Unit4AdversityAndCourage單詞學(xué)案-高中英語人教版選擇性

X3U4AdversityandCourage學(xué)案1.adversitycn.&un.困境；逆境adverseadj.不利的/有害的Wewillneverforgetthefriendshipsealedinadversity.患難之交永不忘。Inprosperitycaution,inadversitypatience.處順境時要小心，處逆境時要耐心。2.bitteradj.①味苦的:bittermelons/abittersmile苦瓜/苦笑Bitterpillsmayhavewholesomeeffects.良藥苦口利于病。②嚴(yán)寒的abitterwind刺骨寒風(fēng)③激烈而不愉快的alongandbitterdispute漫長而激烈的爭論④令人不快的，使人悲痛的bitterexperience痛苦的經(jīng)驗bitterlyadv.傷心地Sheweptbitterly.憤怒地Thedevelopmentwasbitterlyopposedbythelocalmunity.及其,非常It’sbitterly/freezing/extremelycold.bitternessn..苦味；憤懣,不滿Thepaycutcausedbitternessamongthestaff.3.endurancen.忍耐力，耐久力Heshowedremarkableendurancethroughouthisillness.beyondendurance忍無可忍Theywerehumiliatedbeyondendurance.endure①v.忍耐，忍受(同bear)enduresth.忍受某事endurealongwaitenduredoing/todosth.忍受做某事Hecan’tendurebeingdefeated/tobedefeated.②持續(xù)，持久asuccessthatwillendureendurableadj.能忍耐的，能持久的unendurable無法忍受的，不能持久的4.turndown調(diào)低/小;拒絕turnup調(diào)高/大；出現(xiàn);turnon打開turnoff 關(guān)閉turnto 求助于；致力于；轉(zhuǎn)向；翻至(某一頁)turnout 結(jié)果是/結(jié)果是/原來是…；生產(chǎn)/制造turnaway把…拒之門外/不準(zhǔn)...進入;轉(zhuǎn)過臉去(1)Ioften_________myclassmatesorteachersforhelp.Asaresult,Ihavemadesteadyprogressinmystudies.(2)Itisalreadynineo’clock,buthehasn’t_________yet.Justwentbackhome.(3)Thejob_________tobeharderthanwethought.5.enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的①beenthusiasticabout...對…極感興趣的；對…充滿熱情的②beenthusiastictodosth.對做某事充滿熱情enthusiasmn.熱心；熱忱；熱情withenthusiasm熱情地enthusiastn.熱心者，愛好者enthusiastn.熱衷于……的人；愛好者(1)ThoughJackwaslackinginexperience,hemadeupforitin_________(enthusiastic).(2)I’msurethemagazinewillappealtoyou,foryou’vebeenenthusiastic_______sports.6.aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飛機、公共汽車等)Goaboardplease；theboatisleaving.請上船吧，就要開船了。Weleaboard!歡迎乘坐!易混辨析單詞含義例句aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飛機、公共汽車等)；在(船、飛機、公共汽車等)上Allpassengersaboardfellintotheriver.船上所有的乘客都落入了河里。boardn.板；(尤指)木板;膳食;董事會v.上船(或火車、公共汽車、飛機等);寄宿Thepassengersareboardingtheplane.乘客們正在登機。abroadadv.到國外；在國外Heoftengoesabroad.他經(jīng)常去國外。broadadj.寬廣的；寬闊的Hehasverybroadshoulders.他的肩膀很寬。7.assignvt.分派；布置；分配①assignsb.sth.＝assignsth.tosb.給某人分配(布置)某物/某事②assignsb.todosth.指派某人做某事assignmentcn.任務(wù)；作業(yè)；分配；布置Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.技術(shù)任務(wù)的申請人必須在技術(shù)機構(gòu)完成最后一年的研究。(2021北京)(1.)Theteacherassignedadifferenttask____eachofthestudents.(2.)Themonitorassignedus__________(make)preparationsforthepartythenextweek.(3.)Onreceivingthe________________(assign),wesetouttoworkatonce.(4.)Thetask________(assign),dangerousorotherwise,mustbefinishedasscheduled.assignmentcn.任務(wù)；作業(yè)；分配；布置Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.技術(shù)任務(wù)的申請人必須在技術(shù)機構(gòu)完成最后一年的研究。(2021北京)8.envyvt.&n.羨慕，嫉妒n.betheenvyof

...成為……羨慕/忌妒的對象begreenwithenvy非常忌妒；眼紅enviousadj.羨慕的；妒忌的beenviousofsb.羨慕/嫉妒某人9.crushvt.壓碎，壓傷Thecarwaspletelycrushedunderthetruck.破壞，毀壞(某人的信心或幸福)Shefeltpletelycrushedbytheteacher’scriticism.n.擁擠的人群Icouldn’tfindawaythroughthecrush.熱戀，迷戀Ihadahugecrushonher.10.sinkvi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉沒；下沉；下降；降低；滲透；陷入；(心情)沮喪vt.使下沉；使沉沒；使某鋒利物穿透表面n.(廚房里的)洗滌池，水槽①Myheartsank.我的心一沉。②sinkinto...滲入；漸漸進入(消極、不快等的)狀態(tài)Shesankintoadeepsleep.她沉沉地睡去。Hesankintoanarmchair.他坐到扶手椅上。③besunkinsth.陷入(不快或沉思)中Hejustsatthere，restinghischeeksonhishands，sunkinthought.他只是坐在那里，雙手托著臉頰，陷入了沉思。(讀后續(xù)寫—狀態(tài)描寫)④sink...into

