名詞性從句之賓語從句和表語從句

ObjectClauses

賓語從句什么是賓語？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

賓語位于謂語動詞或者介詞后

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主語謂語賓語（簡單句）主語謂語賓語從句連接詞從句主語從句謂語

主句（復合句）句子做賓語就是賓語從句，跟在及物動詞或介詞后句子結構：主句+連接詞（引導詞）+賓語從句賓語從句三要素引導詞（連接詞）語序時態(tài)

引導詞

句子類型that陳述句一般疑問句If/whether（是否）特殊疑問詞特殊疑問句一、連接詞（引導詞）

1.當賓語從句是陳述句時（包括肯定句和否定句），連詞由that引導，因為that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.

Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能省；（2）當that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句Everyoneknewwhathappenedand

thatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.2.當賓語從句是一般疑問句時，由連詞whether或if引導，“是否”，不能省略Lilywantedtoknow

if/whether

hergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’ssee

if/whether

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.a.當有ornot時就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.

Iworryabout

whetherIhurtherfeeling.注意whether和if的使用區(qū)別Practicetimeif/whether

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether3.當賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，由疑問詞（what,who,whom,which；whose；

when,where,how,why等）引導，因為疑問詞在從句中擔任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhen/wherewearrived.Iaskedhimwhere/how/whyIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho\whom\whatwehavetosee.二、時態(tài)1.如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）Iknowheliveshere.(live)Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.(come)2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)，那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）Iknewwholivedhere.(live)Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.(talkwith)Hewaswonderingwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathehadseenit.(see)3.當從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.(travel)Theteachertoldmeshe____(be)

bornin1960.Iheardthatshe____(go)

toParislastnight.4.從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作前，仍用一般過去時。wentwas1.Mikeinsistedthatwe_________________(be)lateforschool.2.Thedoctororderedthatshe_____________(stay)inbedforafewdays.(should)notbe(should)stay注意：在下列動詞接that從句中用“should+動原”一個“堅持”insist（堅持要）兩個“命令”command,order(命令）

三個“建議”suggest,propose,advise四個“要求”request,ask,demand,require三、語序賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：主句＋連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分I’mwonderingwhatshewantstoeat.1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgoto

thelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegoto

thelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewantto

buy.Idon’tknowwhathewantsto

buy.

What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?

注：當從句的原句為以下句子以及what,who作主語時，語序不變：Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Thedoctoraskedwhatwaswrong(withher)．Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主語做表語否定的轉移

若主句謂語動詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tthinkyouareright.

我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認為你是錯的。

Idon’tbelieveyoucanfinishtheworktoday.

我認為你今天無法完成工作。

注意：這類句子后若帶有附加疑問句，應采用肯定形式來后問，后問部分應于從句主語一致。Idon’tbelievesheknowit,doesshe?反義疑問句

1.Wewonderhowweshalldonext.2.Couldyoutellmewherearetheyhavingapicnic?3.IamsorrythatIdon’tknowyouwantto

takepartinthecompetition.whatdidn’ttheyareExercise:correctornot4.Ididn’tknowthatyouwillcome.5.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.6.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?7.YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules.____would___was______hewill______________EnglishhasExercise:multical-choice1.Idon’tknow____wecanliveontheislandwithoutfood.A.whereBwhatChowDthat2.Couldyoutellme___________________?Awhereisthepark?Bwho’sonduty?Cwhosebookisthis?Dwhataretheydoing?3Theteachertoldusthattheearth_____aroundthesun.AmovedBmovesCmoveDmoving4.Ididn’tknowthatMr.Smith______yet.hasreturnedBhasreturnedChadreturnedDreturned5.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.Wedon’tknow______theydid.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which

BBCCACPredicativeClauses

表語從句一、表語從句定義：Thequestioniswhowilldoit.表語從句放在連系動詞之后，充當復合句中的表語。

表語從句LinkingVerbs(連系動詞)

除動詞be以外，還有一些后面可接表語的特殊連系動詞，如：look,smell,taste,sound,feel,fall,come,go（變成…）,become,grow（漸漸地變化）,turn(變成，一般用于顏色),appear,seem,get,keep,remain,stay等。二、表語從句構成Hissuggestionisthat

weshouldstaycalm.Thatiswhy

shewaslate.引導詞引導詞主系＋連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分三、引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞1.從屬連詞as,asif/though引導的表語從句

Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.2.because,why引導的表語從句例句：(1)That’sbecausehedidn’tunderstandme.(2)That’swhyhegotangrywithme.那是因為他不理解我。那正是他對我生氣的原因。（強調原因）（強調結果）3.連接代詞who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever,連接副詞where,when,how(1)Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.(2)Thequestionishowhedidit.(3)Thatiswherehewasborn.

問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。問題是他如何做此事的。那就是他出生的地方。4.從屬連詞that，whether(1)ThetroubleisthatIhavelostheraddress.(2)Myquestioniswhetherheleft(ornot).麻煩是我把她的地址弄丟了。我的問題是他是否離開了。that在表語從句中不充當任何句子成分，也沒有任何意義。

四.使用虛擬語氣的表語從句在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動詞需用“should+動詞原形”表示，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan等。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.注意A表語從句一定要用陳述語序。Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.B不可以用if，而用whether連接表語從句(asif例外）。Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.C不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復合句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。

Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Dthat在表語從句中不可以省略。LaoYang’ssuggestionisthatwe(should)turnthelandintoricefield.What’stroublingmeisIdon’thavemuchexperienceinthiskindofwork.注意：在表語從句中，表“是否”時，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情況下，“that”不能省。Itis/wasbecause….（這是因為）Itis/waswhy….（這就是為什么…）4.Thereasonisthat…(原因是…)5.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….6.Thereasonisbecause/why…that

….Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthatheg