2022-2023學(xué)年河南省南陽(yáng)市高一（下）期末英語(yǔ)試卷（附答案詳解）

2022-2023學(xué)年河南省南陽(yáng)市高一（下）期末英語(yǔ)試卷

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）

A

Ifyouhadanextras100,howwouldyouuseittobringmorekindnessinyourcommunity?Ifyouhave

acreativeresponsetothatquestion,readourFAQbelowandapplyforourmonthlycontest.

Whatisit?

Kindness-In-Actionhelpsindividualsputkindnessideaintoaction.Peoplefromallaroundtheworld

submittheirideasonwhattheywoulddoiftheyhadanextra$100,andKindSpringselectsawinner

everymonth.

Howdoesitwork?

First,yousubmityouridea,andifitgetsselected,you'llhearfromoneofourvolunteerreviewersabout

settingupaphoneorSkypecall.Followingthat,we'llmailyouacheck,you'llhaveamonthtoimplement

（實(shí)施）theideainyourcommunity,andthenshareyourexperienceandphotoswiththeKindSpring

community.We*!!alsofeatureitinourmonthlynewsletterthatreachesmorethan100thousandpeoplein

150countries,sootherscansharetheideaandspreadmorelove!

Whatisthecriteriaforselection?

Yourpersonalintention,creativeuseofSmile.Cards,potentialrippleeffect（連鎖反應(yīng)）inthelocal

community,andthevotesfromtheKindSpringcommunity（existingmemberscanloginandvoteas

well）.Ultimately,wearetryingtoinspiresmall（notbig!）actsofkindness.

Howdidyoustart?

WereceivedanunexpecteddonationinMay.Toshareinthejoy,wepostedasmallblurbinouronline

communityaskingforideas.Inlessthancoupleweeks,morethan50ideasweresubmittedanddozensof

peoplehelpedusevaluatetheideasbyadding"smiles'1.OnJuly1st,weannouncedourfirstwinneranda

commitmenttocontinuethisexperiment.Theaimoftheexperimentcontinuestobe：Toinspirecreative

actsofkindnessinlocalcommunities,toempowerindividualstopracticegenerosity,tomodela

trust-drivephilanthropy（慈善事、業(yè)）,andtospreadgoodideas.

ClickHeretoApply.Orjoinourcommunityandhelpusselectthenextwinner.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Awinnerisselectedeveryyear.

B.OnlypeoplefromAmericacansubmittheirideas.

C.Anunexpectedactofkindnesscontributestoitsorigin.

D.Theoneselectedneedstousehisorherownmoneytoimplementtheidea.

2.What'sthepurposeofKindness-In-Action?

A.Tochoosemorewiseconsumers.

B.Topromoteinternationalcooperation.

C.Toarousepeopletoexpressthemselves.

D.Toencourageactsofkindnessandspreadgoodideas.

3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Aguidebook.C.Awebsite.D.Areport.

B

DuringtheyearsthatpassedfromIwasbomuntilmysiblings（兄弟姐妹）andmyselfmovedawayfrom

home,mymotherdidn'thaveajob.Ifshehadbeenaskedtofilloutaquestionnaireaboutherpersonaldata,

shewouldhaveleftthequestionEmployment'empty.Shebelievedthatherjobwastobeourmother-full

time.Thatwasthewayshehadchosenittobe.

Thereisanoldyellowedphotographofmymotherandfather,takenin1942,whentheywereontheir

honeymoon.Theyaresittingatatableinarestaurant.Inthephotomymotherlooksverybeautiful,I

think.Shewas23yearsoldthen.

WhenIlookatthephoto,Iseeawomanwhowouldhavehadanunlimitednumberofopportunitiesin

life.Sheismorethanjustpretty；itiscleartoseethatsheisbothintelligentandvivid.Iknowthatifshehad

puthermindtogettingacareer,thewholeworldwouldhavebeenatherfeet.Thestoryofheryouth

confirmsthis.Shegotabrilliantexaminoneofthefinestschoolsinthecountry.Infact,sheisthemost

intelligentpersonIknow.

