高一英語必修3-Unit-4-Astronomy-the-scien

高一英語必修3Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars人教試驗(yàn)版【本講教化信息】一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容必修3Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（一）重點(diǎn)單詞（二）重點(diǎn)短語（三）重（難）點(diǎn)句型二、學(xué)問精講（一）重點(diǎn)單詞1.systemn.[c]系統(tǒng)；體系；制度systematicadj.Hecreatedanewsystemofteachingforeignlanguages.他創(chuàng)建了一種新的外語教學(xué)體系。Thenewsystemhashadadisastrouseffectonproductivity.新制度對生產(chǎn)率產(chǎn)生了災(zāi)難性的影響。Toomuchalcoholisbadforthesystem.過量飲酒對身體有害。theoryn.學(xué)說；理論theoreticadj.Therearemanytheoriesabouttheoriginoflife.關(guān)于生命起源的學(xué)說有許多。Inthiswaytheycanbetterapplytheorytopractice.這樣他們就能更好地把理論運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中去。Yourplansoundsfineintheoryitdoesn’tworkinpractice.你的支配在理論上聽起來不錯(cuò)，但在實(shí)踐中無法實(shí)施。2.violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；粗暴的violencen.Theyarelaunchingaviolentattackontheenemy.他們對敵人綻開了猛烈的進(jìn)攻。Theclasswasshockedbyhisviolentlanguage.全班同學(xué)對他激烈的言辭感到震驚。Childrenshouldnotbeallowedtowatchviolentmovies.不應(yīng)允許兒童看暴力電影。Theyoungmanwaschargedwithrobberywithviolence.這個(gè)年輕人被控暴力搶劫。3.unlike（1）prep.與……不像，與……不同Unlikehisbrother,hehasasenseofhumor.與他的兄弟不同，他很有幽默感。It’sunlikeyounottosayhello.連招呼都不打，這可不像是你（的作風(fēng)）。（2）adj.不同的,相異的,不相像的Theygiveunlikeaccountsoftheincident.他們對這件事的描述各不相同。4.fundamentaladj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的；必要的Thereisafundamentaldifferenceinattitudebetweenthetwopoliticians.這兩位政治家的看法有著根本區(qū)分。Freshairisfundamentaltogoodhealth.簇新空氣對健康是不行缺少的。5.harmfuladj.對……有害的harmlessadj.Itisobviousthatsmokingisharmfultohealth.很明顯，吸煙對健康有害。學(xué)問拓展harmn.損害,危害,損害；vt.(使)受到損害,損害Excessivedrinkingwillbeharmfultoyou./doyouharm./doharmtoyou./harmyou.過量飲酒對身體有害。6.existvi.存在；生存existencen.存在Mancan’texistwithoutoxygen.人沒有氧氣就不能生存。IcanhardlyexistonthewageI’mgetting.我靠我掙的工資簡直難以糊口。Thereexistsagoodwaytosolvetheexistingproblem.有一個(gè)解決目前問題的好方法。Nooneknowshowthisworldcameintoexistence。沒有人知道這個(gè)世界是怎樣形成的。7.puzzle（1）n.謎，難題；令人費(fèi)解的事[人]Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome.他們?yōu)槭裁锤赡羌氯耘f讓我費(fèi)解。It’saquitepuzzletouswhyhedidit.他為何做這樣的事，我們完全搞不懂。（2）vi.&vt.(使)迷惑；（使）犯難Whatpuzzledmewaswhytheydidn’ttakeheradvice.他們?yōu)槭裁床唤邮芩慕ㄗh，這使我大惑不解。學(xué)問拓展puzzling令人困惑的puzzled感到困惑的Wefeltpuzzledatthesepuzzlingquestions.我們對這些令人困惑的問題感到茫然。即學(xué)即用①Atlast,Imadeupmymindtospeakthetruth______ofthewholeclass.A.inthepresent B.atthepresentC.inthepresence D.atthepresence②Theyhada______quarrelandJohnstormedout.A.violent B.cruel C.strong C.harmful③Hisnewnovelis______allhispreviousones.A.unlike B.notlikely C.unlikely D.likely④Judgingfromhis______look,thisproblemmustbequite______.A.puzzling;puzzling B.puzzled;puzzledC.puzzling;puzzled D.puzzled;puzzling⑤Wedon’townthebuilding._____,itwouldbeimpossibleforustomakeanymajorchangestoit.A.Thus B.Yet C.Still D.Even⑥Astrangevirusstruckmycomputer_____sothatitbrokedown.A.design B.system C.theory D.instrument⑦Atruckwentoutofcontroland______intothebackofabus.A.cracked B.crashed C.broke D.burst⑧Scientistsarenotsureaboutthe_____ofwateronMars.A.appearance B.existence C.connection D.possibility（二）重點(diǎn)短語1.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.最終產(chǎn)生了碳、氮?dú)?、水蒸氣和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層?！鱥ntime剛好；最終；遲早Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.假如堅(jiān)持下去，你遲早會勝利的。Thestormwastostopintimebeforethesportsmeeting.暴風(fēng)雨最終在運(yùn)動(dòng)會起先前停下來了。Hemanagedtosendthetouriststotheairportintime.他設(shè)法把游客剛好送到了機(jī)場。Thedoctorcameintimetosavehislife.醫(yī)生剛好趕到救了他的命。Willwebeintimeforthesixo’clocktrain?我們來得及趕上六點(diǎn)鐘的那趟火車嗎？學(xué)問拓展常與time搭配的短語還有Thecompanyfiredhimfornotcomingtoworkontime.