2024年高考英語（全國(guó)通用）：熱點(diǎn)練7 閱讀理解話題生態(tài)環(huán)保 （教師版）

熱點(diǎn)練07閱讀理解話題生態(tài)保護(hù)

“生態(tài)環(huán)?！笔瞧胀ǜ咧杏⒄Z課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)話題之一，亦是高考英語?？荚?/p>

題。本話題包括動(dòng)植物保護(hù)、生態(tài)保護(hù)、自然災(zāi)害、環(huán)境污染和保護(hù)等方面。

這些話題與學(xué)生的生活息息相關(guān)，聯(lián)系密切。通過對(duì)這些話題的學(xué)習(xí)以及高

考英語對(duì)這些話題的考查，可以讓學(xué)生多注意身邊的人和事、關(guān)注社會(huì)環(huán)境、

樹立環(huán)保意識(shí)、學(xué)會(huì)與大自然和諧相處。

［滿分技巧

策略■耀文倭特畫主題句：背景引入后'首句

四個(gè)部分：標(biāo)題(簡(jiǎn)明揭示中心)、背景(引入)、主題(明確提出主題+詳細(xì)說明)--通

過實(shí)驗(yàn)、研究、舉例、對(duì)比等方式進(jìn)行以及結(jié)尾--簡(jiǎn)要概括中心

策略二：抓關(guān)鍵句--首末句+作者態(tài)度句；

策略三：抓出題處：⑴在列舉處命題。⑵在例證處命題(3)轉(zhuǎn)折

but,yet,however,nevertheless,rather,though,although,while,infact,asamatteroffact,ontheother

hand,bycontrast)

⑷在比較處命題，無端的比較、相反的比較、偷換對(duì)象的比較，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在干擾項(xiàng)中，考

生要標(biāo)記并且關(guān)注到原文中的比較，才能順利地排除干擾。

⑸在復(fù)雜句中命題，包括同位詞、插入語、定語、從句、不定式等，命題者主要考查考生對(duì)

句子之間的指代關(guān)系和語法關(guān)系。

(6)帶總結(jié)歸納(thus,so,therefor,accordingly,consequently,asaresult,inaword,insumniaryjn

brief);

(7)表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)，總括的動(dòng)詞(believe,think.assume,suggest,show,conclude,findthat,drawthe

conclusionthat,discoverthat);

(8)問句-設(shè)問句'反問句(問句中的內(nèi)容和答案…即文章作者要介紹的主題或觀點(diǎn))

策略四：判斷推理題

1.不能夸大事實(shí)，過度推斷。

2.不能主觀臆斷，無中生有。

3.文中細(xì)節(jié)，事實(shí)不是推斷

--------------------------H&t

熱點(diǎn)話題

環(huán)境保護(hù)

動(dòng)物保護(hù)

1r

限時(shí)檢測(cè)

真題鏈接

Passage1

（2021全國(guó)乙卷C篇）You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7

milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakea

difference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassive

sculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-use

plasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“StrawpocalypseJapairof

1O-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfrom

severalvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlace

shoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource

（來源）ofplasticpollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneed

themtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Every

strawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlya

fewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說明）aspecificstatistic:Every60

seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“Truckloadof

Plastic,“VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,which

werethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.

VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplastic

footprint.

1.WhatareVonWong'sartworksintendedfor?

A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.

C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.

2.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodemart.

D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

3.Whateffectwould"TruckloadofPlastic^^haveonviewers?

A.Calming.B.Disturbing.

