新托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句120句(分析+譯文)

新托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句120句〔分析+譯文〕1.TotallywithoutlightandsubjectedtointensepressureshundredsoftimesgreaterthanattheEarth’ssurface，thedeep—oceanbottomisahostileenvironmenttohumans，insomewaysasforbiddingandremoteasthevoidofouterspace.(定語(yǔ)后置insomeways…)由于完全沒(méi)有光，而且承受著比在地球外表大數(shù)百倍的極大壓力，深海底部對(duì)人類而言是一個(gè)充滿敵意的環(huán)境，在某些方面就像外層空間一樣險(xiǎn)惡和遙遠(yuǎn)。分句1：Totallywithoutlightandsubjectedtointensepressures分句2：hundredsoftimesgreaterthanattheEarth’ssurface分句3：thedeep—oceanbottomisahostileenvironmenttohumans分句4：insomewaysasforbiddingandremoteasthevoidofouterspace分句2修飾分句1結(jié)尾的短語(yǔ)intensepressures，分句1是分句3的原因狀語(yǔ)分句3是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定語(yǔ)，修飾分句3的ahostileenvironmenttohumans整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是：原因狀語(yǔ)+主句+后置定語(yǔ)這是主句前后分別有狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)的修飾成分，但是本句其實(shí)不是復(fù)合句。句子的核心意思是深海對(duì)于人類而言是一個(gè)充滿敵意的環(huán)境。2.BasictoanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWaristhecountry'simpressivepopulationgrowth．(倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)Basictoanyunderstanding…is…)要理解二戰(zhàn)之后20年中的加拿大，就必須了解該國(guó)驚人的人口增長(zhǎng)。分句1：BasictoanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWar分句2：is分句3：thecountry'simpressivepopulationgrowth分句1，2，3共同構(gòu)成倒裝句，正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是3，2，1，即：該句的正常語(yǔ)序是Thecountry'simpressivepopulationgrowthisbasictoanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWar．本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，只不過(guò)使用了倒裝，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is.3.Asaresult，claimsthateatingadietconsistingentirelyoforganicallygrownfoodspreventsorcuresdiseaseorprovidesotherbenefitstohealthhavebecomewidelypublicizedandformthebasisforfolklore．(同位語(yǔ)從句claimsthat…)結(jié)果，那些認(rèn)為只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進(jìn)健康的觀點(diǎn)廣為人知，并成為一些民間說(shuō)法的根底。分句1：thateatingadietconsistingentirelyoforganicallygrownfoodspreventsorcuresdiseaseorprovidesotherbenefitstohealth分句2：claimshavebecomewidelypublicizedandformthebasisforfolklore分句2嵌套分句1，分句1作為分句2主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)從句嵌套在分句2中。因此本句的主句是claimshavebecomewidelypublicizedandformthebasisforfolklore.那些觀點(diǎn)廣為人知，并成為一些民間說(shuō)法的根底。同位語(yǔ)從句是thateatingadietconsistingentirelyoforganicallygrownfoodspreventsorcuresdiseaseorprovidesotherbenefitstohealth：只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進(jìn)健康4.Therearenumerousunsubstantiatedreportsthatnaturalvitaminsaresuperiortosyntheticones，thatfertilizedeggsarenutritionallysuperiortounfertilizedeggs，thatuntreatedgrainsarebetterthanfumigatedgrainsandthelike．(并列同位語(yǔ)從句reportsthat…，that…，that…)關(guān)于天然維生素優(yōu)于人造維生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值更高，未經(jīng)熏蒸消毒處理的谷物比經(jīng)過(guò)處理的好等等報(bào)道屢見(jiàn)不鮮，但都沒(méi)有得到證實(shí)。分句1：Therearenumerousunsubstantiatedreports分句2：naturalvitaminsaresuperiortosyntheticones分句3：thatfertilizedeggsarenutritionallysuperiortounfertilizedeggs分句4：thatuntreatedgrainsarebetterthanfumigatedgrainsandthelike分句1是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句的主句，分句2、分句3和分句4是并列關(guān)系，共同構(gòu)成分句1的同位語(yǔ)從句。