高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解微技能訓(xùn)練代詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案

閱讀理解微技能訓(xùn)練代詞找代詞口訣見到代詞找指代，指代通常在前方;

主代主，賓代賓，所有格，就近找;

平行結(jié)構(gòu)有搭配，多重指代層層推;

單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)都對應(yīng)，主動被動要分清;

定位排除和代入，驗證語意要記牢?！耙姷酱~找指代，指代通常在前方”。這句話是代詞指代題的總則，考生務(wù)必牢記：代詞永遠(yuǎn)出現(xiàn)在原詞之后，原詞永遠(yuǎn)出現(xiàn)在代詞之前?！爸鞔?，賓代賓，所有格，就近找”。代詞指代的語法規(guī)則非常嚴(yán)格，因此考生要優(yōu)先考慮代詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑褐髡Z、賓語、還是所有格代詞，然后在前句中快速尋找對應(yīng)的語法成分就可以輕松解題。例如：

WhenAmericansmovedfromoneplacetoanother,theytooktheirdialectswiththem.

題目中代詞“they”在主句中充當(dāng)主語成分，考生迅速定位前方從句中的主語“Americans”.

又例如所有格代詞(你的、我的、他的等等)通常指代前文中最靠近該代詞的核心名詞：

Florists(花商)oftenrefrigerate（冷藏）cutflowerstoprotecttheirfreshappearance.

題目中的所有格代詞“their”之前有兩個名詞“florists”和“flowers”，語法基礎(chǔ)薄弱的學(xué)生要花些時間才能弄清楚所謂“他(它)們的”究竟是誰們的?事實上根據(jù)“就近原則”，在距離代詞最近的地方找到符合句中語意的核心名詞，就可以鎖定答案。而上述句中距離“their”最近的名詞時“flowers”。

3、“平行結(jié)構(gòu)有搭配，多重指代層層推”。所謂平行結(jié)構(gòu)實質(zhì)就是分層次描述，閱讀部分經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)“notonly…，butalso…”，“one…，theother…”，“some…，others…”等固定搭配對兩層或多層語意進(jìn)行描寫，通過對這種常見結(jié)構(gòu)的把握，學(xué)生就可以快速鎖定代詞的所指。例如：

Manyadults,poorandboredwithfarmlife,wereattractedbythecitiesbypromisesofsteadyemployment,regularpaychecks,increasedaccesstogoodsandservices,andexpandedsocialopportunities.Otherswerepushedtherewhennewtechnologiesmadetheirlaborcheaporexpendable.

雖然上述語句語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語意都較為復(fù)雜，但不難看出題目中“manyadults…，others…”是固定搭配，因此“others”做為代詞所指代的名詞必定是前文中的“adults”，。

此外，為了增加難度，對于代詞指代的考察也經(jīng)常在定位方面設(shè)置障礙，既通過一層推理很難鎖定目標(biāo)詞匯。因此學(xué)生需要多一點耐心和多一份細(xì)心，在前文內(nèi)容中層層回溯，逐一定位，抽絲剝繭，最終必然能夠順利解題。例如：

Acarpulledupbehindme.ItwasthecoupleIhadspokentoatthegasstation.Theysaidtheywouldtakemetomyfriends.Wechattedonthewayintothecity,andwhenIgotoutofthecar,thehusbandgavemehisbusinesscard.Iwrotehimandhiswifeathankyounoteforhelpingme.Soonafterwards,IreceivedaChristmaspresentfromthem.Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadmadetheirholidaysmeaningful.

經(jīng)過層層上推，them和their指代的時上文中的thehusbandandhiswife

4、“單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)都對應(yīng)，主動被動要分清”。代詞指代題中有一些常見陷阱，例如同時出現(xiàn)大量名詞，有單數(shù)、有復(fù)數(shù)、有可數(shù)名詞、也有不可數(shù)名詞，讓讀者霧里看花;或是將前文中的主動句改寫成后文的被動句，顛三倒四，讓考學(xué)生暈?zāi)X脹。破解這種陷阱的手法其實很簡單，無論怎樣變化，代詞指代總有一定之規(guī)，例如：

Inthepast,biologistsconsideredmushroomsandotherfungi（真菌）asatypeofnonfreeplant.Today,however,theyaremostmonlyregardedasaseparatekingdomoflivingthings.