C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists9OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong使用海洋中的塑

料垃圾制作了一個(gè)巨型雕塑，極其震撼，引發(fā)人們對(duì)塑料污染的反思。

I.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewers

tore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.（他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫

使觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料產(chǎn)品的關(guān)系）“可知，VonWong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑，是

想讓人們重新審視與一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系，引起公眾對(duì)塑料垃圾的關(guān)注。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebyno

meansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplasticpollution,butthey,verecentlycomeunderfirebecause

mostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,they

cannotberecycled.（全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管絕不是最大的塑料污染源，但

它們最近卻受到了抨擊，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人不需要吸管喝飲料，而且由于它們體積小、重量輕，

無法回收利用）”可知，塑料吸管體積小、重量輕，無法回收利用。由此推知，作者在第二段

討論塑料吸管是為了展示它們回收的難度。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inapieceform2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說明）a

specificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,

titled"TruckloadofPlastic,"VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000

piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（傾倒）froma

（ruckallalonce.（在2018年的一個(gè)作品中，VonWong想要說明一個(gè)具體的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字：每60

秒，就有一卡車塑料進(jìn)入海洋。這項(xiàng)名為“一卡車塑料”的作品，VonWong和一群志愿者收

集了一萬多塊塑料，然后把它們綁在一起，讓它們看起來像是同時(shí)從卡車上傾倒下來的）''

可知，這個(gè)作品以創(chuàng)新的方式讓人們了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量?jī)A入海洋，刷

新了觀眾對(duì)海洋塑料污染的認(rèn)知。由此推知，這個(gè)作品會(huì)讓觀眾對(duì)塑料垃圾進(jìn)入海洋造成污

染這件事感到不安。故選B項(xiàng)。

4,主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?Artist

BenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplastic

garbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.（但——根塑

料吸管或一個(gè)塑料杯真的有什么區(qū)別嗎？藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong想讓你知道，它確實(shí)

如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料產(chǎn)品的關(guān)系）”

及下文陳述可知，藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong通過使用海洋塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法，

引發(fā)人們對(duì)塑料污染的反思。由此可知，“海洋塑料變成雕塑以作文章標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。

Passage2

（2020全國(guó)H卷C篇）InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.The

bridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpected

perhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.

Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywas

flatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,it

wasbeginningtosway（晃動(dòng)）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsof

peoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.

ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatonce

alovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,

haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天

飛機(jī)）ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.

Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothought

themuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewto

considerthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagood

designisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworks

sowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,

suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.

Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesanda

movingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineers

canbehelpedtograspthem.

"Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbrings

improvement.

5.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?

A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.

B.Itswayedviolentlyinastrongwind

C.Itsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehicles

D.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.

6.WhichofthefollowingisDr.Petroski'sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?

A.Nodesigniswellreceivedeverywhere

B.Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.

C.Notalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesign

D.Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.

7.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Failurecanleadtoprogress.B.Successresultsinoverconfidence

C.Failureshouldbeavoided.D?Successcomesfromjointefforts.

8.Whatisthetext?

A.AnewsreportB.Ashortstory.

C.AbookreviewD.Aresearcharticle.

【答案】5.A6.C7.A8.C

【分析】這是一篇議論文。主要講述了對(duì)彼得羅斯基博士的書《原諒設(shè)計(jì)：理解失敗》的評(píng)

論，工程設(shè)計(jì)可能會(huì)因?yàn)槟承┰驇硎?，但失敗才能帶來進(jìn)步.

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.

Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpected

perhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.

Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingtenible：theroadwaywas

flatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,it

wasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金門大橋舉行了一個(gè)50歲生日聚會(huì)。這座

橋禁止機(jī)動(dòng)車通行，人們可以在橋上散步。組織者預(yù)計(jì)將有5萬人到場(chǎng)。相反，多達(dá)80萬

人擠滿了通往大橋的道路。當(dāng)25萬人在橋上時(shí)，工程師們注意到了一個(gè)可怕的現(xiàn)象：路面

在被要求承載的最重荷載作用下變得平了。更糟的是，它開始晃動(dòng)。因此可以看出，金門大

橋50歲生日那天，它的重量超過了它的承受能力。故選A。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfail

becausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbook

Dr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.

Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterials

incompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,

withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.”可矢口，雖

然他承認(rèn)工程設(shè)計(jì)可能會(huì)因?yàn)槟切┫氤龌蛟O(shè)計(jì)它們的人只是把事情弄錯(cuò)了失敗，但在這本書

中，彼得羅斯基博士拓寬了他的視野，考慮了這種失敗發(fā)生的更大背景。有時(shí)，由于一個(gè)好

的設(shè)計(jì)是用不合格的低質(zhì)量材料建造的，所以裝置會(huì)失敗?；蛘撸粋€(gè)設(shè)計(jì)工作得如此好，

以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是無害的改進(jìn)，直到突然間，它完全不起作

用了。因此可以推測(cè)出，根據(jù)第三段，不是所有的災(zāi)難都是由工程設(shè)計(jì)引起的是彼得羅斯基

博士的想法。故選C。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失敗才能

帶來進(jìn)步。因此可以看出，A項(xiàng)與此相呼應(yīng)，即失敗能帶來進(jìn)步，故選A。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：Understanding

Failure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.”

可知，這個(gè)故事是《原諒設(shè)計(jì)：理解失敗》一書中的一個(gè)，這本書既是對(duì)工程的一封情書，

也是對(duì)其崩潰的贊歌。并且后面兩段都在寫這本書里的內(nèi)容以及評(píng)價(jià)，再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的

“Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesanda

movingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineers

canbehelpedtograspthem.”可知，讀者不僅會(huì)遇到他們以前聽過的故事，還會(huì)遇到一些新的

故事和關(guān)于工程師對(duì)公眾的責(zé)任以及如何幫助年輕工程師掌握它們的動(dòng)人討論。再結(jié)合最后

一段“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失敗才能帶來進(jìn)步。因此可以推測(cè)出，這些

內(nèi)容都是關(guān)于這本書的評(píng)論，因?yàn)檫@篇文章是書評(píng)，故選C。

Passage3

（2020新高考II卷D篇）AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,both

thesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.And

contrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorder

largeportions（份），it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.

Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwo

experiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabto

ostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,each

womanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfood

first.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspecially

designedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipants

followedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantly

morewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.

Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipants

followedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remaking

decisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe'THhavewhatshe's

having,,effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalarge

portion,1*11holdbackabitbecause1seetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsa

lot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?

9.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.

C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles“inparagraph1referto?

A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.

C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.

11.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?

A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.

B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.

C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.

D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.

12.Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence"accordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.

C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.

【答案】9.D10.D11.A12.C

【分析】本文是說明文。最近的研究表明：我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費(fèi)習(xí)慣都會(huì)影響我們

的食物攝入量。文章詳述了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumer

Research,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfood

intake”可知，根據(jù)消費(fèi)者研究雜志最近的一項(xiàng)研究，我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費(fèi)習(xí)慣都會(huì)

影響我們的食物攝入量。因此這項(xiàng)研究是關(guān)于飲食行為的。故選D。

10.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前半句"Andcontraiytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideating

withheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，現(xiàn)有的研究認(rèn)為：你應(yīng)該避免和體

重較重、點(diǎn)大份飯菜的人一起吃飯。后半句認(rèn)為，你真正應(yīng)該避免的是Ihebeanpoleswilhbig

appetiteso由contraryto可推斷出,畫線詞和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，

D選項(xiàng)（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故選Do

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,the

researchersconductedtwoexperimcnts"uj知，為了測(cè)試社會(huì)影響對(duì)飲食習(xí)慣的影響，研究人

員進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，在兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，胖的和瘦的演員都吃了大

量的食物。參與者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，當(dāng)演員是瘦的時(shí)候，參與者們服用

的食物更多。由此推斷，研究人員雇用演員是為了看看她如何影響參與者。故選A。

12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,Tilhold

backabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,Filfollow

suit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?”可知，如果一個(gè)超重的人吃很大一份，我

會(huì)忍住一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲铱吹搅怂嬍沉?xí)慣的結(jié)果。但如果一個(gè)瘦的人吃很多，我會(huì)跟著做。如

果他吃得多保持苗條，為什么我不能呢？因此推斷我們是根據(jù)我們對(duì)他人的看法（即：如

何看待他人）來調(diào)整影響的。故選C。

Passage4

（2020浙江1月卷B篇）Milwaukee,Wisconsin,isroadtestinganewwaytokeepwinterroads

ice-free—byspreadingonthemcheesebrine,thesaltyliquidusedtomakesoftcheeses,like

mozzarella.