本句的意思是有很多沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)證實(shí)的報(bào)道，然后并列了三個(gè)未經(jīng)過(guò)證實(shí)的報(bào)道的從句。5·ThedesperateplightoftheSouthhaseclipsedthefactthatreconstructionhadtobeundertakenalsointheNorth，thoughlessspectacularly．(同位語(yǔ)從句factthat…)南方極為嚴(yán)重的困境使北方同樣需要開(kāi)始重建(盡管不像南方那么引人注目)這一事實(shí)顯得不太重要。分句1.ThedesperateplightoftheSouthhaseclipsedthefact分句2.reconstructionhadtobeundertakenalsointheNorth分句3.thoughlessspectacularly〔省略〕1和2嵌套1和3并列6·Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundtheperipheryofalmosteverymajorcitysparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledwhatwenowknowasurbansprawl．(賓語(yǔ)從句whatwenowknowas)現(xiàn)在可以獲得這些環(huán)繞幾乎每個(gè)大城市邊緣地區(qū)的土地，這一可能性激發(fā)了一場(chǎng)房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)的熱潮并造成了我們現(xiàn)在稱為城區(qū)無(wú)方案擴(kuò)展的現(xiàn)象。分句1：Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundtheperipheryofalmosteverymajorcitysparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueled分句2：whatwenowknowasurbansprawl分句1嵌套分句2，即分句1是主句，分句2是賓語(yǔ)從句，主句結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)過(guò)精簡(jiǎn)應(yīng)該是Thenewaccessibilityoflandsparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledurbansprawl。本句的理解困難還來(lái)自于抽象詞fuel，它作為名詞的含義廣為人知，是能源、燃料，作為動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候的意思就可以引申為促使、造成。7.Butthesefactorsdonotaccountfortheinterestingquestionofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaursinaparticularplaceveryclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth．(Of結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)：ofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaurs…)但這些因素并不能解釋這個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題：為何在一個(gè)特定的地點(diǎn)會(huì)如此集中地出現(xiàn)即將臨產(chǎn)的懷孕魚(yú)龍群。分句1：Butthesefactorsdonotaccountfortheinterestingquestion分句2：ofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaursinaparticularplaceveryclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth分句1嵌套分句2.分句2是Of結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾說(shuō)明question的內(nèi)容。8.Amidrumorsthattherewereprehistoricmammothswanderingaroundtheunknownregionandthatsomewhereinitswildswasamountainofrocksalt80by45milesinextent，thetwocaptainssetout．(同位語(yǔ)從句rumorsthat…)當(dāng)時(shí)有一些傳言，說(shuō)有史前的猛犸在這一陌生的區(qū)域活動(dòng)，而且在這一區(qū)域的某個(gè)地方有一座巨大的鹽石山，其面積達(dá)80英里長(zhǎng)50英里寬。就在這些傳言中，兩位上尉出發(fā)了。分句1：Amidrumors分句2：thattherewereprehistoricmammothswanderingaroundtheunknownregion分句3：andthatsomewhereinitswildswasamountainofrocksalt80by45milesinextent分句4：thetwocaptainssetout分句1和分句4構(gòu)成倒裝，正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是分句4+分句1，即thetwocaptainssetoutAmidrumors。分句1嵌套分句2和分句3，分句2和分句3是修飾分句1的rumors的同位語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)說(shuō)明謠言的具體內(nèi)容。分句2和分句3構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。9.Intheseventeenthcenturytheorgan,theclavichord，andtheharpsichordbecamethechiefinstrumentsofthekeyboardgroup，asupremacytheymaintaineduntilthepianosupplantedthemattheendoftheeighteenthcentury．