福建省三明市第一中學(xué)英語(yǔ)高考話題復(fù)習(xí)話題八科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)

話題八：科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)24.puters電腦(Unit3puters,Book2)Thegoalofearlycalculatingmachineswastosimplifydifficultsums.Butwiththehelpofnewtechnology,electronicchipsreplacedtubesandarevolutionofartificialintelligencehasarisen.Fromthenon,theappearanceofputerstotallychangedourlives.Theycannotonlydownloadinformationfromthewetwhenconnectedbythenetworkormobilephonesignals,butalsosolvedifferenttypesoflogicalproblems.Withoperatorsastheircoaches,theycanevencontrolrocketstoexplorethemoonandinstructandroidswiththehumanrace’scharacterstomopfloorsandwatchoveryournaughtyniece.Anyhow,putersaresohelpfulthattheydobringhappiness. However,putersareeasilyattackedbyviruses.Thisrealityhasbeeahardtodealwithproblem.Asaresult,putersaredangerousinaway.So,personally,Iworryabouttheiruniversalapplicationsinsomefields,suchasfinance.早期計(jì)算機(jī)器的目的是簡(jiǎn)化比較難的計(jì)算。但是在新技術(shù)的幫助下，電子芯片代替了電子管，一場(chǎng)人工智能革命由此掀起。從那時(shí)起，電腦的出現(xiàn)完全改變了我們的生活，它們不僅能在網(wǎng)絡(luò)或移動(dòng)信號(hào)的連接下從網(wǎng)上信息，而且可以解決各種類型的邏輯問題。在操作員的教練下，它們甚至還可以控制火箭探索月球，指導(dǎo)具有人類性格的機(jī)器人擦洗地板和照顧你調(diào)皮的侄女。不管怎么說，電腦都是如此的有用，以致的確給人們帶來了快樂。然而，電腦很容易受到病毒的攻擊，這一現(xiàn)實(shí)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)難以處理的難題，結(jié)果，電腦在某種程度上是很危險(xiǎn)的。因此，就個(gè)人而言，我很擔(dān)心電腦在某些領(lǐng)域，例如金融方面的廣泛應(yīng)用。25.ExploreMKII探測(cè)MKII行星(Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofstars,Book3)MKII,aplanetbillionsofkilometersaway,istheoriginoflifeinmanyreligions.Physicistshaveprovedthetheorythatitsgentleclimateandthepullofitsgravityaresimilartotheearth’s.Andastronomershavefoundthatoxygenatomsandcarbondioxide,whicharefundamentaltolife,existinitsatmospherethroughsatellites.Cheeredupbythisnews,biologists,intheirturn,begantodosomeresearchtoremovepeople’spuzzles—Nowthattherearesomesuitableconditions,doeslifereallyexistonthisglobe?Dotheymultiplybylayingeggsorgivingbirthtobabies?Lastmonth,aspaceshipwassentthere.It’sapitythatthismissionfailed.Unliketheearth,MKIIisamuchyoungerplanet.Thus,massesofharmfulacidcloudsfloateverywherecausingviolentchainreactionstobreakout.Thesecloudsnotonlyblockedoutthepilots’sightbutalsodamagedtheenginesystem.Luckily,thepilotswatchedoutcarefullyandpreventedthespaceshipfromcrashingintime. MK二號(hào)是一顆幾十億公里外的行星，它在許多宗教里都是生命起源的地方。物理學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明了它溫和的氣候和重力的牽引都和地球相似的理論；天文學(xué)家也通過衛(wèi)星，在它的大氣層里發(fā)現(xiàn)了氧原子和二氧化碳的存在，這些都是對(duì)生命來說，都是基本的。受到這一消息的鼓舞，生物學(xué)家們接著開始了研究以解開人們的迷惑——既然有了適合的條件，生命真的存在于這個(gè)星球嗎？他們是通過下蛋，還是產(chǎn)仔來繁殖后代的呢？ 上個(gè)月，一艘太空飛船被派到了那兒?？上У氖?，這次任務(wù)失敗了。不像地球，MK二號(hào)是一顆年輕得多的行星。因此，大團(tuán)大團(tuán)的有害酸云到處漂浮，引起猛烈的連鎖反應(yīng)的爆發(fā)。這些云團(tuán)不僅阻擋了飛行員的視線，而且還損壞了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)。幸運(yùn)的是，飛行員小心注意，才及時(shí)阻止了飛船的墜毀。26.HappyMarriageNeedsFightingFor幸福的婚姻需要爭(zhēng)取(Unit2Robots,Book7)Asatalentednavyofficer,hewasboundtobebusy.Whenhiswiferanghimuptodeclareherdivorcealarm,hewasstillscanningadigitalcountertocheckthedatasoastogiveanassessmentofthetheoreticalframeworkforabiochemicalweapon.Hisjuniorstaff’ssympathymadehimfeelembarrassed.Hiswifewasaparttimeclerk.Withhishighbonus,shelivedinagrandhousewithelegantcushionsandbedding.Herfavourwasreadingstars’biographiesorabsurdfictionswithendlesschaptersinherarmchair.Peopleenviedherleisurelifeverymuch.Butinfact,shewastiredofbeingleftalone.Shesentemailstohismailboxeveryweektostateherthinkingandaskforhisacpaniment,butneverreceivedreplyofsatisfaction.Tiredofhisexplanationthathemustobeytheorders,shefiledfordivorce.Becausehedesiredtogettheirholyaffectionback,hesetotheraffairsaside.Hetrimmedhisfingernailsshortandchangedhisoverweightfigureaswellashisawfulhaircut.Heworeanaprontopreparedeliciouscuisineforher.Healsoboughtheranecklaceandpilesofflowershopingthattheirreceivercouldturnaround.Afterbeingtestedoutfor3monthsinall,heeventuallysucceeded.