Wisconsin,alsocalled“America'sDairyland,isfamousforitscheese.Thestateproduced

2.8billionpoundsofcheeselastyear!Asaresult,therewasalotofleftovercheesebrine.

Disposingof（處置）thebrinecanbeexpensive.Sowhatshouldcheesemakersdowiththewaste?

Normally,townsuserocksalttode-icestreets.Thesaltlowerswater'sfreezingpoint,

causingicetomelt（融化）.Butusingcheesebrinecouldhelpbothcheeseproducersandcities

savemoney,whilekeepingroadssafe.Cheesebrinehassaltinit,which,liketherocksalt,helps

lowerwater'sfreezingpoint.

Inadditiontosavingmoney,cheesebrinecouldalsobeamoreeco-friendlyoption.Many

peoplesuspectthatalltherocksaltusedeverywinterisharmingtheenvironment.

Rocksaltismadeofsodiumchloride,thesamecompound（化合物）inordinarytablesalt.

Soundsharmless,right?Butwhileyouprobablyaddonlyasmallamountofsalttoyourfood,

roadcrewsspreadabout20milliontonsofsaltonU.S.roadseveryyear!

Thechemicalwashesoffroadsandgoesintotheground.Thereitcanpollutedrinkingwater,

harmplants,andeatawaysoil.Byspreadingcheesebrineonstreetsbeforeaddingalayerofrock

salt,Milwaukeemaybeabletocutitsrocksaltuseby30percent.

Cheesebrinehasadownsidetoo-asmellsimilartothatofbadmilk."Idon'treallymind

it,“EmilNorbytoldModemFannermagazine.HeworksforoneofWisconsin'scountyhighway

commissionsandcameupwiththeideaofusingcheesebrine.“OurroadssmelllikeWisconsin!^^

hesaid.

24.Whycancheesebrinehelpkeepwinterroadsice-free?

A.Itissoft.B.Itcontainssalt.

C.Itiswarm.D.Ithasmilkinit.

25.Whatisabenefitofusingcheesebrineonroads?

A.Improvingairquality.B.Increasingsalesofrocksalt.

C.Reducingwaterpollution.D.Savingthecheeseindustry.

26.Milwaukee'snewwaytode-icestreetsmaybeanexampleof.

A.barkingupthewrongtreeB.puttingthecartbeforethehorse

C.robbingPetertopayPaulD.killingtwobirdswithonestone

【答案】24.B25.C26.D

【詞匯】

1.option2.suspect3.downside

4.commission5.contain6.increase

7.reduce

I.optionn.選擇權(quán)；可選物v.得到或獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行選擇

2.suspectv.懷疑；猜想n.嫌疑犯adj.可疑的；不可信的

3.downsiden.下降趨勢(shì)（價(jià)格方面）；消極面；負(fù)面

4.commissionn.傭金；委員會(huì)；委托；委任；犯罪vt.授予；使服役；委托

5.containvt.容納；包含；抑制；克制vi.自制

6.increasev.增加；提高n.增加;增強(qiáng)；提高

7.reducev.減少；縮小；使落魄；簡(jiǎn)化；還原

【長(zhǎng)難句】

1.Cheesebrinehassaltinit,which,liketherocksalt,helpslowerwater'sfreezingpoint.

【句子分析】主干部分：Cheesebrinehassaltinit

定語從句：which,liketherocksalt,helpslowerwater'sfreezingpoint.修飾salt

插入語：liketherocksalt

【翻譯】奶酪鹵水里有鹽，就像巖鹽一樣，有助于降低水的冰點(diǎn)。

2.Manypeoplesuspectthatalltherocksaltusedeverywinterisharmingtheenvironment.