(同位語(yǔ)asupremacy)17世紀(jì)時(shí)風(fēng)琴、敲弦琴和撥弦琴成為鍵盤(pán)樂(lè)器類的主要成員，這種至高無(wú)上的地位一直由它們保持，直到18世紀(jì)末被鋼琴所取代。分句1：Intheseventeenthcenturytheorgan,theclavichord，andtheharpsichordbecamethechiefinstrumentsofthekeyboardgroup，分句2：asupremacytheymaintaineduntilthepianosupplantedthemattheendoftheeighteenthcentury分句2是分句1的同位語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)修飾說(shuō)明分句1中的thechiefinstrumentsofthekeyboardgroup10．Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuingwellintothenineteenthcentury,includingtheintroductionofpedalstosustaintoneortosoftenit,theperfectionofametalframeandsteelwireofthefinestquality，finallyproducedaninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffectsfromthemostdelicateharmoniestoanalmostorchestralfullnessofsound，fromaliquid，singingtonetoasharp,percussivebrilliance．(介詞結(jié)構(gòu)from…to…作定語(yǔ))持續(xù)到19世紀(jì)的一系列機(jī)械上的改良，包括引入踏板以維持音調(diào)或使其柔和，改善金屬框架，以及使用最正確牲能的鋼絲，最終產(chǎn)生了一種具備無(wú)數(shù)音調(diào)效果的樂(lè)器——這些效果涵蓋了從最精致的和聲到幾乎全部的管弦樂(lè)音響，從明快流暢的吟唱音調(diào)到鋒利的打擊樂(lè)器的恢弘氣氛。分句1：Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuingwellintothenineteenthcentury分句2：includingtheintroductionofpedalstosustaintoneortosoftenit分句3：theperfectionofametalframeandsteelwireofthefinestquality分句4：finallyproducedaninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffects分句5：fromthemostdelicateharmoniestoanalmostorchestralfullnessofsound，分句6：fromaliquid，singingtonetoasharp,percussivebrilliance本句的真正的主句結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)是由分句1和分句4構(gòu)成，即Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuingwellintothenineteenthcenturyfinallyproducedaninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffects，，分句2和分句3并列修飾說(shuō)明分句1中的Aseriesofmechanicalimprovements，而分句5和分句6并列，修飾說(shuō)明了分句4中的aninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffects11．ThelargestlaternamedPuebloBonito(PrettyTown)bytheSpanish,roseinfiveterracedstories，containedmorethan800rooms，andcouldhavehousedapopulationof1，000ormore．最大的一座后來(lái)被西班牙人稱為PuebloBonito(美麗的城鎮(zhèn))，是一個(gè)五層梯式樓，有800多間房子，能夠容納1000人以上。分句1：Thelargestroseinfiveterracedstories，containedmorethan800rooms，andcouldhavehousedapopulationof1，000ormore分句2：laternamedPuebloBonito(PrettyTown)bytheSpanish分句1嵌套分句2，分句2用來(lái)修飾分句1的主語(yǔ)thelargest,分句1內(nèi)部是由三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的句子。12．Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”，thefilmhasneverbeen，inthefullsenseoftheword,silent．(倒裝accustomedthoughweare…=thoughweareaccustomed…)雖然我們習(xí)慣于將1927年以前的電影叫做“無(wú)聲電影”，但是就“無(wú)聲’’這個(gè)詞的完整意義上說(shuō)，電影從未真正的無(wú)聲過(guò)。分句1：Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”分句2：thefilmhasneverbeensilent分句3：inthefullsenseoftheword本句的難點(diǎn)是在分句1內(nèi)部有一個(gè)倒裝，正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是thoughweareaccustomedtospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927assilent.分句3是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，嵌套在分句2中，所以本句的真正強(qiáng)調(diào)的核心是thefilmhasneverbeensilent。13.Foranumberofyearstheselectionofmusicforeachfilmprogramrestedentirelyinthehandsoftheconductororleaderoftheorchestra，andveryoftentheprincipalqualificationfarholdingsuchapositionwasnotskillortastesomuchastheownershipofalargepersonallibraryofmusicalpieces．(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)not…SOmuchas…——與其說(shuō)…不如說(shuō)…)在好些年內(nèi)，為各部影片選擇配樂(lè)的權(quán)力完全掌握在樂(lè)隊(duì)指揮或隊(duì)長(zhǎng)手中，而通常擔(dān)任這種職位的資格與其說(shuō)是技巧或鑒賞品位，不如說(shuō)是個(gè)人擁有音樂(lè)作品的豐富收藏。分句1：.Foranumberofyearstheselectionofmusicforeachfilmprogramrestedentirelyinthehandsoftheconductororleaderoftheorchestra分句2：andveryoftentheprincipalqualificationfarholdingsuchapositionwasnotskillortastesomuchastheownershipofalargepersonallibraryofmusicalpieces分句1和分句2構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，分句2的難點(diǎn)在于not……somuchas的結(jié)構(gòu)。14·Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity，thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem，tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being．(倒裝coincidentwithconcerns…h(huán)asbeen…=…h(huán)asbeencoincidentwithconcerns…)在對(duì)物種和動(dòng)物棲息地加速消失表示關(guān)注的同時(shí)，人們也越來(lái)越認(rèn)識(shí)到生物多樣化，即一個(gè)特定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中物種的數(shù)量對(duì)地球的健康以及人類幸福的重要性。分句1：Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity分句2：thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem分句3：tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being分句1內(nèi)部構(gòu)成倒裝，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是concernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeencoincidentwithagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversitytothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being所以真正的主句經(jīng)過(guò)精簡(jiǎn)之后是concernshasbeencoincidentwithagrowingappreciation分句2是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明分句1結(jié)尾的biologicaldiversity15.Thefactthathalfoftheknownspeciesarethoughttoinhabittheworld'srainforestsdoesnotseemsurprising，consideringthehugenumbersofinsectsthatcomprisethebulkofthespecies．(同位語(yǔ)從句factthat…；定語(yǔ)從句thatcomprisethebulk…)考慮到組成大局部物種的昆蟲(chóng)的巨大數(shù)量，認(rèn)為半數(shù)的物種棲息在世界的雨林中這一事實(shí)看起來(lái)并不令人吃驚。分句1：Thefactdoesnotseemsurprising分句2：thathalfoftheknownspeciesarethoughttoinhabittheworld'srainforests分句3：consideringthehugenumbersofinsects分句4：thatcomprisethebulkofthespecies分句1嵌套分句2，分句2解釋說(shuō)明分句1的主語(yǔ)thefact,是同位語(yǔ)從句，分句3作為分句1的原因狀語(yǔ)，分句4是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾分句3的thehugenumbersofinsects16.Toappreciatefullythediversityandabundanceoflifeinthesea，ithelpstothinksmall．(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)ithelpsto…做…有幫助)要充分認(rèn)識(shí)海洋生命的多樣性和豐富性，從小的角度思考有幫助。目的狀語(yǔ)：Toappreciatefullythediversityandabundanceoflifeinthesea,主句：ithelpstothinksmall．〔這里的it是形式主語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義〕17.Scienceisbuiltwithfactsjustasahouseisbuiltwithbricks，butacollectionoffactscannotbecalledscienceanymorethanapileofbrickscanbecalledahouse．(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)notanymorethan像…一樣不…)科學(xué)建立在事實(shí)上，就像房子用磚砌成一樣。但收集的事實(shí)不能被叫做科學(xué)，就像一堆磚不能被稱為房子一樣。