Yetshehasalwaysconsideredherselfashousewifeandmother.Everyoneinthetownadmiredherforthe

greateffortsheputintocharitywork,butifsomeoneaskedherwhatshedidloralivingorwhoshewas,

sheansweredthatshewasRobertGreene'swife,andRobert's,Deborah'sandTimothy'smother.

Todaythereareprobablymanywomenwhowillseewhatshedidasawasteofmymother'sgood

abilities.Whyshouldanintelligentanddeterminedwomanbecontentwithmakingsoupandsandwiches?

Weallgothroughouradultlifewiththeconceptionthatwehaveneverbeenanythingbutfullydeveloped

grown-ups.Butanyofushavebeensmallchildrenonce,whohurriedhomefromschoolcompletely

assuredthatsomeonewaswaitingforusathome.Itmeantsomethingthenanditmeanssomething

today.AndIameternally（永恒地）gratefulthatthewomanintheyellowedphotographwaswaitingfor

me.

4.WhydidMomleavethequestionnEmployment"empty?

A.Becauseshecouldn'twrite.

B.Becauseshewasafulltimemother.

C.Becauseshecouldn'tfindajob.

D.Becauseshewasangryatthisquestion.

5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMom?

A.Diligentandstubborn.B.Beautifulandstrict.

C.Intelligentandselfless.D.Ambitiousandclever.

6.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Theauthorhastwosiblings.

B.TheauthorthinkshighlyofMom*sdevotion.

C.Beingafulltimemotherisawasteofability.

D.Anintelligentwomanshouldn'tbecontentwithcooking.

7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AnOldYellowedPhotograph.

B.TheMemoriesofMyFamily.

C.TheImportanceofSiblings'love.

D.TheStandardofBeingaGoodMother.

c

ResearchersatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityareproposinganadditionalwhitetrafficlightthatwillact

asasigntohumandriversandpassengersthattheyshouldfollowtheleadofself-drivingvehiclesmoving

throughcrossroads.

Drivingisfundamentallychanging.Inthefuture,humandriverswillbesharingtheroadwithautonomous

vehicles.Thetransition（轉(zhuǎn)變）toautonomousvehiclesisprogressingwitheachpassingyearandhumans

arenolongertheonlyonesdrivingcars.Thismakesiturgentfortrafficlightswithafourthcolorto

becomeareality.

ThewhitetrafficlightwouldbeequippedwithwirelessBluetoothtechnologyandwouldengagewhenthe

numberofautonomousvehiclesdrivingontheroadatanygiventimeexceedsacertainthreshold（閾

值）.Autonomousvehicleswouldbeincommunicationwitheachotherandwiththetrafficlightsat

crossroads,withinacertainrange.Anyhumandriversinthemixwouldbeinformedtofollowtheleadof

thevehicleinfrontofthemviathewhitelight：stopifitstops；continueifitcontinues.

Insimulationmodels,autonomousvehicleswereshowntoimprovetrafficflowontheirown.Thehigher

thepercentageofautonomousvehiclesatacrossroads,thefasterthetrafficmoved.nThewhitelightcanbe

usedtocoordinate（協(xié)調(diào)）trafficinanysituationinvolvingautonomousvehiclesandtellshumandrivers

what'sgoingon,sothattheyknowwhattheyaresupposedtodoastheyapproachthecrosswords,"says

civilengineerAliHajbabaie.

Asanexample,mostrecently,Tesla'sproblematicfull-self-drivingvehicleshavebeencriticizedaftera

carcrashedintoafiretruck.Consequently,thepotentialrisksmakeresearcherssuggestaddingafourth

colortotrafficlightsinthecomingyears.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordnthisninparagraph2referto?

A.Drivingalongtheroads.

B.Drivingthroughcrossroads.

C.Thetransitiontomanyhumandrivers.

D.Thetransitiontoautonomousvehicles.

9.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Howdriversreacttothetraffic.

B.Howthewhitetrafficlightworks.

C.HowBluetoothtechnologychanges.

D.Howautonomousvehiclescommunicatewitheachother.