【句子分析】主干部分:Manypeoplesuspect

賓語從句：thatalltherocksaltusedeverywinterisharmingtheenvironment.

【翻譯】許多人懷疑每年冬天使用的巖鹽都在危害環(huán)境。

3.Butwhileyouprobablyaddonlyasmallamountofsalttoyourfood,roadcrewsspreadabout

20milliontonsofsaltonU.S.roadseveryyear!

【句子分析1主干部分：roadcrewsspreadabout20milliontonsofsaltonU.S.roadseveryyear!

讓步狀語從句：whileyouprobablyaddonlyasmallamountofsalttoyourfood,

【翻譯】但是，雖然你可能只在食物中添加少量的鹽，但是道路工人每年在美國(guó)的道路上撒

了大約2000萬噸鹽！

4.Byspreadingcheesebrineonstreetsbeforeaddingalayerofrocksalt,Milwaukeemaybeable

tocutitsrocksaltuseby30percent.

【句子分析】主干部分：Milwaukeemaybeabletocutitsrocksaltuseby30percent.

介詞短語作狀語：Byspreadingcheesebrineonstreetsbeforeaddingalayerofrocksalt

【翻譯】密爾沃基通過在街道上撒上奶酪鹵水，再加上一層巖鹽，也許可以減少30%的巖

鹽使用量。

Passage5

（2020北京B篇）BaggyhasbecomethefirstdogintheUK——andpotentiallytheworld——tojoin

thefightagainstairpollutionbyrecordingpollutantlevelsneartheground.

Baggywearsapollutionmonitoronhercollarsoshecantakedatameasurementsclosetothe

ground.Hermonitorhasshownthatairpollutionlevelsarehigherclosertogroundlevel,which

hashelpedhighlightconcernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsmaybeathigherriskofdevelopinglung

problems.

Conventionalairpollutionmonitorsarenormallyfixedonlamppostsataboutninefeetinthe

air.However,sinceBaggystandsataboutthesameheightasachildinapushchair（嬰兒車）,she

frequentlyrecordspollutionlevelswhicharemuchhigherthanthedatagatheredbythe

EnvironmentAgency.

ThedoggydataresearchwastheideaofBaggy's13-year-oldownerTomHuntandhisdad

Matt.TheEnglishyoungsternoticedthatpollutionlevelsarearoundtwo-thirdshigherclosetothe

groundthantheyareintheairattheheightwheretheyarerecordedbytheagency.Tomhassince

reportedtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasisethatbabiesareat

higherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.

MattHuntsaidhewasnveryproud1*ofhissonbecause"whentheboygetsanidea,hekeeps

hisheaddownandgetsonwithit,andhereallydoeswanttodosomegoodandstopyoungkids

fromgettingasthma."

“Tombuiltupapassionforenvironmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.44Hc

becameveryinterestedingadgets（小裝置）.Aboutoneyearago,hegotthisnewpieceoftech

whichislikeatesttube.OneSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,

whydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermonitorthepollution?'Sowedidit."

Tomsaid,"Mostofthetime,Baggyisjustlikeanyotherdog.Butfortherestofthetimeshe

isasuperdog,andweareallreallyproudofher.n

13.Withamonitoronhercollar,Baggycan.

A.takepollutantreadingsB.recordpollutantlevels

C.processcollecteddataD.reduceairpollution

14.WhatcanwelearnfromtheBaggydata?

A.Highplacesarefreeofairpollution.

B.Higherpushchairsaremoreriskyforkids.

C.Conventionalmonitorsaremorereliable.

D.Airismorepollutedclosertotheground.

15.WhatisTom'spurposeofdoingtheresearch?

A.Towarnofahealthrisk.B.Tofindoutpollutionsources.

