2024年中考英語閱讀理解技巧

中考英語閱讀理解必考題型方法+真題訓(xùn)練細(xì)節(jié)理解題題型概述細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對閱讀材料中某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。考查主要分為兩種情況：一是直接細(xì)節(jié)類，其答案幾乎可以直接從原文中找出來，考生只要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞與原文進(jìn)行對照，就能找到答案；二是隱含細(xì)節(jié)類，這類題雖然不能直接從原文中找到對應(yīng)的詞或短語，但考生可根據(jù)文章的隱含意義，如原因、前提或結(jié)果等仔細(xì)推敲，得出正確答案。解題方法劃關(guān)鍵詞定答題區(qū)間找選項(xiàng)：a.完全對應(yīng)b.同義替換真題訓(xùn)練1.TheschoolbusdriverlearnedaboutDawn’ssituationandinvitedDawntomoveinwithherfamily.Soon,DawnhadajobatBurnsHighSchool.Sheworkedfrom6a.m.to7:40a.m.beforethefirstschoolbellrang.Shesweptfloorsandpickeduptrashagainintheafternoons,beforediving(跳水)intoherstudiesintheevenings.WhohelpedDawnwhenshefoundherselfhomeless?（）A.Herteachers.B.Herneighbors.C.ATigerMom.D.Aschoolbusdriver.2.IamTurere.IefromKitengela,afarmingmunityontheedge(邊緣)ofNairobiNationalParkofKenya(肯尼亞).Sincetheageofnine,Ihavehelpedtolookaftermyfamily’scows.Asachild,inmyfreetime,Ienjoyedplayingwithelectronics.Imademyowninventions,suchaselectronictoysfromcarpartsandotherthings.Ialsobuiltotherelectronicdevices(儀器)formyneighbors.WhatwasTurereinterestedinwhenhewasachild?（）A.Trickingtheneighbors.B.Lookingaftercows.C.Playingwithelectronics.D.Makingcarparts.3.Oneday,whilewalkingdownacountryroad,Doynesawalittlegirlbreakinguprocks.Shesoonlearnedthat7-year-oldHimasoldtherockstosupportherfamily.Withdeepsadness,shedecidedtopayHima’stuition(學(xué)費(fèi))forschool.Encouragedbythechangesinthechild,Doynethought,“Ifwecanhelponechild,whynot10？”WhydidHimabreakuptherocks?（）A.Todophysicalexercise.B.Tobuildanewschool.C.Togetmoneyforherfamily.D.Torepairthecountryroad.4.Thereweremanybooksintheshop.Mr.Brownwasveryhappythatallthebooksintheshopwerewrittenbyhim.“Wherearetheotherwriters’books？”heaskedthemanintheshop.Themanlookedupathimandanswered,“Oh,theyareallsoldout.”AllthebooksintheshopwerewrittenbyMr.Brownbecause___．A.themanintheshoponlylikedhisbooksB.themanintheshopwasMr.Brown’sfriendC.hisbookswerebetterthantheotherwriters’D.theotherwriters’bookswereallsoldout推理判斷題題型概述此類試題要求考生對文章中的內(nèi)容及作者的思路做出合理的判斷和推理，也就是要運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力推出蘊(yùn)含在文章中卻沒有明說的事實(shí)及暗示的含義。解題方法針對特定細(xì)節(jié)信息進(jìn)行推理此類試題要求考生根據(jù)語篇中具體的內(nèi)容和信息點(diǎn)，推斷出文章中具體的細(xì)節(jié)。解答此類試題時(shí)，一般可根據(jù)短文所提供的某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理和判斷。常見設(shè)問方式：Wecaninfer/conclude/learnfromthepassagethat......Thepassage/author/paragraphimplies......對作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、傾向、語氣的判斷根據(jù)文章所提供的背景、人的表情、動(dòng)作和語言進(jìn)行推斷。另外，作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度在文章的首段或尾段一般表現(xiàn)得最為明顯。考生要重點(diǎn)理解首尾段，提煉作者的觀點(diǎn)。常見設(shè)問方式：Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards...a)positivesupportiveagreeoptimistic......b)negativedisagreecriticaldoubtful......c)objectiveuncertainHowdidthewriterfeelabout......根據(jù)文章體裁和內(nèi)容判斷文章出處此類題目可以根據(jù)文章的用詞和格式，推斷文章的出處。如：報(bào)紙前會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱；廣告的用詞和格式都很特殊。常見設(shè)問方式：Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom......真題訓(xùn)練1.Adoctorenteredthehospitalhurriedlyafterbeingcalledinforanimportantsurgery(外科手術(shù)).Hefoundtheboy’sfatherinthehallwaitingworriedly.Onseeinghim,thefathercriedout,“Whydidyoutakeallthistimetoe?Don’tyouknowthatmysonisindanger?Don’tyouhaveanysenseofduty？”Thedoctorsmiledandsaid,“Iamsorry.Iwasn’tinthehospitalandIcameasfastasIcouldafterreceivingthecallandnow,Iwishyou’dcalmdownsothatIcandomywork.”Thefathershoutedatthedoctorbecausehethought_______．A.hehadwaitedtoolongB.noonecaredforhissonC.thedoctorwascoldtohimD.thesurgerytookalongtime2.ThisiswhyIamwritingtoyoufrommyhospitalbedwithtwobrokenlegsandaweakhead.IdidnotwinanythingattheOlympicsafterall.Ineedthefactorytobuildmetwonewlegsandanevenbiggerhead.ThenIwillbeabletopeteoncemore.Let’shopeforgreatersuccessinthenextOlympics!Howishefeelingnow?（）A.Fullofhope.B.Unsureabouthimself.C.Heart-broken.D.Satisfiedwithhisresultthisyear.3.“Couldn’thewaitsomeminutessothatIcanaskaboutmyson’sstate？”shoutedthefatherwhenseeingthenurseminutesafterthedoctorleft.Thenurseanswered,tearsingdownherface.“Hissondiedyesterdayinaroadaccident.Hewasattheburial(葬禮)whenwecalledhimforyourson’ssurgery.Andnowthathesavedyourson’slife,heleftrunningtofinishhisson’sburial.”Howmightthefatherfeelafterheknewthetruth?（）Angry. B.Excited.C.Sorry. D.Doubtful.詞義猜測題題型概述此類題目在設(shè)置時(shí)，需要猜測的詞匯大都為生難詞匯?？忌枰攸c(diǎn)掌握根據(jù)上下文推測生詞或短語意思的技巧。常見的設(shè)問方式:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“XXX”meaninChinese/thepassage？Thewordrefersto/probablymeans...解題方法通過定義或釋義關(guān)系猜測詞義定義或解釋形式多樣，常由thatis(tosay),inotherwords,call,mean,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas等詞匯或破折號(hào)來表示。通過舉例猜測詞義恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠?yàn)椴聹y生詞提供重要的線索。比如根據(jù)suchas,forexample,like等詞的前后，或者是破折號(hào)前后的內(nèi)容來猜測劃線詞的意思。通過同義詞或近義詞猜測詞義在文章中，有時(shí)作者為了避免重復(fù)，或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)同一事物的不同種類，使用同義詞或近義詞。在這種情況下，我們就可以利用同義詞或近義詞的關(guān)系由熟悉的詞語來推測不熟悉詞語的含義。通過同義詞或近義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happyandgay，即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是“愉快的”的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞。通過上下文語境猜測詞義根據(jù)上下文語境暗示，運(yùn)用邏輯推理來猜測生詞詞義通過生活常識(shí)猜測詞義有些生詞我們可以利用科普知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)推測其含義。已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)或常識(shí)，往往會(huì)給閱讀后的理解提供有力的支持。借助于已有的，推測陌生的，這就上升到了能力的提高，使生詞的破解成為了可能。真題訓(xùn)練Sometimes,studentsaregivenextendedlearningtasks.Thatmeanstheyneedtodomoreresearchandanalysis(分析).Buthoweverbigataskis,teachersalwaysgivefeedback(反饋)tohelpstudentsfindtheareaswheretheycanimprove.Theunderlinedword“extended”inthisparagraphprobablymeans________．?dāng)U展的B.特別的C.困難的D.實(shí)用的2.Forexample,imagineyouareacookandmustservedinnerto100guests.Howshouldyoudivideyourresourcessothatyoucangetthejobdonemostefficiently(高效地)?Insituationslikethis,theabilitytothinklogicallywillgetyoutoareasonableanswerandsolveyourproblem.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resources”meaninthepassage?（）科目B.效率C.信息D.資源3.Forsome,thisresearchmaybecalming.Itisgoodtoknowthatourbrainis“l(fā)ookingoutforus”inanewplace.Butitmaynothelpwithsleep.Thatbrainactivity,atleastaccordingtothisnewresearch,makesithardertogetthesleeppeopleneedtowakeupwellrestedinthemorning.Theunderlinedword“calming”hastheclosestmeaningto“____”．