10.WhyisthewhitelightusedaccordingtoAliHajbabaie?

A.Tocoordinatetraffic.B.Toslowtrafficflow.

C.Tostophumandrivers.D.ToControltrafficlights.

11.Whatisresearchers'attitudetowardsaddingafourthcolortotrafficlights?

A.Indifferent.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Favorable.

D

JustthreedaysafterbeingdiagnosedwithCOVID-19inSeptember2022,JoanneHortrealizedshe*dlost

hersenseofsmellwhenshecouldn'ttastesomeorangejuice."Ipanicked,andrantothebathroomand

startedtryingtosmellmyperfume,buttherewasnothing,"shesaid.Hortsexperienceisnowquitea

commonstory.

Around86percentofpeoplewhohavehadCOVID-19experienceachangeintheirsenseofsmell.For

most,it'sshort-livedbutforoneineveryfive,particularlytheover-40s,thedamagetakesoversixmonths

toresolve.

Thisepidemicofsmellloss,aconditionknowninmedicaltermsasanosmia（嗅覺缺失），hasfocused

attentionbackonthesensethatbiologistCharlesDarwinoncedescribedas"ofextremelyslightserviceto

mankind"Almost150yearsafterhesaidthat,wenowknowthatDarwinwaswrong-very

wrong.*'Researchhasdiscoveredmorethan600genesinthehumanbodyassociatedwiththesenseof

smell,“explainssensoryexpertProfessorEugeniRourafromAustralia'sUniversityof

Queensland.'Thafsaroundthreepercentofthewholegenome（基因組）associatedwithjustone

system.That'shugeandshowsthatthesenseofsmellisactuallyextremelyimportanttothehumanbody."

Sohowdowesmell?Ithappenswhenodourmoleculesintheairhitnervesintheliningofthenose.These

sendsignalstotheolfactoryorgan（嗅覺器官）,thepartofthebrainthatinterpretssmelLTheolfactory

organmakesuparoundfivepercentofthehumanbrain.It'sestimatedthatitcandiscriminatebetweena

milliondifferentodours,suchasvariousspices,sourness,sweetness,etc.Eachofushasauniquesense

ofsmellandthestrengthofouruniquesmellisrelatedtothegenes.Otherfactorsfurtherdeterminehow

sensitiveyoursenseofsmellis.

12.What'sthefunctionofparagraph1?

A.Introducingthetopicofthepassage.

B.Presentingauniquestatement.

C.Providingsomebackgroundinformation.

D.DescribingthepainfullifeofJoanne.

13.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?

A.CharlesDarwinisaterriblebiologist.

B.Senseofsmellisunimportanttoushumans.

C.EugeniRouraagreeswithDarwin'sopinionofsenseofsmell.

D.Manygenesinthehumanbodyareassociatedwiththesenseofsmell.

14.Whatdoestheunderlined\vordndiscriminate"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Recognize.B.Understand.C.Admire.D.Reflect.

15.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthenextparagraph?

A.Measurestoimprovethesensesystemofourbody.

B.Otherfactorsdeterminingthesensitivenessofoursenseofsmell.

C.Therelationshipbetweenouruniquesmellandthegenesinourbody.

D.Theolfactoryorgan'shugeinfluenceonourbrainsandnervesofthenose.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共12.5分)

TipsforFirst-TimeCampers

Natureprovidesforusinavarietyofways,whetherwerecognizethesegiftsornot.Butnatureisn'tjust

thereforustoexplore.(1).

BePrepared：WhattoTakeCamping

Whilethesaying"alwaysbeprepared"isanobleenoughguidelineforactivitieslikehikingandcamping,

sometimes,lessismore.Butdependingontheareawhereyou'restaying,theweathercanbeunpredictable,

(2).Havingasimplerepairkitandafirst-aidkitmaysaveyoufromminorheadachesand

injuries,aswilldoingyourhomeworkwhenplanningwheretogoandwhattotakecamping.