本題中就不宜直接使用前文提到的“主語帶主語”原則。代詞出現(xiàn)的語句是被動句，因此“they”不再指代前文主語，而是指代前文中的賓語。那么“they”指代“mushroomsandotherfungi”還是“nonfreeplant”呢?學(xué)生不必感動彷徨無助，口訣中已經(jīng)明確指出，代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)必然與原詞單復(fù)數(shù)一致，因此正確答案只能是“mushroomsandotherfungi”。

5、“定位排除和代入，驗證語意要記牢”?？偠灾?，代詞指代題的解題步驟清晰明了：第一步定位文中代詞，用上述方法搜索原詞;第二步分析選項，排除位置和語意不符的詞匯;第三步帶入原句中簡單翻譯，進(jìn)行驗證。

同學(xué)們務(wù)必注意，驗證是十分必要的一步。一旦遇到拿不準(zhǔn)的題目，只要花幾秒鐘時間將代詞指代的成分帶入原句中驗證一下，真?zhèn)瘟⒈妫ＷC萬無一失。練習(xí)閱讀下列段落，注意段落中的黑體代詞，判斷其所指代的名詞Boysandgirls,Ithinkmostofyouliketravelling.Usually,peoplefeelexcitedbeforeatour,butduringit1,they2mayfeelthey3arenotwellpreparedforit.it:;they:；they：Atfirsttheriverissmallandthewaterisclearandcold.Thenit1beginstomovequickly.It2beesrapidsasit3passesthroughdeepvalleys.it1:;it2:;it3:Lastyear,mysistervisitedourcousins,DaoWeiandYuHangattheircollegeinKunming.TheyareDaiandgrewupinwesternYunnanProvince.They:Althoughitwasautumn,thesnowwasalreadybeginningtofallinTibet.Ourlegsweresoheavyandcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksofice.they:Thelakesshonelikeglassinthesettingsunandlookedwonderful.WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual.She1isveryreliableandIknewIdidn’tneedtoencourageher2.She1her2AskiresortinIrkutskSiberiahasputupan“icelibrary”nearLakeBaikalandencourages1000localsandtouristsaliketocarvetheir1wishesanddreamsinanylanguagethey2want.their1they2ThesamereportalsoaddedthatmanythinkRussia’sIceLibraryismadeofwondersasonewomansharedthatshewishedtovisitNewZealand’sHobbitlikelandsandcametrue.sheInthesummerof1885,nineyearoldJosephMeisterwasveryill.He1hadbeenwoundedbyasickdogthathadrabies,averydangerousdisease.HisparentsweretoldthattherewasprobablyonlyonemanwhocouldsaveJoseph’slife—LouisPasteur.WhenPasteurwasayoungboyinFrance,he2spentmanyhourseverydaywiththechemistwho3livedinhis4smalltown.He1he2who3his4Atthattime,thechemisthadtomakeallthemedicineshimself1.YoungLouisenjoyedwatchingthechemistashe2workedandhelpedthosepeoplewho3cametohim4eachday.himself1he2who3him4MostpeopleknowthatMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize,andthefirstpersontowinittwice.However,fewpeopleknowthatshewasalsothemotherofaNobelwinner.sheBorninSeptember,1897,IreneCuriewasthefirstoftheCuries’twodaughters.Alongwithnineotherchildrentheparentsofwhomwerealsofamousscholars,Irenestudiedintheir1ownschool,andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers.She2finishedherhighschooleducationattheCollegeSevigneinParis.their1She2InDecember1924,FredericJoliotjoinedtheInstitution,andIrenetaughthimthetechniquesrequiredforhiswork.Theysoonfellinloveandweremarriedin1926.TheySometimes,peoplemaygetcaughtwiththeirpantsdown.Theyarefounddoingsomethingtheyshouldnotbedoing.Their_________they_________________InSeptember,1923,TokyoandYokohamawerebothdestroyedbyanearthquakeandthefiresthatfollowedit.Theyhadtobepletelyrebuilt.It________________they______________Ifyouareapersonwithgreatpatienceandlove,youcangototakecareofthehomelessandgivethemasmuchfortaspossible.Them_______________Alionwasawakenedfromsleepbyamouserunningoverhisface.Risingupangrily,hecaughthimandwasabouttokillhimwhenthemousepiteouslyentreated.His___________he____________him__________him_________TherearemanyAmericanexpressionsaboutinsectslikebees.forexample.Beesareknownasveryhardworkers.Theyalwaysappeartobebusy,movingaroundtheirhomes,orhives.They____________their_____________答案1it:atour;they:people；they：people2it1:theriver;it2:theriver;it3:theriver3They:ourcousins4they:ourlegs5S