...把……插入……Unfortunately，thatdogsankitsteethintohisarm.不幸的是，那條狗咬了他的胳膊。11.abandonvt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄n.放任/縱①abandononeselfto(介詞)=beabandonedto…沉溺/縱情于；②abandondoing... 放棄做……③withabandon恣意/放縱地;盡情地abandonedadj.被拋棄的；報廢的；自暴自棄(1)Pleasedon'tabandonyourself_______putergames.(2)Theyoungmanabandonedhimselfto_______(drink)becauseofhisfailureincause.(3)Thelittleboyclaimedthathisparentshadabandoned______(raise)him.(4)(abandon)himselftothesorrowoflosinghiscat,Stevenjustcouldn’thelpcrying.(5)Wangcollectedmorethan7million(abandon)bricksofdifferentages.12.blanketn.①毯子，毛毯electricblanket②覆蓋層ablanketoffog/snow/cloud厚厚的一層霧/雪/云adj.總括的，全體的ablanketbanontobaccoadvertising煙草廣告的全面取締ablanketrefusal完全拒絕blanketadvice一攬子建議13.belongingsn．財物；動產(chǎn)Surroundings環(huán)境,savings儲蓄,findings調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，調(diào)研結(jié)果常見搭配(1)belongingn.歸屬asenseofbelonging歸屬感(2)belongvi.屬于（不用于被動語態(tài)和進行時態(tài)）belongtosb.屬于某人，歸某人所有belongtosth.是(俱樂部、組織等)的成員，是(某族類或綱目)的一部分Shepackedherfewbelongingsinabagandleft.她把她的幾件東西裝進包里便離開了。14.genuineadj.真的，名副其實的IsthepaintingagenuinePicasso?真誠的，真心的，可信賴的genuineconcernforothersadv.genuinely真誠地，由衷地I’mgenuinelysorry.n.genuineness真成，真事，真摯15.perseverance毅力，不屈不撓的精神Theonlywaytoimproveisthroughhardworkanddoggedperseverance.perseverev.堅持，孜孜以求perseverein(doing)sth.堅持（做）某事Despiteanumberofsetbacks,theyperseveredintheirattemptstoflyaroundtheworldinaballoon.雖屢遭挫折，他們?nèi)圆粩鄧L試乘氣球環(huán)游世界。perseverewithsb./sth.Sheperseveredwithherviolinlessons.她孜孜不倦地學(xué)習(xí)小提琴。16.resolven.決心/堅定的信念weaken/strengthen/testone’sresolve(todosth.)削弱/增強/考驗?zāi)橙?做某事)的決心vi.&vt.決定/決心；解決(問題或困難)①resolve(not)todosth.決定/決心(不)做某事②resolveon(doing)sth.決定/決心(做)某事Wehaveresolvedonmakinganearlystarttocatchthetrain.③resolveanissue/adispute/aconflict/acrisis解決問題/爭端/沖突/危機resolutionn.決心/定[C];決議[C]；解決[U];makearesolutiontodosth.決心/決定做某事pass/adopt/approvearesolution通過一項決議(1)Heresolved____doingsomethingtohelpthechildrenhehadmet.(2)Insteadofresolving(lose)weightinonemonth,trytobepracticable.17.crewn.①全體工作人員Noneofthepassengersandcrewwereinjured.②技術(shù)人員團隊，專業(yè)團隊afilm/cameracrew電影攝制組v.當(dāng)工作人員Normallytheboatiscrewedbyfivepeople.18.cruel常見搭配becruelto對……殘忍Itiscruelofsbtodosth某人做某事太殘忍cruellyadv.殘忍地；殘酷地crueltyn.殘忍；殘酷adj．殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的語法填空(1)Itwascruel_______Jimtoignoreher.吉姆存心不理會她，真是無情。(2)Sometimesyouhavetobecruel_______(be)kind.有時候為了某人好你就得對他狠。(3)Youshouldn'thavetreatedthepetdogso_____(cruel).你本不應(yīng)該如此殘忍地對待寵物狗。(4)Itwashis____(cruel)thatforcedhiswifetoleavetheirhome.是他的殘忍迫使他妻子離開家。19.thoroughadj.①徹底的，完全的Thepolicecarriedoutathoroughinvestigation.②細致的Butthereisnotamorethoroughstudyinthisphenomenon.adv.thoroughly及其，非常，徹底，完全I’mthoroughlyconfused.n.thoroughness徹底性，完全，周密Iwasimpressedbythethoroughnessofthereport.20.furnituren.