Ifyou'rehiking,besuretobringplentyofcleanwateralong,aswellasnutritiousfoodstokeepyou

going.Forcoffee,cheapinstantcoffeepacketscanlessenthemess.Youmayalsobeabletouserunning

waterorriverstonestokeepitemscoolerlonger(orsimplyuseathermos).

DoYourResearch

Becomefamiliarwithdifferenttreesandwhattheyoffer.Sometreesprovidewoodthat*sgoodfor

whittlingandmakingwalkingsticksandcanes.Somewoodisgoodforstartingfires,whileotherwoodis

goodforkeepingthemgoing.(3).Youcanusepineneedlesinteaorrubthemonyourskinif

you'retryingtobestealthywhilehuntingdeer.Ifyouspotelmtreesnearacreekorriver,youmaybeable

tofindthefamousmore1mushroomnearby-justmakesureyoucanpositivelyidentifythemushroomor

arewithsomeonewhocan!

(4).Someplaceschargeasmallfeetoparkorcamportheyrequireconservationfeestokeep

theareaclean.Dependingonwhereyoulive,youmaywanttoinvestinametaldetectororaboatforabit

ofadditionalfun.Youcanalsopurchaseafishinglicense,whichhelpskeepareascleanandlakesand

riversstockedwithfish.

(5)_______________

Idon'tliketohuntorparty；Ienjoysimplysittingonasandbaratdawn,watchingthemistrisefromthe

water.Iseeandhearallkindsofwildlife,suchasdeer,owls,bats,birds,squirrels,andbeavers.Ilisten

forthebeaversmakingsplashesatnightwiththeirwide,flattails.Ihearcoyoteshowlingatnighttoo.Fve

seencottonmouthsnakesandevenpanthertracks!!lovetheserenityandthesmallthrills,thekindsof

experiencesIwouldn*ttradeforanythingintheworld.

A.Gohunting

B.EnjoyNature

C.youmayhavetofinishyourhomework

D.andonesmallholeinyourtentcanleaveyouasleeplessmess

E.Whereveryoulive,thereareplentyoffreeareasyoucanvisit

F.Othertreesmayprovidenutsandfruits,suchaspecans,mulberries,andpersimmons

G.Byfollowingthesetipsforfirst-timecampers,anyonecanengagewithnatureinamoregratefulway

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)

Lifeisfullofupsanddowns,youmustunderstandthatyouwillsometimesfailatthingsanditisokay

whenthathappens.Frombeingakidtotransitioningintoa(an)(1),youwillfailatmany

thingsinlifebutthatwillonlytellyouaboutyourself.Youwillgettolearnaboutyourtrue(2),

thethingsyouaregoodat,andthethingsthatyouare(3).Wemustlearntoembracetheprocess

ratherthanrunfromit,onlythenwillwebeableto(4)ourgoalsinlife.

Letmetellyousomethingaboutmyself,andhowIfaced(5)inlife.Inmyearlyyearsatschool,

Ihadtroublewithsome(6),Iusedtogetreallybadgrades.SometimesIwouldgetanFandthat

wouldmakemereally(7),Iusedtothink：MWhatwillIshowmyparents?nSowhatIused

todowascoverthosegradesup.IwouldturntheFintoaBjustto(8)myparents,Atthe

beginning,everythingwentsmoothly,but(9),Iwascaughtdoingthat.Ilearnedalotafter

that,IknewthatIhadto(10)thatfailureandlearnfromit,andsomething(11)actually

camefromit.Istarteddoingbetterwithmygrades,thatFturnedintoaBnaturally,andthatBturnedinto

anA.

Wheneveryoufaceafailure,neverthinkthatyouarenevergoingto(12)fromthis,youmust

thinkofwaysto(13)yourself.DidyouknowthatittookThomasEdison10,000(14)

toperfectthelightbulb?BillGatesfailedmanytimes,evenhisfirstcompanywasacompletewreck.All

ofthisisproofthatwemustlearnfromourfailures,not(15)them!