C.Totesthisnewmonitor.D.ToproveBaggy'sabilities.

16.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordcanbestdescribeTomHunt?

A.Modest.B.Generous.C.Creative.D.Outgoing.

【答案】13.B14.D15.A16.C

【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了13歲的孩子TomHunt和他的爸爸通過在自己的

寵物狗的脖子上戴污染監(jiān)測(cè)器來記錄地面附近的污染物水平；監(jiān)測(cè)儀顯示，接近地面的空氣

污染水平更高，這有助于強(qiáng)調(diào)嬰兒和幼兒可能面臨更高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)展肺部問題的擔(dān)憂。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.本題題干意為：她的衣領(lǐng)上戴著監(jiān)視器，Baggy可以…。根據(jù)文章第二

段Baggywearsapollutionmonitoronhercollarsoshecantakedatameasurementsclosetothe

ground.Baggy在她的衣領(lǐng)上戴著污染監(jiān)測(cè)器，這樣她就可以在接近地面的地方進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)

量?？芍髦廴颈O(jiān)測(cè)器可以記錄污染物的水平。故答案為B項(xiàng)。

14.推理判斷題。本題題干意為：我們從Baggy收集到的數(shù)據(jù)中可以了解到什么？根據(jù)文

章第二段Hermonitorhasshownthatairpollutionlevelsarehigherclosertogroundlevel,which

hashelpedhighlightconcernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsmaybeathigherriskofdevelopinglung

problems.她的監(jiān)測(cè)儀顯示，接近地面的空氣污染水平更高，這有助于突顯嬰兒和幼童罹患肺

部疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高的擔(dān)憂?？芍咏孛娴目諝馕廴舅礁?。故答案為D項(xiàng)。

15.推理判斷題。本題題干意為:進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究Tom的意圖是？根據(jù)文章第四段Tomhassince

reportedtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasizethatbabiesareat

higherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.湯姆已經(jīng)令人震驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)報(bào)告給政府，試圖強(qiáng)調(diào)，嬰兒

患哮喘的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高?？芍猅om研究的目的是對(duì)健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提出警告。故答案為A項(xiàng)。

16.推理判斷題。本題題干意為：根據(jù)文章，哪個(gè)詞最能描述湯姆?亨特?根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二

段“Tombuiltupapassionforenvironmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.41He

becameveryinterestedingadgets（小裝置）.Aboutoneyearago,hegotthisnewpieceoftech

whichislikeatesttube.OneSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,

whydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermonitorthepollution?'Sowedidit.”湯姆在很

小的時(shí)候就對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)產(chǎn)生了熱情，馬特補(bǔ)充說。他非常感興趣的產(chǎn)品（小裝置）。大約一年

前，他得到了一個(gè)類似試管的新技術(shù)。一個(gè)星期天的下午，我們出去做一些監(jiān)測(cè)，他說，為

什么我們不把它戴在Baggy的衣領(lǐng)上，讓她監(jiān)測(cè)污染?于是我們就這么做可知Tom是非

常的有創(chuàng)造力的。故答案為C項(xiàng)。

Passage6

（2021新高考I卷C篇）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,

theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtaken

careofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlers

whofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsof

waterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitious

sportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasing

populations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.

In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct（Act）,anincreasingly

concernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory（遷徙的）waterfowlandthe

wetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandover

mustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwas

designedbyJ.N.“Ding"Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoatthattime

wasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.

Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.

About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBird

ConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNational

WildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforall

generationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundto

purchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhas

beencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.

29.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?

A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.

C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate“meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Acquire.B.Export.

C.Destroy.D.Distribute.

31.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?

A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.

C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.

32.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem

C.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting

【答案】29.A30.C31.D32.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了由于棲息地減少，美國(guó)水禽驟減，因此聯(lián)邦發(fā)行鴨

票，狩獵者只有購(gòu)買鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進(jìn)入用于購(gòu)買水禽棲息地的基金，從

而保護(hù)水禽。

29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Milli