偉大之

處。因此填greatness。

9、【問答題】ParagraphFourFromchildhoodBillGateswasintelligentand

competitive.Inschool,hehadexcellentrecordsinmathematicsandscience.It

wasaveryimportantdecisioninBill’slifethathisparentssenthimtoa

privateschool,anditwastherethathewasintroducedtoacomputer.BillGates

andhisfriendsformedthe''ProgrammersGroup”inlate1968.Inthenext

year,theygottheirfirstopportunityinInformationSciences.39.Theg____

ofBillGates.

答案：growth

解析：本段主要講述的是比爾蓋茨的成長經(jīng)歷，比如在上學期間擅長數(shù)學和科學，后來又

成立了“編程員小組”，再后來獲得了研究信息科學的機會等等。因此填growth。

10、【問答題】ParagraphFiveDoyoucheckyourworkemailswhenyou’reon

holiday?Doyoucallyourcolleaguestoaskwhat’shappeningintheofficeeven

onadayoff?Whenyouseenosignalonyourmobilephoneinabusyshopping

centreornowifiinthehotelbythebeach,willyougetanxious?40.Typical

signsofaw_____.

答案：workaholic

解析：本段問了一系列的問題，比如休假時你會不會查看電郵？休息日你會不會給同時打

電話問單位當天都發(fā)生了什么？在購物中心手機沒有信號或者在海灘的賓館沒有wifi，你

會不會焦慮？這些都是工作狂的典型標志。因此填workaholic。

11、【問答題】ParagraphSixThesinglelargestcauseofsickleaveintheUKis

notthecommoncoldorflu,butbackpain.Backpainaffectsoneinthree

Britishadults,andisnotoriouslydifficulttotreat.Traditionally,doctorsin

theUKhaveadvisedbackpainsuffererstodostretchingexercisesand

takepainkillerswhennecessary.Butnowanewsolution:acupuncturehas

beenofficiallyendorsedbytheNHS.41.B_____anditstreatments.

答案：Backache

解析：本段主要講的是后背疼很難治愈，在英國三分之一的成年人都飽受后背疼的困擾。

以前醫(yī)生會建議患者做伸展運動，必要時吃止疼片。而如今有了新的方法：針灸。因此本

段講的是后背疼極其治療方法。我們填Backache。

12、【問答題】ParagraphSevenDuringtelevision'sfirst20years,deafpeople

missedmostofthefun.Theycouldnothearwhatwasbeingsaidandhadtoguess.

Deafpeoplewhowatchedtelevisionlikedsportsandactionshows,butthey

weredisappointedwithotherprograms.Iftherewasalotofdialogue,even

themostskilledlip-readerscouldonlycatchpartofthetalking.42.Early

showsonTVf_____manydeafpeople.

答案：frustrated

解析：本段主要講的是在電視出現(xiàn)的前20年，電視節(jié)目沒有考慮到耳聾的觀眾，以至于

耳聾的觀眾失去了很多的看電視的樂趣。所以我們總結為早期的電視節(jié)目使很多耳聾觀眾

感到沮喪。因此我們填frustrated。

13、【問答題】ParagraphEightSummeristheidealtimeforoneofthegreat

outdooractivities,hiking.Itismuchmorethanjustagreatworkout.Youbreathe

inthefresh,cleanairwhilethecitylifeyouhaveenduredallweekjust

fadesaway.Whenhikinginthedeserts,yousuddenlyrealizethatlifeis

preciousandyouwillthinkdeeplyaboutyourlife.43.Hikingisab_____

activity.

答案：beneficial

解析：本段主要講的是遠足的好處。比如可以呼吸新鮮、干凈的空氣，忘卻紛繁的城市生

活?；蛘咴谏衬羞h足能夠頓悟到生命的可貴并深度思考生活的意義。所以我們總結為遠

足是一項有好處的活動。因此我們填beneficial。

14、【問答題】ParagraphNineItisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelike

withoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasesfor

thedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefound

inourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.44.

Thef_____ofmemory.

答案：function

解析：本段主要講的是記憶的作用，例如通過記憶，我們日常認知的意義、我們所做決定

的基礎、我們的習慣和技能的根源才能傳遞到今天。所以我們總結為記憶的功能。因此我

們填function。

15、【問答題】ParagraphTenMostcommutersinMunich,Germany,spendhoursstuck

intrafficortryingtosqueezeintooneoftheovercrowdedsubwaytrains,every

morning,butfor40-year-oldBenjaminDavid,commutingisactuallya

relaxingexperience.Everyday,hejumpsintotheIsarRiverandswimstwo

kilometerstohisworkplaceinKulturstrand.45.Adifferentwaytoa_____heavy

traffic.

答案：avoid

解析：本段主要講的是德國慕尼黑早高峰交通擁擠。四十歲的BenjaminDavid每天跳到

Isar河中，游2000英里，游到工作單位。所以我們總結為避免交通擁擠的別樣方法。因

此我們填avoid。

16、【問答題】Ifyou'remakingapresentationofanysort,beginpreparingas

faraheadoftimeaspossible.Twodaysbeforeyourpresentationisusuallytoo

latetogointotheringandcomeupwithawinningidea.46.（Prepareyourself

aswellasyourmaterial,givingspecialattentiontoyourvoice.Withenergy

andenthusiasminyourvoice,thelistenerssayahhh,tellmemore.You

readapproval.）Likeyourvoice,yourappearanceisacommunicationtool.For

example,ifyouareanimated,youaremostlikelytoseeanimatedlisteners.You

givetheaudiencethemessage:I,mgladI’mhere;I’mgladyou’rehere.47\.

（Yourapproachcan,infactbeapowerfulweaponfordeflectinghostility—from

anaudience,aninterviewer,anemployer.AbenevolentaspectsaysIunderstand

andconveysgoodwillandpositiveexpectations.Itworks.）However,don’t

everassumethatanaudience,aninterviewer,yourbosswillbesympathetic.

Alwaysbepreparedforagrilling.Thinkbeforehandofthetentoughestquestions

youcouldgetandbereadywithyouranswers.Andremember,whenyou’veaskeda

hostilequestion,nevershowhostilitytoyourquestioner.Ifyoudo,youlose.

Onceyou'repreparedforasituation,you're50percentoftheway

towardovercomingnervousness.48.（Theother50percentisthephysicaland

mentalcontrolofnervousness:adjustingyourattitudesoyouhaveconfidence,

andcontrolofyourselfandyouraudience.）Iwasinthetheaterformanyyears

andalwayswenttoworkwithterriblestagefright—untilIwasin“TheKingand

I”.Whilewaitingoffstageonenight,IsawYulBrynner,theshow^star,pushing

inalungingpositionagainstawall.Itlookedasthoughhewantedtoknockit

down.“Thishe