家具[U](總稱名詞)(1)apieceoffurniture一件家具(2)furnishvt.裝修；布置，設(shè)置；提供；供應(yīng)furnishsth.withsth.用……布置……furnishsb./sth.withsth.＝furnishsth.tosb./sth.為某人/某物提供某物befurnishedwith備有；安裝有(3)furnishedadj.備有家具的具語法填空（1）Eleanormovedintoasmall____________(furnish)apartment.（2）Manyproprietors(業(yè)主)trytofurnishtheirhouses_______antiques.（3）Thehouseiscrammedwithpriceless____________(furnish)andworksofart.21.fortunatelyadv.幸運地；unfortunatelyadv.不幸地fortunen.大筆的錢/巨款【C】；運氣/機遇【U】；命運【常用復(fù)數(shù)】發(fā)財/致富makea/one’sfortune碰運氣seekone’sfortunemisfortunen.不幸/厄運fortunateadj.幸運的unfortunateadj.不幸運的①befortunatetodosth./indoingsth. 很幸運做某事②It’sfortunatethat從句（主語從句） ……很幸運(1)Iwasfortunate________(work)withabrilliantheadofdepartment.(2)=Iwasfortunate______workingwithabrilliantheadofdepartment.(3)=Itisfortunate______Iworkedwithabrilliantheadofdepartment.22.rough adj.（表面）粗糙的；粗略的/不確切的；粗野的/粗暴的；洶涌的/風(fēng)浪很大的/（時期）艱難的；roughlyadv.粗略地，大致上，粗暴地(1.)Herhandswereroughfromhardwork.(2.)Ihavegotaroughideaofwhathelookslike.(3.)Theyplainedofroughhandlingbytheguards.(4.)Theshipwentdowninroughseas.(5.)Thefirstyearwasrough,butthingshavegottenbetter.23.makefire生火onfire著火；(身體某部位)火辣辣(地疼痛)setfireto放火燒(=set...onfire)catchfire著火putoutthefire撲滅火fightafire救火make短語：makeup形成，構(gòu)成；編造；彌補；和好；化妝makeout辨認(rèn)清楚；理解makesense講得通，合乎情理makeit獲得成功，準(zhǔn)時到達makethemostof充分利用makeupone’smind26.giveoff放出（熱、光、氣味或氣體）Evenifputerscreensdidn’tgiveoffradiation,staringatthemforlongperiodscancauseharmtoyourvision.giveout發(fā)出，放出；分發(fā)；用完；耗盡givein屈服，讓步，投降giveback歸還，送回giveup放棄，認(rèn)輸giveaway泄露，捐贈，贈送，頒發(fā)24mitmentn.承諾/承諾的事【C】；（對組織/活動的）投入/奉獻/忠誠【U】；(mitmittedmitted；mitting)makeamitmenttosb.對某人作出承諾carryoutone’smitment履行某人的承諾mitv.①犯（錯誤/罪行）自殺mitsuicide犯罪mitacrime②投入（錢/時間/人力等）mitAtoB 把A投入B③承諾mit(oneself)todoingsth.=sb.bemittedtodoingsth.=sb.makeamitmenttodoingsth.某人承諾(自己)做某事/致力于mittedadj.盡心盡力的/堅定的(1.)Thecouncilhasmittedlargeamountsofmoney_____housingprojects.(2.)Heclearlymittedhimselfto_________(continue)downthepathofeconomicreform.=Hewasmittedtocontinuingdownthepathofeconomicreform.=Hemadeamitmenttocontinuingdownthepathofeconomicreform.25..if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句虛擬情況從句謂語形式主句謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反過去式（be動詞一般用were）would／could／should／might＋動詞原形與過去事實相反had＋過去分詞would/could/should/might+have十過去分詞與將來事實相反（1）過去式（be動詞一般用were）（2）wereto＋動詞原形（3）should＋動詞原形would／could／should／might＋動詞原形Ifitweren'tforseaanimals，wewouldallstarve.要不是有海洋動物，我們都得挨餓。(P44)Ifithadnotbeenforthebadweatheryesterday，wewouldhavegonetotheparktoflykites.如果不是昨天天氣不好，我們就去公園放風(fēng)箏了。IfIweretomeethimtomorrow，Ishouldaskhimaboutit.如果我明天遇見他，我就會問他這件事的。(1)IfI______(be)you,Iwouldreaditagain.如果我是你的話，我會再讀一遍。（表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反）(2)We______havecalledataxiyesterdayifHarold______(offer)usaridehome.如果昨天哈羅德沒有開車送我們回家，我們就叫出租車了。（表示與過去事實相反） (3)Ifyou____haveanydifficultyingettingtheinformation,you_____(e)directlytomyoffice.如果找這些信息有困難，你可以直接到我辦公室來。（表示與將來事實相反）結(jié)構(gòu)拓展在含有should、were、had的虛擬條件句中可省略if，把were、had、should提到句首變?yōu)榈寡b結(jié)構(gòu)。?Wereshetoliveabroad，shewouldn'tbeabletoseeherbestfriendsvery