21.A.figureB.adultC.clownD.conductor

22.A.strengthsB.componentsC.figuresD.symbols

23.A.accessibletoB.worthyofC.badatD.ashamedof

24.A.achieveB.performC.adaptD.flow

25.A.comediesB.fortunesC.elementsD.failures

26.A.imagesB.identitiesC.subjectsD.accounts

27.A.excitedB.scaredC.committedD.emotional

28.A.informB.pleaseC.winD.love

29.A.exactlyB.brieflyC.obviouslyD.eventually

30.A.acceptB.chargeC.selectD.trick

31.A.terribleB.objectiveC.wonderfulD.classical

32.A.showB.defendC.recoverD.disappoint

33.A.causeB.approveC.delayD.better

34.A.talentsB.contestsC.expressionsD.attempts

35.A.runfromB.jumpatC.screamatD.leavefor

四、語(yǔ)法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

36.AccordingtoareportbySouthChinaMorningPost,Chinaisplanningtolaunchahyperloop

(超級(jí)高鐵),alsoknownasasuper-highspeedpipelinemaglevsystemby2035.Iftheprojectgoes

as(1)(plan),thenewtrainwillbetheworlds(2)(fast)ground-based

transporttechnology.

Chineseauthoritieshaveannouncedthe(3)(approve)ofthecountry*sfirsthyperloop

line.Itslengthwillbe175kilometers,anditwillpassbetweenthecitiesofShanghai(4)

Hangzhou.Thesearetwokeymetropolitanareasforthecountry'seconomy.

Thedistancebetweenthesetwocitiescannowbecoveredinaboutthreehoursbycaroranhourby

high-speedtrain.However,thehyperloopcanreachspeedsofupto1000km/h,(5)means

thattheroutecan(6)(complete)injust15minutes.That'stwicefasterthancommercial

passengerplanesand10timesthantraditionalhigh-speedtrains.

TheproposedprojectwillmakeChinaoneof(7)pioneersinhyperlooptechnology,(8)

(allow)fastertravelbetweenseveralmajorcities.(9)(reduce)noiseand

pollutionlevels,thehyperloopprovidesahigh-securitylevelwithlowenergyconsumption.The

technologywill(10)(far)advanceChina*spositionasaleaderintransport.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、書面表達(dá)(本大題共2小題，共40.0分)

37.假定你是李華，得知你的英國(guó)好朋友Tom剛被北京大學(xué)中文系錄取，寫一封電了郵件

對(duì)他表示祝賀。

寫作內(nèi)容：（1）表示祝賀；

（2）肯定努力;

（3）表達(dá)祝愿。

注意：

（1）詞數(shù)100左右；

（2）可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

38.閱讀下面材料。根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

"Hurryupyouguys,oryou'llbelateforschool!'1calledMom.Wedasheddownstairsandhadaquick

breakfast.Iwaseatingmyfavorite一verysweetcereal,andSarawashavingeggs.WhenIroseto

havemybowlwashed,Momwhispered,"Youknowyouneedtobecautioustodaywhenyou're

walkingSaratoschool.Ifsyourjobtoassuremeshegetsthereallright."Thenshecastmeavery

seriouslook.Ithoughttomyself,wonderingwhyMomwasmakingsuchabigdealoutofthis.Iwas

Sara'sfirstdayofKindergarten,butIcouldmanageit.IwishMomwouldn'ttreatmelikesuchababy.

“Goodbye,Mom!"Sarayelled.Sheranoutthedoor,andIwentbehindher.

"Becareful!"mymomyelled.

"Iwill!"Isaidbackandranoutside.Sarawasskippingdownthefrontwalkwaytothesidewalk.

IgrabbedSara'shand.MAreyoueagerandexcitedforyourfirstdayofschool?MIasked,tryingto

soundlikeagrown-up.Sarasmiledandnoddedherheadyes.Meanwhile,mymomwasstaringatus

throughthewindow."Whenwillshestoptreatingmelikealittlekid?"Ithought."Filshowyouthe

way."Isaid,Ifeltproudtobetheeldersister.Wewalkedpastbeautifulgardensandbig,leafy

trees.Suddenly,Iheardagrowlandsawadogwalkingtowardsus.Hewasbigandfiercelookingwith

longsharpteeth."GRRR!!!"thedoggrowled.Ididn'tseeitsowneroranyonewhocouldhelpus.My

handbecamesweatyandSarastoppedwalking."I'mscared,Julie,"shesaid.Ididn'twanthertobe

scared.Iwantedtoseembrave.''Everythingwillbeokay,"Isaid.

