初中英語語法-形容詞、副詞

形容詞、副詞初中英語語法形容詞是修飾名詞或代詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征的詞。例如：long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.什么叫形容詞?形容詞在句中作定語、表語、賓語補足語等成分．形容詞形容詞的用法1.Heisagoodstudent.2.Sheisabeautifulgirl.3.Ihaveacleverpetdog.形容詞作定語1)單個形容詞修飾名詞或代詞時順序：直接放名詞或代詞前面2)多個形容詞做定語時的排列順序：口訣:

冠代數(shù)形大,新色國材名注釋：冠----冠詞；代----代詞；數(shù)----數(shù)詞；形----形狀、性質(zhì)；大----大小、長短；新----新舊;色----顏色；國----國家、產(chǎn)地；材----材料、用途；名-----名詞anoldbigbrownwoodenbox一個舊而大的棕色木箱子twotallyoungJapanesegirls兩位高個、年輕的日本姑娘例題1)Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo

2)Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.

A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold

答案點撥：C由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色)--性質(zhì)--名詞"的公式可知數(shù)詞，描繪詞，性質(zhì)依次順序，只有C符合答案。答案點撥:A.幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞，他們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。

當(dāng)形容詞修飾由something/somebody,anything/anybody,nothing/nobody,everything/everybody等不定代詞時,形容詞要放在這些不定代詞的之后.1.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?2.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.3.)修飾不定代詞時常后置“不+形”1.Samishungry,he’dliketoeat____delicious.A.someB.anyC.somethingD.somewhere2.Don’tworry.Thereis____aboutyourillness.A.serioussomethingB.anythingseriousC.nothingseriousD.something3.Thereis____intoday’snewspaper.It’sboring.A.somethingnewB.interestingnewC.nothingnewD.newnothing4.--Whocanhelpus?--___.we’lldoitourselvesA.EveryoneelseB.ElseeveryoneC.NobodyelseD.Elsenobody要點：不定代詞修飾形容詞，位置為“不形”CCCCThetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.只能作表語，不能作定語的形容詞。你能說出幾個？aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveable形容詞作表語所謂表語形容詞即指只用于連系動詞后作表語，而不能用于名詞前作定語的形容詞。這類形容詞常見的有：

某些以a-開頭的形容詞：

afraid害怕的alive活著的alone單獨的asleep睡著的awake醒著的Don’tbeafraid.別怕。

Nowthebabyisasleep.現(xiàn)在孩子睡著了。

Hewasaloneinthehouse.他獨自一人在家里。

1.Shewas_____________(luck)tolosehermoneywhenshewentshoppinglastweekend.[04西寧]2.Thiskindofskirtlooks______andsells______

.[04天津]A.nice;wellB.nice;goodC.well;wellD.good;niceunluckyA3.—WhatdoyouthinkofthestorywrittenbyMarkTwain?—Itis______.Ilikeit.[04昆明]A.boringB.boredC.interestedD.interestingD4.Youranswersounds_____.A.correctB.correctlyC.correctnessD.correcting5.Theywatchedamovieandfeltquite_____.A.sadB.sadlyC.sadnessD.sadyAA某些動詞如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名詞或代詞作賓語，再接形容詞作賓語補足語，補充說明賓語的狀態(tài)、特征等。形容詞和賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語．有的已構(gòu)成固定詞組。形容詞作賓語補足語1.Hemadeus

happy.2.Youmustkeeptheclassroom

clean．你應(yīng)保持教室清潔。形容詞的構(gòu)成形容詞的構(gòu)成forget—forgetfulhelp—helpfulwonder—wonderfuluse—usefulcare—carefulbeauty—beautifulthank－thankfulcolour----colourful1、+ful2、＋edexcite—excitedworry—worried

surprise—surprisedclose—closedinterest—interestedfrighten—frightened3、+inginterest—interestingexcite—exciting