那家公司因他不按時(shí)上班而解雇了他。I’llbebackinnotime.我立刻就回來。Takethepillstwoatatime.每次服兩粒。Hewasatonetimeaprofessorinthatuniversity.他一度是那所高校的教授。Everyonemaymakemistakesattimes.每個(gè)人都會時(shí)常的犯錯(cuò)誤。Theyfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.他們提前完成了工作。She’sstayingwithherauntforthetimebeing.她短暫住在她姨媽那里。Takeyourtimepacking,forwestillhaveoneandahalfhour.漸漸整理你的行李,我們還有一個(gè)半小時(shí)的時(shí)間。2.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，他們接著成為了這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物。△inone’sturn輪到某人；接著Tomorrow,inhisturn,hewillbeonduty.明天輪到他值班了。學(xué)問拓展常與turn搭配的短語還有：Wedrovethecarbyturns/inturn.=Wetookturnstodrivethecar.我們輪番開車。Alltheoriesarederivedfrompracticeandinturnservepractice.全部理論來源于實(shí)踐，并反過來為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。It’smyturntogiveaspeechtoday.今日輪到我發(fā)言了。3.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingtheearthintospace.△prevent…from阻擋，制止Noonecanpreventtheplanfrombeingcarriedout.誰也不能阻擋這個(gè)支配的實(shí)施。Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow’sgame.他背部的傷可能使他參與不了明天的競賽。學(xué)問拓展“阻擋某人干某事”常見的英語表達(dá)法：Doctorstookactiontoprevent/stop/keepthediseasefromspreading.=Thediseaseisprevented/stopped/keptfromspreading.醫(yī)生實(shí)行措施防止這種疾病的擴(kuò)散。留意:prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可以省略,keepsb.fromdoingsth.中的from不行省略；但如在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，三個(gè)詞組中的from都不行以省略.辨析：prevent…from/protect…fromHeputonhissunglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.他戴上太陽鏡愛護(hù)眼睛不受強(qiáng)光的損害。4.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.所以在將來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上持續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問題能否得到解決?！鱠ependon/upon取決于、依靠、信任、信任Alllivingthingsdependonthesunfortheirgrowth.萬物生長靠太陽。Whetherthegamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.競賽是否實(shí)行要視天氣狀況而定。Wecandependonhimforhelp.我們可以希望他幫忙。Youcandependonmetogo/mygoingtherewithyou.你可以希望我和你一起去那里。Youcandependonitthathewillhelpus.你要信任他會幫我們的。學(xué)問拓展It/That(all)depends.很難說，視狀況而定—Willyoucomebackthisafternoon?你今日下午回來嗎？—Italldepends.說不準(zhǔn)。5.Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomingsmallerandthemoonlarger.我立即歡呼起來，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著地球越來越小，而月球越來越大。△cheerup(使)興奮起來,(使)振作起來Thenewscheeredhimup.這消息使他興奮起來。Cheerup!Itcan’tbeasbadasallthat.振作起來!狀況不會那么糟。WeallcheeredupatthenewsofthesuccessfullaunchingofChang’e=1\*ROMANI.聽到嫦娥一號放射勝利的消息，我們都?xì)g呼起來。學(xué)問拓展Thecrowdcheeredtherunnerson.人群對跑步者高喊加油。6.Walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.既然重力變更了，走路也的確須要練一練了?！鱪owthat既然，由于，引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句。that可以省略Nowthatyouhavefinishedyourwork,you’dbetterhavearest.既然你的工作已經(jīng)做完了，你最好休息一下。Nowthatyouareready,let’sstartoffatonce.既然你已經(jīng)打算好了，讓我們立即動(dòng)身吧。學(xué)問拓展Sinceeverybodyishere,wewillbeginthemeeting.既然大家都來了，我們起先開會。7.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipasthegravityincreased.我們驚異地看到，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起來?！鱞reakout突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)Afirebrokeoutinhishouselastnight.昨天夜里他家發(fā)生了一起火災(zāi)。TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinSeptember1939.其次次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于1939年9月。學(xué)問拓展辨析breakout/happen/takeplace/occur/comeaboutbreakout多用于表示斗爭、火災(zāi)、疾病、疫情的突然爆發(fā)。happen一般用語，表示所發(fā)生的事帶有偶然性、意外性，可用于happentodo結(jié)構(gòu)。takeplace強(qiáng)調(diào)必定性或按支配、支配發(fā)生。occur為正式用語，指詳細(xì)事物時(shí)可以與happen互換，另外occur有“突然想起”之意。Whateverhappens,wemustkeepcalm.不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都應(yīng)保持鎮(zhèn)靜。Thewarbetweenthetwocountriesbrokeoutatlast.