"GRRR!!!"Thedogsteppedcloserandwecouldseeitwasthesizeofasmallhorse-withredeyes

andsharpteeth.

注意：

續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;

Iwastryingtomakemyvoicesoundcalm.

ItoldMomwhathadhappened.

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、D、C

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Howdidyoustart?部分

WereceivedanunexpecteddonationinMay.Toshareinthejoy,

wepostedasmallblurbinouronlinecommunityaskingforideas.（五月份我們收到了一筆意想不到的

捐款。為了分享這一喜悅，我們?cè)谖覀兊脑诰€社區(qū)發(fā)布了一篇簡(jiǎn)短的宣傳文章，征求意見。）可

知我們能從文中了解到一個(gè)意想不到的善舉促成了它的起源。故選C?

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Howdidyoustart?部分Theaimoftheexperimentcontinuestobe：

Toinspirecreativeactsofkindnessinlocalcommunities,toempowerindividualstopracticegenerosity,

tomodelatrust-drivephilanthropy（慈善事業(yè)），andtospreadgoodideas.（實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的仍然是:在

當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)激發(fā)創(chuàng)造性的善良行為，賦予個(gè)人實(shí)踐慷慨的權(quán)力，樹立信任驅(qū)動(dòng)的慈善事業(yè)的典范，

并傳播好的想法。）可知善在行動(dòng)的目的是鼓勵(lì)善良的行為，傳播好的思想。故選D。

（3）文章出處題。根據(jù)最后一段ClickHeretoApply.（點(diǎn)擊這里申請(qǐng)。）可知這篇文章可能取自

一個(gè)網(wǎng)站。故選C。

這篇短文主要介紹了一個(gè)名為“Kindness-In-Action”的活動(dòng)，該活動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)人們用額外的100美元在

社區(qū)中傳播更多的善意。參與者需要提交自己的創(chuàng)意，如果被選中，將有機(jī)會(huì)獲得獎(jiǎng)金并在社區(qū)

中實(shí)施自己的創(chuàng)意?；顒?dòng)的目標(biāo)是激勵(lì)人們進(jìn)行小而有創(chuàng)意的善舉，通過(guò)郵件和社區(qū)分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)和

照片，以及在月度通訊中展示獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叩膭?chuàng)意。參與者的個(gè)人意圖、對(duì)Smile.Cards的創(chuàng)造性使用、

對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的潛在影響以及KindSpring社區(qū)的投票都是選擇的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該活動(dòng)始于一個(gè)意外的捐贈(zèng),

通過(guò)在線社區(qū)征集創(chuàng)意，并通過(guò)評(píng)估和投票選出獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。讀者可以點(diǎn)擊鏈接申請(qǐng)參與活動(dòng)或加入

社區(qū)幫助選出下一個(gè)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)摺?/p>

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)

句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。

4~7.【答案】B、C、B、A

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段

Ifshehadbeenaskedtofilloutaquestionnaireaboutherpersonaldata,

shewouldhaveleftthequestion'Employment'empty.Shebelievedthatherjobwastobeourmother-full

lime.（如果她被要求填寫一份關(guān)于她的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)的問卷，她會(huì)把“就業(yè)”這個(gè)問題留空。她相信她