surprise—surprisingfollow—followingsun—sunnysnow—snowywind—windyrain-rainycloud—cloudyhealth—healthy4、+y所有表示天氣狀況的的形容詞wool-woolenwood--wooden5、+en6、+ern(東西南北)east--easternwest--westernsouth-southernnorth--northernfriendly,daily,weekly,sillylively,lonely,lovely7.由“名詞+ly”構(gòu)成8.復(fù)合形容詞aneight-year-oldboy一個八歲的男孩一段10分鐘的步行路程aten-minutewalkatenminutes’walk放七天假haveaseven-dayholidayhaveasevendays’holidayhavesevendaysoff形容詞的比較級和最高級構(gòu)成和用法形容詞的比較等級構(gòu)成，有三個等級：①原級；②比較級；③最高級。

形容詞的比較級和最高級構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化詞尾變化原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞在詞尾加-er(比較級)或-est(最高級)以字母e接尾的詞加-r或-sttallhardlargewide以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞末尾只有一個輔音字母應(yīng)雙寫輔音字母再加er或estbighotthinfatwet以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變?yōu)閕再加-er,或-esthappydryearly

narrowclever多音節(jié)詞和多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在其前面加more和mostdifficultpopularslowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞可加-er或-est原級goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比較級最高級betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest不規(guī)則變化注意：在含有形容詞的比較級句子中，對兩個相比較的內(nèi)容為了避免重復(fù)，我們常常用that,those來代替前面的詞。例如：TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thewindowsofourclassroomarecleanerthanthoseoftheirs.形容詞原級的常用句型TomisastallasMike.

1、as+形容詞原形+asThereareasmanystudentsinourschoolasyours.

否定notas+形容詞原形+as“和…不一樣”或notso+形容詞原形+as“不及／不如…

TomisnotastallasMike.Thistruckisbigenoughtocarry5tons.

2、so+形容詞原級+that叢句

such+名詞＋that叢句Heissobigthathecan’tentertheroomby

thedoor.3、…too+原級+todosth.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.

4、形容詞原級+enoughtodosth.

1、兩者之間的比較，句中有明顯的標(biāo)志詞thanTomistallerthan

John2、Which/Whois+比較級,AorB?Whichiseasier,mathsorEnglish?3、能修飾比較級的副詞及短語：much(…的多)、alot(…的多)、even(更…)、still（更…）、abit/alittle(…一點兒)ThiscityismuchmorebeautifulthanthatoneTodayisevenhotterthanyesterday.形容詞比較級的常用句型注意：very不能修飾比較級。More可構(gòu)成比較級，但不能修飾比較級4、…isthe+比較級+ofthetwo.Tomisthetallerofthetwoboys.5、…數(shù)量+比較級than…Heisthreeyearsolderthanhisbrother.6、比較級+and+比較級，“越來越…”Nowitishotterandhotter.現(xiàn)在越來越熱7、The+比較級…，the+比較級…“越…，就越…”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。

Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbecome.你吃得越多，你就越容易變胖1.…oneofthe+最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形容詞最高級的常用句型2.…最高級+of(in)…(三者及以上范圍的)3.Thisis/wasthe最高級+名詞+that定語從句LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.

ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.

Ofallthemoviestars,IthinkZhangZiyiisthebest.

5.、the+序數(shù)詞+最高級+名詞+in/ofTheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina4、Which/Whoisthe+最高級,A,BorC?Whichisthebiggest,themoon,theearthorthesun?注意：

用the+形容詞最高級形式+in接單數(shù)名詞用the+形容詞最高級形式+of接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或表示復(fù)數(shù)的代詞。Whoisthetallestintheclass?Whoisthetallestofthestudents。使用形容詞比較級時1、可用“比較級形式+thananyother+單數(shù)名詞來表達最高級的意思Heistallerthananyotherstudentintheschool。注意2.形容詞比較級前一般不加the。但可用the+比較級形式+ofthetwo…來表達兩者之間的比較。Heisthebetterofthetwo.Ofthetwojobs，hechosetheharder.Marywasthemorebeautifulofthetwo.OfthetwoboysMikeisthetallerone.注意區(qū)別下列兩個句子：加拿大和澳大利亞，哪個國家更大?

Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralian?Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralian?注意使用形容詞最高級時1.可用“oneof+the最高級形式+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“是最……之一者。oneofthemostbeautifulcitiesisshanghai上海是最美的城市之一。注意：2.最高級前可以有序數(shù)詞來修飾。Whichisthefirstmostusefulinvention?哪一個是第一個最有用途的發(fā)明？3.如果形容詞最高級前有物主代詞，指示代詞，名詞所有格時，則不必加定冠詞the。Yesterdaywasmybusiestday.昨天是我最忙碌的一天。用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞、全句或名詞詞組及句子的詞。什么叫副詞?very,early,out,soon,quickly,等等.副詞副詞根據(jù)所表達的不同意義可將其分為以下幾種：1、時間和頻度副詞：now,then,often,always,early,today,already,soon,ago,yesterday等.2、地點副詞：here,there,everywhere,out,in,home,upstairs,above,below,inside等.3、方式副詞：carefully,politely,fast,well,extremely,等.4、程度副詞：much,little,very,rather,too,rather,almost,so等.5、疑問副詞：how,where,when,why（放在特殊疑問句前）副詞的種類6、關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why（通常引導(dǎo)賓語從句）7、連接副詞：how,when,where,why,whether（通常引導(dǎo)定語從句）副詞的比較等級構(gòu)成和用法1、副詞的比較等級構(gòu)成。有三個等級：①原級；②比較級；③最高級。單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級一般在詞尾加-er或-estfasthardlongsoonfasterharderlongersoonerfastesthardestlongestsoonest以字母e結(jié)尾的副詞，加-r或-stlatelaterlatest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的副詞，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加-er或-estearlyearlierearliest2、不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級wellbadlymuchlittlefarbetterworsemorelessfarther較遠(表示距離)further較遠，進一步(表示程度)bestworstmostleastfarthestfurthest副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成和形容詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成基本相同.

形容詞的最高級前要用定冠詞the,副詞的最高級前可用可不用定冠詞the.注意：MountQomolangmaisthehighestintheworld.Jimjumped(the)highestoftheall.fast-faster-fastestslowly-moreslowly–mostslowly注意：1、副詞very可以修飾形容詞、副詞，但不能修飾動詞。例如：Thisflowerisverybeautiful.IlikeEnglishverymuch.(但不能說：IverylikeEnglish.)2、enough作副詞時，用在形容詞、副詞之后；enough用作形容詞時，放在名詞前或后都可以。例如：Heisstrongenoughtolifttheheavybox.Themanhasgotenoughmoney(or:moneyenough)tobuyacar.

中考英語專項復(fù)習(xí)形容詞和副詞3、頻度副詞的比例表：always——100%,usually——80%,often——70%~60%,sometimes,attimes——30%~40%,seldom,hardlyever——5%,never——0%4、quite/rather

a+形容詞+名詞a+very+形容詞+名詞一個相當(dāng)不錯的女孩quite/ratheragoodgirlaverygoodgirl5、good&wellgood(形容詞)well(副詞)只有表身體好才用作形容詞6、…thananyother+單數(shù)，比較級表最高級的意思

Davidjumpshighestinourclass.=Davidjumpshigherthananyotherstudentinourclass.

ThepopulationofChinais

largerthananyothercoutry

intheworld.

=ThepopulationofChinais

thelargest

intheworld.7、the+比較級…，the+比較級…表“越…就越…”Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.你學(xué)得越多，就懂得越多

你讀得越多，你的英語就會越好。________________youread,________yourEnglishwillbe.8、比較級+and+同一比較級,表“越來越…”