作為一名才華出眾的海軍軍官，他注定是要忙碌的。當(dāng)他的妻子打來宣布和他離婚的警告時(shí)，他還在查看一臺(tái)數(shù)碼計(jì)數(shù)器核對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)，以對(duì)一種生物化學(xué)武器的理論框架做出評(píng)估。他的下級(jí)職員表現(xiàn)出的同情使他很尷尬。他的妻子是一位非全日性工作的職員，有了他的高津貼，她住在一所裝飾有優(yōu)雅墊子和寢具的富麗堂皇的屋子里。她的愛好是坐在扶手椅上讀讀明星們的傳記或一些有沒完沒了章節(jié)的荒謬小說。別人都很妒忌她安逸的生活，但是實(shí)際上，她厭透了被獨(dú)自丟下。她每周都給他的郵箱發(fā)電子郵件陳述她的想法，要求他的陪伴，但卻從未收到滿意答復(fù)。受夠了他總是必須服從命令的解釋，她提出了離婚。因?yàn)榭释匦芦@得這份神圣的愛，他把別的事務(wù)都放在一邊。他剪短了指甲，改變了超重的身材和糟糕的發(fā)型，還穿上圍裙為她做可口的菜肴，他甚至還給她買了項(xiàng)鏈和成堆的鮮花，希望它們的接受者能夠回心轉(zhuǎn)意。在經(jīng)受考驗(yàn)了總共3個(gè)月后，他最終成功了。27.BeCarefulaboutCloning謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待克隆(Unit2Cloning,Book8)Afteraseriesofinitialexperimentsandcorrections,thescientist’shardworkpaidoffwhenthetwincloneturkeyswerehatchedwithnormalfeatherandclaws.Thisbreakthroughpossiblyenabledpeopletobringtheiradoredpetsbacktolife.However,itbotheredhimfromtimetotimethattheirhealthwasinpoorconditionbecausetheywereunabletoresistillnesses.Thisdrawbackcasthimdown.Merely2weekslater,theclonesandtheircarrierdied,whichstruckfrustrationintohisheart.Heretiredbeforeheattainedhisambitionandbecameamemberofanoperachorustorelievehisdepression.Shortlyafterwards,themediapublishedaconservativeargumentobjectingtocloningowingtomoralproblems,andsuggestedtheconstitutionincludepulsoryregulationstoforbidobtainingmercialprofitsfromcloning.Wheninterviewed,thescientiststaredatthedecorationsontheceiling,thinkingforawhile,andthensaid,“I’mnotinfavourofanyarbitraryassumption,butundertakingcloningdoesdifferfromthestraightforwardprocedureofmakingloafsoutofflour.Untilweaccumulateenoughexactknowledge,anypracticeisinvainandisboundtofail.Altogether,beingmorecarefulisreasonableorwemaywalkintoasideroad.”在最初一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)和修正之后，科學(xué)家的辛苦工作終于取得了成功，一對(duì)雙生的克隆火雞孵化出來，羽毛和爪子都很正常。這一突破或許能讓人們使他們喜愛的寵物死而復(fù)生。然而，使他不時(shí)地?zé)赖氖?，因?yàn)樗鼈儫o(wú)法抵抗疾病，使得它們的健康狀況極差。這個(gè)缺點(diǎn)讓他很沮喪。僅僅過了2個(gè)星期，克隆體和母體都死亡了，這使他內(nèi)心里充滿了挫折，他也因此在達(dá)到自己目標(biāo)前就退休了，并選擇加入歌劇合唱團(tuán)來減輕消沉的感覺。之后不久，媒體就因?yàn)榈赖聠栴}而發(fā)表了反對(duì)克隆的保守論點(diǎn)，并且建議憲法應(yīng)該包括強(qiáng)制性的法規(guī)禁止通過克隆獲得商業(yè)利益。當(dāng)被采訪時(shí)，科學(xué)家盯著天花板上的裝飾物思考了一會(huì)兒，說：“我不贊成任何任意的假設(shè)，但是從事克隆與用面粉制作面包的簡(jiǎn)單過程確實(shí)不大相同。在我們積累了足夠的準(zhǔn)確知識(shí)前，任何實(shí)際操作都是徒勞無(wú)功的，注定會(huì)失敗。總而言之，更加謹(jǐn)慎地對(duì)待克隆是合理的，否則我們或許會(huì)誤入歧途?！?8.StrangePatentApplications奇怪的專利申請(qǐng)(Unit3Inventorsandinventions,Book8)Withtheexpectationofdistinguishingtheirownimportance,somepeopleleavethebeatentrackandfilestrangeproductswithusnowandthen,forexample,lanternthatcanbeattachedonyourforehead,cubicwalnuts,refrigeratormadeofstrawandglue,perfumethatnobodycanbeartosmell,andsoon.IsetaboutworkinginthecurrentPatentOfficeafterresigningfromthecourtpersonnel.petentanddynamic,Ineverfeelpassivewhiledivingintotheidentificationsofwhetherapplicationsarevalidandpracticalaccordingtothenewversionofthecriteria.。Once,amanmadeatrianglehelicopteroutofstainlesswiresandstring.Hecalledusupandmerrilyclaimeditwasstableandconvenienttouse,andneveroutoforder.Iaskedhimtohangon,butthisinnocentmanjustrangoffandsetouttoflyfromhiscourtyard.Idialedhisnumberinthedirectorytryingtoringhimback,butnevergotthrough.Merciful