分句1.Scienceisbuiltwithfactsjustasahouseisbuiltwithbricks,分句2.butacollectionoffactscannotbecalledscienceanymorethanapileofbrickscanbecalledahouse.1和2是并列分句〔轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系〕18.Thevariationbetweenthehemispherescorrespondstowhichsideofthebodyisusedtoperformspecificactivities．(從句whichside…isused…作correspondsto的賓語(yǔ)兩個(gè)半球之間的不同與身體的哪一局部用于進(jìn)行特定的活動(dòng)是對(duì)應(yīng)的。分句1.Thevariationbetweenthehemispherescorrespondsto分句2.whichsideofthebodyisusedtoperformspecificactivities．1和2是嵌套1是主句，2做主句的賓語(yǔ)19.InaperiodcharacterizedbytheabandonmentofsomuchoftherealistictraditionbyauthorssuchasJohnBarth，DonaldBarthelme，andThomasPynchon,JoyceCarolOateshasseemedattimesdeterminedlyold-fashionedinherinsistenceODtheessentiallymimeticqualityofherfiction．(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)characterizedby…——以…為特征)盡管處于一個(gè)以拋棄大量現(xiàn)實(shí)主義傳統(tǒng)(以作家約翰·巴思、唐納德·巴塞爾姆和托馬斯．品欽為代表)為特征的時(shí)代，喬伊斯·卡羅爾·歐茨因?yàn)閳?jiān)持自己小說(shuō)本質(zhì)上模仿的特點(diǎn)，有時(shí)候看起來(lái)是一個(gè)堅(jiān)決的守舊派。分句1.characterizedbytheabandonmentofsomuchoftherealistictraditionbyauthorssuchasJohnBarth，DonaldBarthelme，andThomasPynchon,分句2.JoyceCarolOateshasseemedattimesdeterminedlyold-fashionedinherinsistenceODtheessentiallymimeticqualityofherfiction．分句1做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Inaperiod”的后置定語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充修飾period，相當(dāng)于省略了“whichwas”的定語(yǔ)從句分句2是主句20．Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty，theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinshorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence．(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)如果不是具有這種能力，它們就會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)吞掉所有能得到的食物，而且很可能會(huì)因餓死而滅絕。分句1.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty分句2.theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinshorttime分句3.wouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence分句1是虛擬句的條件從句分句2、3是并列，主句light,新托福,分析,hundreds,without分享到:QQ空間騰訊微博騰訊朋友分享0收藏0支持0反對(duì)0樓主熱帖精華推薦邱政政托福聽(tīng)力十大必備段子聽(tīng)力20篇聽(tīng)力新思維TOEFL作文模板15套新托福免費(fèi)?？既媛?tīng)力〔原文).pdf下載托福聽(tīng)力必背的100個(gè)單詞新托福聽(tīng)力小詞經(jīng)典100例新托福閱讀材料大禮包猴哥托福詞頻9000詞組1200〔7.0版〕免費(fèi)下載貼〔機(jī)經(jīng)〕2010年新托福機(jī)經(jīng)〔大陸和北美〕－完整、清晰、很值得下載的資料新托福?？纪粨袈?tīng)力配套音頻Toefl_IBT_ON_LINE_TEST〔托福在線?？肌硠⑽挠?001頁(yè)托福復(fù)習(xí)資料十天內(nèi)提高單詞量到20000分享到人人相關(guān)帖子•ETS官方解答新托福考生最關(guān)注的18個(gè)難題•新托?？谡Z(yǔ)：官方考情泄密•新托福寫(xiě)作：官方考情泄密•新托?？谡Z(yǔ)考前30天練習(xí)進(jìn)度•托福口語(yǔ)真題：描述物品•你不可不知：新托福寫(xiě)作的11種錯(cuò)誤分析•如何練習(xí)新托福聽(tīng)力•北美大學(xué)入學(xué)新托福錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線•【公告】全球iBT新托福閱讀局部時(shí)間設(shè)置進(jìn)行調(diào)整•新托福學(xué)術(shù)詞匯(爆搶分類整理)，與大家分享～使用道具舉報(bào)沉默卡星辰星辰當(dāng)前離線TOEFL成績(jī)143分最后登錄2012-1-13精華0主題19積分3519閱讀權(quán)限200注冊(cè)時(shí)間2011-8-25帖子64管理員TOEFL成績(jī)143分閱讀權(quán)限200主題19精華0積分3519帖子64串個(gè)門(mén)加好友打招呼發(fā)消息沙發(fā)發(fā)表于2011-8-3011:09:51|只看該作者21．Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkcultures，asaresocialclasses．(倒裝asaresocialclasses)’個(gè)人主義和社會(huì)階層在民間文化群體中的開(kāi)展十分薄弱。分句1.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkcultures分句2.asaresocialclasses1和2并列，2采用倒裝語(yǔ)序，as表示“也，和…一樣”22．PeopleintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcenturywerehauntedbytheprospectthatunprecedentedchangeinthenation'seconomywouldbringsocialchaos．(同位語(yǔ)從句prospectthat…)19世紀(jì)的美國(guó)人因?yàn)楹ε聡?guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)中史無(wú)前例的變化會(huì)帶來(lái)社會(huì)混亂這一前景而提心吊膽。分句1.PeopleintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcenturywerehauntedbytheprospect分句2.unprecedentedchangeinthenation'seconomywouldbringsocialchaos．1和2嵌套，1是主句，2具體解釋說(shuō)明prospect23．Accompanyingthatgrowthwasastructuralchangethatfeaturedincreasingeconomicdiversificationandagradualshiftinthenation'slaborforcefromagriculturetomanufacturingandothernonagriculturalpursuits．(倒裝Accompanyingthatgrowthwasastructuralchangethat…=Astructuralchange…wasaccompanyingthatgrowth)伴隨著這一增長(zhǎng)的是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)變化，它以經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷多樣化和國(guó)家勞動(dòng)力從農(nóng)業(yè)到制造業(yè)和其他非農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)的逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為特征。分句1.Accompanyingthatgrowthwasastructuralchange分句2.featuredincreasingeconomicdiversificationandagradualshiftinthenation'slaborforcefromagriculturetomanufacturingandothernonagriculturalpursuits1和2是嵌套分句1是主句，且采用完全倒裝的形式分句2是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾change.這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，由2個(gè)and連接三個(gè)并列的名詞性成分24．Astherolesmenandwomenplayedinsocietybecamemorerigidlydefined,sodidtherolestheyplayedinthehome．(倒裝sodid…)隨著男人和女人在社會(huì)中扮演的角色被限定得更加嚴(yán)格，他們?cè)诩抑械慕巧彩侨绱?。分?.therolesbecamemorerigidlydefined分句2.menandwomenplayedinsociety分句3.sodidtheroles分句4.theyplayedinthehome．1和2嵌套，3和4嵌套1和3并列2和4分別作為定語(yǔ)從句修飾roles3是由so引導(dǎo)的局部倒裝句25.Surroundingthecolumnarethreesepalsandthreepetals，sometimeseasilyrecognizableassuch，oftendistortedintogorgeous，weird，butalwaysfunctionalshapes．(倒裝Surroundingthecolumnare…)圍繞著蕊柱的是三個(gè)萼片和三個(gè)花瓣，有時(shí)很容易識(shí)別出來(lái)，但經(jīng)常被扭成華美、奇特但總是有用的形狀。分句1.Surroundingthecolumnarethreesepalsandthreepetals分句2.sometimeseasilyrecognizableassuch，oftendistortedintogorgeous，weird，butalwaysfunctionalshapes．1是主句，采用完全倒裝26．WiththegrowingprosperitybroughtonbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit，youngpeoplemarriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlierandbegantoraiselargerfamiliesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression．(倒裝thanhadtheirpredecessors—比擬結(jié)構(gòu)的第二局部)隨著二戰(zhàn)帶來(lái)的持續(xù)繁榮以及隨之而來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，年輕人比大蕭條中的同齡人結(jié)婚成家更早，而且養(yǎng)育的家庭比他們的前輩更大。分句1.thegrowingprosperitybroughtonbytheSecondWorldWar分句2.theeconomicboomthatfollowedit分句3.youngpeoplemarriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlier分句4.begantoraiselargerfamiliesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression．1和2并列，3和4并列1和2是伴隨狀語(yǔ)3和4是主句27．Therailroadcouldbeandwasadespoilerofnature；furthermore，initsmanifestationofspeedandnoise，itmightbeadespoilerofhumannatureaswell．(關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)couldbeandwas)鐵路可以，事實(shí)上也是自然的掠奪者；而且，在其速度和噪音的表現(xiàn)上也可能是人性的掠奪者。分句1.Therailroadcouldbeandwasadespoilerofnature分句2.itmightbeadespoilerofhumannatureaswell．