的工作是全職做我們的母親。）可知，媽媽空著“就業(yè)”這個(gè)問題，因?yàn)樗侨殝寢?。故選B。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Sheismorethanjustpretty；

itiscleartoseethatsheisbothintelligentandvivid.（她不僅僅是漂亮顯而易見，她既聰明又生動(dòng)。）

還有第四段

Yetshehasalwaysconsideredherselfashousewifeandmother.Everyoneinthetownadmiredherforth

egreateffortsheputintocharitywork（然而，她一直認(rèn)為自己是家里的妻子和母親。鎮(zhèn)上的每個(gè)人

都?xì)J佩她為慈善事業(yè)所做的巨大努力）可知作者的媽媽是A.Diligentandstubborn勤奮的和固執(zhí)的；

B.Beautifulandstrict美麗的和嚴(yán)格的；C.Intelligentandselfless勤奮的和無(wú)私的；

0.Ambitiousandclever有野心的和聰明的。故選Co

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段AndIameternally（永恒

地）gratefulthatthewomanintheyellowedphotographwaswaitingforme.（我永遠(yuǎn)感激黃照片中的

那個(gè)女人在等我。）可知作者對(duì)媽媽的奉獻(xiàn)高度評(píng)價(jià)。故選B。

（4）標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)全文和第二段Thereisanoldyellowedphotographofmymotherandfather,

takenin1942,

whentheywereontheirhoneymoon.Theyaresittingatatableinarestaurant.Inthephotomymotherlo

oksverybeautiful,Ithink.Shewas23yearsoldthen.（有一張我母親和父親的黃照片，拍攝于1942

年，當(dāng)時(shí)他們正在度蜜月。他們坐在一家餐廳的桌子旁。我想，照片中我母親看起來(lái)很漂亮。當(dāng)

時(shí)她23歲。）和最后一段AndIameternally（永恒

地）gratefulthatthewomanintheyellowedphotographwaswaitingforme.（我永遠(yuǎn)感激黃照片中的

那個(gè)女人在等我。）可知，作者通過(guò)一張老照片回憶自己聰明的和無(wú)私的媽媽。

AnOldYellowedPhotograph.（一張老照片。）是最合適的標(biāo)題。故選A。

本文為記敘文。這段短文主要寫了作者的母親選擇成為全職母親的故事。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)

句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得

出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

8?11.【答案】D、B、A、D

【解析】（1）代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段中Thetransition（轉(zhuǎn)

變）toautonomousvehiclesisprogressingwitheachpassingyearandhumansarenolongertheonlyo

nesdrivingcars.（向自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的過(guò)渡正在逐年推進(jìn)，人類不再是唯一駕駛汽車的人）可知，上

文講的是向自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的過(guò)渡，所以劃線詞this指代的是向自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的過(guò)渡。故選D。

（2）段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中

ThewhitetrafficlightwouldbeequippedwithwirelessBluetoothtechnologyandwouldengagewhenth

enumberofautonomousvehiclesdrivingontheroadatanygiventimeexceedsacertainthreshold（白色

紅綠燈將配備無(wú)線藍(lán)牙技術(shù)，當(dāng)任何特定時(shí)間在路上行駛的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車數(shù)量超過(guò)一定閾值時(shí)，

紅綠燈就會(huì)亮起）以及

Anyhumandriversinthemixwouldbeinformedtofollowtheleadofthevehicleinfrontofthemviath

ewhitelight：stopifitstops；continueifitcontinues（混合車流中的任何人類駕駛員都將被通知通

過(guò)白色紅綠燈跟隨前方車輛：如果車輛停止，則停車如果繼續(xù)，則繼續(xù)）可推理出，本段主要講

的是白色紅綠燈的運(yùn)作原理。故選B。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Thewhitelightcanbeusedtocoordinate（協(xié)

調(diào)）trafficinanysituationinvolvingautonomousvehiclesandtellshumandriverswhat'sgoingon,

sothattheyknowwhattheyaresupposedtodoastheyapproachthecrosswords（在任何涉及自動(dòng)駕駛

汽車的情況下，白色紅綠燈都可以用來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)交通，并告訴人類駕駛員發(fā)生了什么，這樣他們就知

道在接近路口時(shí)應(yīng)該做什么）可知，白色紅綠燈可用于協(xié)調(diào)交通。故選A。

（4）觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段

Tesla'sproblematicfull-self-drivingvehicleshavebeencriticizedafteracarcrashedintoafiretruck.Con

sequently.

thepotentialrisksmakeresearcherssuggestaddingafourthcolortotrafficlightsinthecomingyears（特

