環(huán)境學(xué)智慧樹知到期末考試答案2024年

環(huán)境學(xué)智慧樹知到期末考試答案2024年環(huán)境學(xué)Whichisthechemicalindexofwaterquality?()

A:CODB:TemperatureC:SmelltasteD:Bacteria答案:CODWhichistheconsumerinanecosystem?（）

A:GrassesB:BacteriaC:AlgeaD:human答案:humanDesertsoilisa().

A:SoilstructureB:SoiltypeC:SoiltextureD:Soilprofile答案:Soiltypewhichisthephysicalindexofwaterquality?()

A:TOCB:ColorC:TODD:pHvalue答案:ColorArelationshipbetweenorganismsinwhichoneorganismbenefitswhiletheotherisnotaffectedis.（）

A:CommensalismB:MutualismC:ParasitismD:competition答案:CommensalismWhichisaterrestrialecosystem?（）

A:WetlandsB:streamC:LakeD:Mountain答案:MountainWhichisnotinvolvedinnitrogencycle?（）

A:NitrogengasB:RabbitsC:PlantsD:Carbondioxide答案:CarbondioxideWhichisthefeatureoftropicalrainforest?（）

A:MorerainfallB:DryC:BiodiversityislowD:Cold答案:MorerainfallWhichisnotinvolvedinphosphoruscycle?（）

A:NitrifyingbacteriaB:RockerosionC:PlantsD:Animals答案:NitrifyingbacteriaWhenenergyistransferredfromonetrophicleveltothenexthighertrophiclevel,oftheenergyislost.（）

A:90%B:80%C:60%D:70%答案:90%Whichisthebiologicalindexofwaterquality?()

A:TotalbacteriaB:DOC:BODD:Heavymetal答案:TotalbacteriaWhichofthefollowingenergysourcesistherenewableenergysource?（）

A:NuclearenergyB:OilC:SolarenergyD:Coal答案:SolarenergyHowtopreservebiodiversity?()

A:DeforestationB:OverfishingC:HabitatanalysisandmanagementD:IntroductionofexoticSpecies答案:HabitatanalysisandmanagementInasoilprofile,whichhorizonhasthemaximumbiologicalactivity?()

A:Alayer(surfacesoil)B:RlayerC:Blayer(subsoil)D:Elayer答案:Alayer(surfacesoil)Whichisthedirectvalueofbiodiversity?()

A:ClilmateservicesB:ProvidefoodforhumanC:ErosioncontrolD:Ethicalvalue答案:ProvidefoodforhumanSuccessionthatbeginswithbaremineralsurfacesorwaterandtotallackoforganismsiscalled____________.()

A:evolutionB:secondarySuccessionC:ecosystemD:primarySuccession答案:primarySuccessionThefollowingtermsthatarenotrelatedtotheecologyinclude______________________.（）

A:speciesB:ecosystemC:individualorganismsD:resource答案:resourceAcomplexsetofinteractionsbetweenanorganismanditssurroundingsisanorganism’s_______________().

A:environmentB:biomeC:habitatD:ecologicalniche答案:ecologicalnicheThesamespeciesusingthesameresource.Thisis________________.()

A:interspecificcompetitionB:predationC:commensalismD:intraspecificcompetition答案:intraspecificcompetitionExponentialgrowthphaseisthestageonatypicalpopulationgrowthcurvewhentheoffspringofaspeciesbegintomateandhaveyoungwhiletheparentsmaybeproducingasecondsetofoffspring,whichresultsinapopulationincreaseata(an)_______________rate.（）

A:decreasingB:constantC:stableD:accelerating答案:acceleratingThebioticthingsofecosysteminclude_____________.（）

A:waterB:predationC:sunlightD:weather答案:predationEcosystemservicesvaluesdon’tinclude______________()

A:soilformationB:NutrientcyclingC:recreationD:agriculture答案:agricultureItemsconsideredinriskmanagementdonotinclude:__________()

A:howmuchriskisacceptableB:probabilityC:moralsD:costs答案:moralsEcosystemdirecteconomicvaluesdon’tinclude______________()

A:agricultureB:Habitat/RefugesC:fisheriesD:forestry答案:Habitat/RefugesInaspecies__________.()

A:theindividualsmakeupthewholepopulationofanecosystemB:allliveinthesameplaceC:thereisonlyasingleindividualD:theindividualscanmatesuccessfullywithoneanother答案:theindividualscanmatesuccessfullywithoneanotherInanecosystem,thenutrientscomefromenvironmentandbecometheorganism’spartofbodyforashorttime.Thecommonnutrientsinclude____________.()

A:phosphorusB:carbonC:nitrogenD:sun答案:sunLifeCycleAnalysisistheprocessofassessing________________associatedwiththeproduction,use,reuse,anddisposalofaproductoveritsentireusefullife.()

A:environmentaleffectsB:economicbenefitsC:economicinfluencesD:socialinfluence答案:environmentaleffectsThenutrientcyclesbetweenthelivingandnonlivingpartsofanecosystemarecalled______________.（）