1和2是并列〔由分號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)并列分句〕28．Intherailroads'primeyears，between1890and1920，therewereafewindividualsintheUnitedStates，mostofthemwithsolidrailroadingexperiencebehindthem，whomadeaprofessionofwritingaboutrailroading--worksofferingtheambienceofstations，yards，andlocomotivecabs．(同位語(yǔ)mostofthem；定語(yǔ)從句whomadeaprofessionofwriting)在1890年到1920年間鐵路的黃金時(shí)期，美國(guó)有幾個(gè)人(他們大多有豐富的鐵路經(jīng)驗(yàn))以寫(xiě)鐵路題材為職業(yè)——作品圍繞車站、停車場(chǎng)和機(jī)車。分句1.therewereafewindividualsintheUnitedStates分句2.mostofthemwithsolidrailroadingexperiencebehindthem分句3.whomadeaprofessionofwritingaboutrailroading分句4.worksofferingtheambienceofstations，yards，andlocomotivecabs．1是主句2和3是嵌套2作為1中afewindividuals的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)它進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明29．Ontheotherhand，whenitcomestosubstantive--particularlybehavioral-information，crowsarelesswellknownthanmanycomparablycommonspeciesand，forthatmatter，notafewquiteuncommonones：theendangeredCaliforniacondor，tociteoneobviousexample．(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)forthatmatter)另一方面，當(dāng)涉及實(shí)質(zhì)性的，特別是行為方面的信息時(shí)，烏鴉就不如許多比擬而言很普通的鳥(niǎo)類那樣為人所知；而且，也不如許多很不尋常的鳥(niǎo)類，舉一個(gè)明顯的例子，如像瀕危的加利福尼亞大禿鷲那樣為人所知。分句1.whenitcomestosubstantive--particularlybehavioral-information分句2.crowsarelesswellknownthanmanycomparablycommonspeciesand,forthatmatter，notafewquiteuncommonones：theendangeredCaliforniacondor，tociteoneobviousexample．1和2是并列，分句1是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，2是主句，其中包含插入語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)以及冒號(hào)連接的解釋說(shuō)明的成分30．Keenobserversandquicklearners，theyareastuteabouttheintentionsofothercreatures，includingresearchers，andadeptatavoidingthem．(并列同位語(yǔ)keenobserversandquicklearners)烏鴉是敏銳的觀察家和快捷的學(xué)習(xí)者，它們對(duì)其他生物(包括研究人員)的意圖感覺(jué)非常敏銳，并且善于躲開(kāi)它們。分句1.theyareastuteabouttheintentionsofothercreatures，includingresearchers分句2.andadeptatavoidingthem．1和2是并列31．Theseresearchershavesoughttodemonstratethattheirworkcanbeavaluabletoolnotonlyofsciencebutalsoofhistory，providingfleshinsightsintothedailylivesofordinarypeoplewhoseexistencesmightnototherwisebesowelldocumented．(賓語(yǔ)從句demonstratethat…；特殊結(jié)構(gòu)otherwise)這些研究人員已經(jīng)力圖證實(shí)他們的工作不僅可以成為科學(xué)而且還是歷史的珍貴工具，為了解普通人的日常生活提供嶄新的觀點(diǎn)，否那么這些普通人的生存狀態(tài)不可能被記載得這么好。分句1：Theseresearchershavesoughttodemonstratethat分句2：theirworkcanbeavaluabletoolnotonlyofsciencebutalsoofhistory分句3：providingfleshinsightsintothedailylivesofordinarypeople分句4：whoseexistencesmightnototherwisebesowelldocumented．分句1是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子的主句分句2是分句1的賓語(yǔ)從句分句3是動(dòng)詞同位語(yǔ)從句，以分詞形式表示伴隨狀態(tài)分句4補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，是3的從句。1和2嵌套1和3并列3和4嵌套32．LegendhasitthatsometimetowardtheendoftheCivilWar(1861--1865)agovernmenttraincarryingoxentravelingthroughthenorthernplainsofeasternWyomingwascaughtinasnowstormandhadtobeabandoned．(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)Legendhasitthat…=Thereisalegendthat…)傳說(shuō)在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)(1861--1865)快結(jié)束的某個(gè)時(shí)候，一列載著牛群的政府的火車在穿過(guò)懷俄明州東部的北部平原時(shí)遇到了暴風(fēng)雪，因此不得不被遺棄。