越來越重越來越熱越來越重要heavierandheavierhotterandhottermoreandmoreimportantThemorethebetter形容詞變副詞1、一般加-lycareful--slow--2、輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-lyhappily注意：名詞+ly，構(gòu)成形容詞，不是副詞！weekly,monthly,friendlycarefullyslowlyhappy--heavy--heavily3、以e結(jié)尾的形容詞：

true-trulyterrible-terribly

possibe--

possibly,

comfortabe-comfortably

wide–

widelypolite-politelyshy-shyly注意：下列詞既是形容詞也是副詞early–earlylate-latehigh–highhard-hardwell–wellfar–farfast–fastdeep–deephardly，幾乎不lately最近，近來（現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)標(biāo)志）highly高度地,贊許地

speakhighlyof高度評價

deep與deeply區(qū)別：deep意思是"深"，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

練習(xí)鞏固1.Whata_____cough!Youseem___ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly2.Thecarisrunning____.Itseemstobeflying.A.moreandfasterB.moreandfastC.fastandfastD.fasterandfaster3.Ifeeleven____now.A.badB.wellC.worseD.worst4.Shewasveryhappy.Sheran___ofalltherunners.A.fastestB.thequickestC.slowestD.quicklyADCA5.Keepquiet,please.It's___noisyhere.A.manytooB.toomanyC.muchtooD.toomuch6.—Haveyou__spokentoaforeigner?—No,____.A.already,neverB.ever,neverC.yet,alreadyD.ever,ever7.Heistallerthan_______inhisclass.A.anyboyB.anyboysC.anyotherboyD.someotherboyCBC8.I'llgoandvisityou______nextweek.A.sometimeB.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometime9.--Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?--Itwasverybad.Itrained___.Peoplecould____goout.A.hard,hardB.hardly，hardC.hardly,hardlyD.hard，hardly10.Englishisas______asChinese.Youshouldlearnitwell.A.importantB.moreimportantC.themostimportantD.muchmoreimportantCDA11.Musicisnotsousefulasscience.It's_____usefulthanscience.A.fewerB.lessC.moreD.alot12.Helooks______.A.goodB.wellC.happilyD.worriedly13.We'veneverheardof___storybefore.A.suchastrangeB.suchstrangeC.soastrangeD.sostrange14.Youmustwearglasses.Theycankeepyoureyes___A.softB.safeC.safelyD.safety15.Wouldyoupleasespeak___?Istillcan'tfollowyou.A.slowB.muchslowC.muchslowlyD.moreslowlyBBABD16.--Ischemistrymoredifficultthanphyscis?--No,chemistryisn’tas___asPhyscis.A.easyB.difficultC.easierD.moredifficult17.Inthispartofthecountry,wateris___oil.A.sodearasB.asdearasC.dearasD.sodear18.Thebreadis____thanthesecakes.A.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdeliciousCBB19.Inourcityit’s____inJuly,butitiseven___inAugust.A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hotter;hotD.hot;hotterD20.--Didyouloveyourdaytrip?(10’南京)--Yes,weenjoyedtherollercoaster___ofall.A.mostB.littleC.needD.less21.Thoughhisgrandmotherlives___,sheneverfeels____.(10’無錫)A.alone,aloneB.lonely,lonelyC.alone,lonelyD.lonely,alone22.ThedoctorsinORBIShavedone____animportantjob___thepatientsareallgratefultothem.A.too,toB.so,thatC.such,thatD.as,asABC23.Mum!Thefishtastes___!CouldIhavesomemore?(10’南通)A.terribleB.wonderfulC.terriblyD.wonderfully24.Asthesportsmeeting,Simonjumpedas____asDaniel.(10’淮安)A.highB.higherC.slowD.slower25.Mr.Brownalwaysmakeshisclass___andkeepshisstudents___inclass.(10’鎮(zhèn)江)A.alive,interestingB.lively,interestingC.alive,interestedD.lively,interestedBAD1.TheYellowRiveristhesecond________(long)riverinChina.2.ZhaoLeiisoneof_______________(young)boysinhisschool.3.Whichis___________(big),thesun,theearthorthemoon?longesttheyoungestthebiggest用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空.4.Maryhasthreebrothers.Smithis___________(tall)ofthethree.thetallest5.MountQomolangmais__________(high)intheworld.thehig