A:BiogeochemicalCyclesB:physicalcyclesC:chemicalcyclesD:biologicalcycle答案:BiogeochemicalCyclesPopulationarealltheorganismsofthe__________kindwithinaspecificgeographicregion.（）

A:sameB:NoneoftheaboveC:allvarietyofD:different答案:sameSpeciationistheproductionofnewfrompreviouslyexistingspecies_________.（）

A:plantB:speciesC:microorganismD:animal答案:speciesCommensalismistherelationshipbetweenorganismsinwhichoneorganismbenefitswhiletheotheris___________.()

A:damagedB:muchaffectedC:hurtD:notaffected答案:notaffectedClimaxcommunityistherelative______________communitythattheresultofsuccession.()

A:stableandconstantB:stableandlargeC:stableandlong-lastingD:stableandshort-term答案:stableandlong-lastingTwomainnon-biologicalfactorsdeterminingbiomesare____________.()

A:temperatureandprecipitationB:temperatureandwastedisposalC:wastedisposalandenergyD:energyandrawmaterials答案:temperatureandprecipitationBiomesisthe______________withwidegeographicdistribution.（）

A:terrestrialclimaxcommunitiesB:terrestrialprimarycommunitiesC:aquaticprimarycommunitiesD:aquaticclimaxcommunities答案:terrestrialclimaxcommunitiesHabitatcanbestbedefinedas________________.()

A:TheplaceanorganismlivesB:AlloftheaboveC:ThestudyofhoworganismsinteractwiththeirenvironmentD:Theassessmentofwhatanorganismneedstosurvive答案:TheplaceanorganismlivesExternalcostsarebestdefinedas________________.()

A:ThosecostsbornebysomeonewhousesaresourceoranindustrythatproducesaproductB:NoneoftheaboveC:ThosecostsassociatedwithindustrialproductionD:Thosecoststhatarechargedbybankstooutsideagencies答案:ThosecostsbornebysomeonewhousesaresourceoranindustrythatproducesaproductTheconceptofcarrycapacityisthe__________populationforaspeciesinanarea.（）

A:suitablesustaniableB:maximumsustainableC:organismsD:minorsustainable答案:maximumsustainableThemainactivitiesofpreservingbiodiversitydon’tinclude______________()

A:SustainableManagementofFishPopulationB:SustainableManagementofWildlifePopulationC:LegalProtectionD:huntingandfishing答案:huntingandfishingTheIUCN(國際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟)estimatesthatabout80to90percentofthreatenedspeciesareunderthreatbecauseof______________()

A:habitatlossorfragmentationB:introductionofexoticspecies,C:predatorandpestcontrolactivitiesD:overexploitation,答案:habitatlossorfragmentationThepopulationgrowthcurveconsistof___________.()

A:tableequilibriumphase.B:lagphaseC:crashphaseD:exponentialgrowthphase答案:lagphase###exponentialgrowthphase###tableequilibriumphaseSomeimportantcharacteristicsofpopulationinclude___________.()

A:geneticsB:densityandspatialdistribution.C:sexratioandagedistribution,D:natalityandmortality答案:genetics###natalityandmortality###sexratioandagedistribution###densityandspatialdistributionEvolutionarypatternsinclude_______________.().

A:speciationB:coevolutionC:predationD:extinction答案:speciation###extinction###coevolutionCarboncycleistheprocessandpathwaysinvolvedincapturinginorganiccarbon-containingmolecules,convertingthemintoorganicmoleculesthatareusedbyorganisms,andtheultimatereleaseofinorganic（）

A:錯B:對答案:對Environmentisbioticthingsthataffectanorganismduringitslifetime.（）

A:對B:錯答案:錯Carboncycleistheprocessandpathwaysinvolvedincapturinginorganiccarbon-containingmolecules,convertingthemintoorganicmoleculesthatareusedbyorganisms,andtheultimatereleaseofinorganic（）

A:對B:錯答案:對Thepopulationgrowthrateisthebirthrateminusthedeathrate.（）

A:對B:錯答案:對Threatenedspeciesarethespeciesthatcouldbecomeextinctifacriticalfactorintheirenvironmentwerechanged.（）

A:對B:錯答案:對Mutationsarechangesinthegeneticinformationofanorganism.（）

A:錯B:對答案:對Nitrogen-fixingbacteriaisveryimportantfornitrogencycles.（）

A:錯B:對答案:對Inacommunity,somespeciesplayminorroles,whileothersplayimportantroles.（）

A:對B:錯答案:對Taxonomicrichnessmeansthenumberofdifferenttaxonomiccategoriesofthespeciespresent.（）

A:對B:錯答案:對itisnecessarytoaddressenvironmentalproblembyusingtheecologicalmethodsincenearlyallenvironmentproblemssuchaspollution,climatechange,resourcedepletionandbiodiversitylossarerelatedtoecologicalenvironment.（）

A:對B:錯答案:對Atpresent,extinctionandbiodiversitylossareamajorconsequenceofhumandominationoftheearth.（）

A:對B:錯答案:對Migratorybirdsarethebirdsthatcanflythousandsofkilometersand,therefore,cantravelnorthinthespringandreturntothesouthintheautumn.（）