pleasingB.differentC.seriousD.strangeThepenisveryutilitarian.Wecannotsignabillorwritealetterorbuyahousewithoutourpen.Anagreementisworthlesstillournameiswrittenwithapen.Thewritersencouragetheworldwithit.Thestudentstaketheirexaminationswithitaswell.Theunderlinedword“utilitarian”inthepassagemeans“________”．cheapB.boringC.specialD.useful5.Workwithaveteranvolunteer.Hevolunteeredalot,hecanhelpyouincreasetheconfidenceandpletelyunderstandtheorganization’sexpectations.Theunderlinedword“veteran”inthepassagemeans“________”．politeB.humorousC.youngD.experienced6.ButAdamsbelievedthatpeopleinhospitalneedmorethanmedicine.Hesawunhappyandlonelypeople,andhetriedtohelpthemaspatients,butaspeople,too.Hespentalotoftimewithchildreninthehospital,andoftenputaspecialrednoseonhisfacetolooklikeaclownandtomakethechildrenlaugh.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clown”inthispassageprobablymean?（）木偶B.小丑C.外星人D.蜘蛛俠主旨大意題題型概述主旨大意題要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對文章內(nèi)容或段落內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納、概括或評價(jià)。解答這類題目時(shí)，不能只憑文中的只言片語就斷章取義。在涉及文章的主題(mainidea)、結(jié)論(conclusion)、結(jié)局(end)等有關(guān)問題時(shí)，需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)的語言知識(shí)、背景知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)等進(jìn)行邏輯推理和判斷，從而挖掘出文章中隱含的信息。常見設(shè)問方式Whatdoesthetext/passage(mainly)tellus?Whatisthetextmainlyabout？Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout？Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus？真題訓(xùn)練1.MrBrownisascienceteacher.Onedayhewantedtoshowsomethingimportanttohisstudents.Theteachertookalargemouthbottle.①Heaskedtheclass，"Isthebottlefullnow?"Theyallreplied，"Yes!"Theteacherthentooksomesmallrocksandputthemintothebottle.②Thesmallrockswentintothespacesbetweenthebigrocks.Hethenasked，"Isitfull?"Thistimesomestudentsdidn'tgiveananswer,butmostreplied,"Yes!"Theteacherthenstartedtodropsomesandintothebottle.Thesandfilledupthespacesbetweenthesmallrocks.③Forthethirdtime，theteacherasked,"Isitfull?"Nowmoststudentsweredoubting，butstill，somereplied，"Yes!"Thentheteacherbroughtoutacupofwaterintothebottle.④"What'sthepointofthisshow?"askedtheteacher.Onebrightstudentanswered，"Nomatterhowbusyyouare，youcanalwaysfindtimetodosomemorethings.""No，"saidtheteacher."Thepointisthatifyoudon'tplacethebigrocksintothebottlefirst，you'llnevergetthemin.Thebigrocksaretheimportantthingsinyourlife.Ifyoufillyourlifewithsmallthingsasshownbythesmallrocks，thesandandthewateryou'llneverhavethetimefortheimportantthings."Fromthepassage，welearnthat（）.A.youshoulddosmallthingsfirstinyourlifeB.youshoulddoimportantthingsandsmallthingsatthesametimeC.youcanalwaysfindtimetodosomemorethingsifyouwanttodothemD.you'llneverhavetimeforsomethingimportantifyourlifeisfilledwithsmallthings2.Somefriendsinviteyouoverandserveyouadeliciousdinner.Someonelendsyouhiscarwhilethere'ssomethingwrongwithyours.Youaresick,andafriendbringsyouamealandcaresforyou.Howdoyoushowyourgratitude(感謝)?Sometimessimplysayingthankyouisenough.Atothertimes,itisthoughtfultosaythankyouinamoredifferentway.Besuretotellthatpersonwhatyouaregratefulforandwhyyouaregrateful.Herearesomemonwaystosaythankyou.Youcanwriteathank－younote.Peopleareverybusythesedays.Ahandwrittennoteshowsyoutookthetimetotellsomeoneyouaregratefultohimorher.Or