斯拉有問題的全自動(dòng)駕駛汽車在一輛汽車撞上消防車后受到批評(píng)。因此，潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)使研究人員

建議在未來(lái)幾年為紅綠燈增加第四種顏色）可知，特斯拉的交通事故使得人們認(rèn)為有必要在未來(lái)

幾年為紅綠燈增加第四種顏色,可推理出研究人員對(duì)安裝第四種紅綠燈的態(tài)度是支持的。故選D。

該短文主要介紹了北卡羅來(lái)納州立大學(xué)的研究人員提出了一種額外的白色交通信號(hào)燈，用于告知

人類駕駛員和乘客應(yīng)該跟隨自動(dòng)駕駛車輛通過(guò)十字路口。未來(lái)，人類駕駛員將與自動(dòng)駕駛車輛共

享道路，因此需要引入第四種顏色的交通信號(hào)燈。這種白色交通信號(hào)燈將配備無(wú)線藍(lán)牙技術(shù)，當(dāng)

道路上的自動(dòng)駕駛車輛數(shù)量超過(guò)一定閾值時(shí)，它將啟動(dòng)。模擬模型顯示，自動(dòng)駕駛車輛可以提高

交通流量。因此，研究人員建議在未來(lái)幾年將第四種顏色添加到交通信號(hào)燈中，以減少潛在的風(fēng)

險(xiǎn)。

根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，準(zhǔn)確定位有效信息并進(jìn)行適度加工，是解答本題的關(guān)鍵。

12~15.【答案】A、D、A、B

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段

JoanneHortrealizedshe'dlosthersenseofsmellwhenshecouldn'ttastesomeorangejuice（喬安妮?霍

特意識(shí)到，當(dāng)她嘗不到橙汁時(shí)，她失去了嗅覺）、第三段

That'shugeandshowsthatthesenseofsmellisactuallyextremelyimportanttothehumanbody（這是

巨大的，表明嗅覺實(shí)際上對(duì)人體極其重要）以及最后一段

"Eachofushasauniquesenseofsmellandthestrengthofouruniquesmellisrelatedtothegenes（我們

每個(gè)人都有獨(dú)特的嗅覺，我們獨(dú)特嗅覺的強(qiáng)度與基因有關(guān)）"可知，第一段的主要作用是引入文章

的主題，故選A。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段That'saroundthreepercentofthewholegenome（基因

組）associatedwithjustonesystem.That'shugeandshowsthatthesenseofsmellisactuallyextremely

importanttothehumanbody."（這大約占整個(gè)基因組的3%,只與一個(gè)系統(tǒng)相關(guān)。這是巨大的，表

明嗅覺實(shí)際上對(duì)人體極其重要）可知，人體中的許多基因都與嗅覺有關(guān)，故選D。

（3）詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段劃線詞下文betweenamilliondifferentodours,suchasvariousspices,

sourness,sweetness,etc（……一百萬(wàn)種不同的氣味之間,如各種香料、酸味、甜味等）可推理出

劃線詞的含義為"識(shí)別"，A.Recognize識(shí)別；B.Understand理解；C.Admire欽佩；D.Reflect反射。

故選Ao

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句

Otherfactorsfurtherdeterminehowsensitiveyoursenseofsmellis（更多的其他因素決定了你的嗅覺

有多靈敏）可推理出，接下來(lái)要討論的是決定我們嗅覺靈敏度的其他因素，故選B。

這篇短文主要講述了C0VID-19疫情期間，許多人失去嗅覺的現(xiàn)象。大約86%的感染者會(huì)出現(xiàn)嗅

覺變化，其中五分之一的人需要超過(guò)六個(gè)月才能恢復(fù)。這種嗅覺喪失的流行現(xiàn)象引起了人們對(duì)嗅

覺的關(guān)注，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)人體與嗅覺有關(guān)的基因超過(guò)600個(gè)，顯示出嗅覺對(duì)人體非常重要。嗅覺是

通過(guò)空氣中的氣味分子刺激鼻子內(nèi)壁