分句1：Legendhasitthat分句2：sometimetowardtheendoftheCivilWar(1861--1865)agovernmenttraincarryingoxentravelingthroughthenorthernplainsofeasternWyomingwascaughtinasnowstorm分句3：andhadtobeabandoned分句1是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子的形式主句分句2是分句1的具體解釋，也是真正的主句。這里出現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)分詞形式，如“carryingoxen”“travelingthrough……”等，完全可以換成“that/whichcarries……”，但這里都作為修飾成分，從簡(jiǎn)分析分句3是2的并列1和2、3嵌套2和3并列33．Itisalifelongprocess，aprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschoolandonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone'sentirelife．(并列同位語(yǔ)aprocessthat…，andonethat…)教育是一個(gè)終生的過(guò)程，早在人們上學(xué)之前就開(kāi)始了。它應(yīng)成為人的一生中不可缺少的一局部。分句1：Itisalifelongprocess，aprocess分句2：thatstartslongbeforethestartofschool分句3：andonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone'sentirelife分句1是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子的形式主句分句2是分句1的同位語(yǔ)從句，是對(duì)1的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明分句3是2的并列句，同為對(duì)1的解釋說(shuō)明1和2、3嵌套2和3并列34．Life'stransitionfromtheseatothelandwasperhapsasmuchofanevolutionarychallengeaswasthegenesisoflife．(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)asmuch…as；倒裝aswasthegenesisoflife)生命從海洋到陸地的過(guò)渡可能是一個(gè)像生命起源那樣的進(jìn)化挑戰(zhàn)。分句1：Life'stransitionfromtheseatothelandwasperhapsasmuchofanevolutionarychallenge分句2：aswasthegenesisoflife分句1是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子的主句，雖然這一局部很長(zhǎng)，但主謂賓只有一套，而且順序是正常的分句2是倒裝句，按正當(dāng)語(yǔ)序相當(dāng)于“thegenesisoflifewasas……〔省略〕”1和2嵌套35．Inagriculture，thetransformationwasmarkedbytheemergenceofthegrainelevators，thecottonpresses，thewarehouses，andthecommodityexchangesthatseemedtosomanyofthenation'sfarmersthevisiblesignofavastconspiracyagainstthem．(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)markedby；定語(yǔ)從句thatseemed…thevisiblesign…)在農(nóng)業(yè)上，這一變化的標(biāo)志是谷物升降機(jī)、皮棉打包機(jī)廠、貨棧和商品交換的出現(xiàn),對(duì)全國(guó)的眾多農(nóng)民來(lái)說(shuō)它們是反對(duì)農(nóng)民的大陰謀的明顯標(biāo)志。分句1：Inagriculture，thetransformationwasmarkedbytheemergenceofthegrainelevators，thecottonpresses，thewarehouses，andthecommodityexchanges分句2：thatseemedtosomanyofthenation'sfarmersthevisiblesignofavastconspiracyagainstthem分句1是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子的主句，其中賓語(yǔ)局部是由幾個(gè)并列短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的分句2是分句1的定語(yǔ)從句，進(jìn)一步解釋了這些東西何以成為了“標(biāo)志”1和2嵌套36．Andtherewerefactoriesinoccupationssuchasmetalworkwhereindividualcontractorspresidedoverwhatwereessentiallyhandicraftproprietorshipsthatcoexistedwithinasinglebuilding．(where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；what引導(dǎo)的從句作presidedover的賓語(yǔ))仍然有像金屬制造廠一類的工廠，在那里個(gè)體承包商管理在同一幢樓里的本質(zhì)上是手工藝品所有人的工場(chǎng)。分句1：Andtherewerefactoriesinoccupationssuchasmetalwork分句2：whereindividualcontractorspresidedover分句3：whatwereessentiallyhandicraftproprietorships分句4：thatcoexistedwithinasinglebuilding分句1是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子的主句分句2是分句1的定語(yǔ)從句分句3是2的賓語(yǔ)從句分句4是3的定語(yǔ)從句。1和2嵌套2和3嵌套3和4嵌套37．Butasthenumberofwageearner