A:錯B:對答案:對Environmentalresistanceisthecombinationoffactorsthatsetsthecarryingcapacityforanarea,suchastheavailabilityofrawmaterialsandenergy,theaccumulationofwasteproducts,andinteractionsamongorganisms.（）

A:錯誤B:正確答案:正確Populationdensityisthenumberofpeopleperunitoflandarea,whichrelatesthesizeofthepopulationtotheresourcesavailable.（）

A:錯B:對答案:對Thecompetitiveexclusionprinciplemeansthatnotwospeciescanoccupythesameecologicalnicheinthesameplaceatthesametime.（）

A:錯B:對答案:對Trophicleveliseachstepintheflowofenergythroughanecosystem.（）

A:錯B:對答案:對Benthicistheorganismthatliveontheoceansurface.（）

A:對B:錯答案:錯Externalcostsarethecoststosocietyforwastedisposal,pollutionandhealthduetoenvironmentalproblems.（）

A:錯B:對答案:對Limitingfactorisaparticularfactorasakeycomponentthatlimitsthesizeofapopulation.（）

A:對B:錯答案:對Demographictransitionisamodelwhichsuggeststhatasacountrydevelopstechnologically,itautomaticallyexperiencesadropinthebirthrate.（）

A:對B:錯答案:對Thecontentsofsustainabledevelopmentinclude.()

A:SocialsustainabledevelopmentB:EcologicalsustainabledevelopmentC:EconomicsustainabledevelopmentD:Individualsustainabledevelopment答案:Economicsustainabledevelopment###Socialsustainabledevelopment###EcologicalsustainabledevelopmentWhatcausedbiodiversityloss?()

A:HabitatlossB:ClimatechangeC:PlantationforestryD:Overgrazing答案:Habitatloss###Climatechange###Overgrazing###PlantationforestryHowtoconservesoil?()

A:LessuseoffertilizerandpesticidesB:WindbreaksC:WaterwaysD:Deforestation答案:Waterways###Windbreaks###LessuseoffertilizerandpesticidesWhatarethecharactersofhazardoussolidwaste?()

A:ReactivityB:NontoxicityC:CorrosivenessD:Ignitability答案:Ignitability###Reactivity###CorrosivenessMajorcomponentsofsoilare().

A:SoilwaterB:SoilmineralmaterialC:HumusD:Soilorganisms答案:Soilmineralmaterial###Humus###Soilwater###SoilorganismsWhatarethedisadvantagesoflandfill?()

A:CanhandlelargeamountsofwasteB:EventuallyleaksandcancontaminategroundwaterC:DustD:Noiseandtraffic答案:Noiseandtraffic;Dust;EventuallyleaksandcancontaminategroundwaterIntegratedpestmanagementmethodsinclude.()

A:DevelopingresistantcropsB:ModifyingFarmingPracticesC:UsingbeneficialorganismstocontrolpestsD:DisruptingReproduction答案:DisruptingReproduction###Usingbeneficialorganismstocontrolpests###Developingresistantcrops###ModifyingFarmingPracticesWhataretheindoorairpollutants?()

A:HouseholddustmitesB:TobaccoSmokeC:FormaldehydeandBenzeneseriesD:Ozone答案:TobaccoSmoke###FormaldehydeandBenzeneseries###HouseholddustmitesWhataretheadvantagesofincineration?()

A:OlderorpoorlymanagedfacilitiescanreleaselargeamountsofairpollutionB:ReducestrashvolumeC:LessneedforlandfillsD:Expensivetobuild答案:Reducestrashvolume###LessneedforlandfillsWhataretheimpactsoffertilizers?()

A:RedtideB:BiomagnificationC:ReplacesoilnutrientsD:Watereutrophication答案:Replacesoilnutrients###Watereutrophication###RedtideAswatermovesthroughsoil,itdissolvessoilnutrients(suchasnitrogenandphosphorus)andcarriesthemintostreamsandlakes,wheretheymayencouragegrowthofunwantedplantsandalgae,thisiscalledwaterbloom.()

A:錯誤B:正確答案:正確Primarysewagetreatmentinvolvesavarietyoftechniquestoremoveinorganicnutrients.()

A:錯B:對答案:對Pointsourcesrefertospecificspotswherelargeamountsofpollutionaredischarged.()

A:對B:錯答案:對Persistentpesticidesrefertotheolderpesticidesthatwereverystableandremainedactiveforlongperiodsoftime.（）

A:對B:錯答案:對CarexhaustscontainCO,nitrogenoxides,hydrocarbons.()

A:錯B:對答案:對medicineandpesticidesarehazardoussolidwaste.()

A:錯B:對答案:對Extinctionisthelossofanentirespecies.（）

A:錯B:對答案:對Ingeneral,climaxcommunitieshavelessdiversepopulationsofspeciesthanearlierstagesofsuccession.（）

A:錯B:對答案:錯Ozoneisasecondarypollutantthatisformedasacomponentofphotochemicalsmog.()

A:對B:錯答案