北京市東城區(qū)2020-2021學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題

20202021學(xué)年北京市東城區(qū)高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題本試卷共8頁，共100分考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘，考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)東后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分:知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，25分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題每小題1.5分，共5分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduring______1______Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,“Paris’seyesrolledback.”Taylorsays,“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasa(n)____2____”.Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Without_____3_____medicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswere_____4_____.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”_____5_____,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthe___6___betweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammates_____7_____.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luck_____8_____withthem:Paris’sheartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky,”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon’t_____9_____this.Myteamsavedmylife.”Today,Parisis______10______onthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,”Taylorsays,“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”1.A.celebration B.service C.experiment D.practice2.A.situation B.action C.training D.emergency3.A.unusual B.personal C.immediate D.mental4.A.inshock B.inrelief C.inamazement D.inexcitement5.A.Unfortunately B.Obviously C.Undoubtedly D.Amazingly6.A.impression B.difference C.experience D.connection7.A.setout B.calmdown C.givein D.standout8.A.knocked B.began C.stayed D.joined9.A.survive B.promise C.accept D.realize10.A.out B.over C.back D.through【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.A5.D6.B7.B8.C9.A10.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，Taylor在一次學(xué)校壘球比賽中用心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)及時(shí)救助了患有突發(fā)性心臟衰竭的女孩Paris，Paris非常感激，感到很幸運(yùn)，又回到了壘球隊(duì)中。Taylor馬上就要上大學(xué)，在這次事件的激勵(lì)下，想要成為一名護(hù)士?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：衛(wèi)斯理學(xué)院壘球隊(duì)的女孩們?cè)诰毩?xí)時(shí)等待下一輪擊球。A.celebration慶祝；B.service服務(wù)；C.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；D.practice練習(xí)。根據(jù)上文“werewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbat”可知，此處是指在練習(xí)期間等待下一輪擊球。故選D。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道這是緊急情況。A.situation形勢(shì)；B.action行動(dòng)；C.training訓(xùn)練；D.emergency緊急情況。根據(jù)上文“Paris’seyesrolledback.(帕里斯的眼睛向后轉(zhuǎn))”，“Shestartedshaking.(她開始發(fā)抖)”和下文“Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.(Paris突然心臟衰竭)”可知，Paris發(fā)病了，這是緊急情況。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果不立即采取醫(yī)療措施，Paris將一命嗚呼。A.unusual不尋常的；B.personal個(gè)人的；C.immediate立即的；D.mental精神的。根據(jù)上文“Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.(Paris突然心臟衰竭)”和下文“TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR(泰勒跑到Paris身邊開始做心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù))”可知，Paris發(fā)病了，此處是指需要立即采取醫(yī)療措施。故選C?！?題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：女孩們震驚了。A.inshock處于極度震驚狀態(tài)；B.inrelief松了口氣；C.inamazement驚奇地；D.inexcitement興奮地。根據(jù)上文“Atfirst,noonemoved.(起初，沒有人移動(dòng))”可知，Paris突然心臟衰竭，如果不立即采取醫(yī)療措施，Paris將一命嗚呼，但沒人行動(dòng)起來，說明女孩們此時(shí)都感到很震驚，不知道怎么反應(yīng)了。故選A?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：令人驚訝的是，Taylor前一天剛剛參加了心肺復(fù)蘇課程。A.Unfortunately不幸的是；B.Obviously明顯地；C.Undoubtedly毫無疑問地；D.Amazingly令人驚訝的是。根據(jù)下文“TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore”可知，這是一件很湊巧的事，所以令人驚訝。故選D。【6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道這是生與死的區(qū)別。A.impression印象；B.difference區(qū)別；C.experience經(jīng)歷；D.connection聯(lián)系。根據(jù)下文“betweenlifeanddeath”和上文“Itwasscary.(太可怕了)”可知，此處是指情況危急，病人要么是生，要么是死，所以這是生與死的區(qū)別。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：Taylor的迅速行動(dòng)幫助隊(duì)友們冷靜下來。A.setout出發(fā)；B.calmdown冷靜下來；C.givein屈服；D.standout脫穎而出。根據(jù)上文“Thegirlswereinshock”，“TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR”和下文“Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.(一個(gè)女孩撥打了911。還有兩個(gè)人跑去找學(xué)校的護(hù)士，護(hù)士帶了一個(gè)可以電擊心臟恢復(fù)工作狀態(tài)的設(shè)備)”可知，Taylor開始給Paris做心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)幫助震驚中的隊(duì)友們冷靜下來，女孩們開始行動(dòng)起來。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)與他們同在：Paris的心跳又回來了。A.knocked敲；B.began開始；C.stayed待；D.joined參加。根據(jù)下文“Paris’sheartbeatreturned.”和上文“TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore”可知，Paris突然心臟衰竭，但Taylor前一天剛剛參加了心肺復(fù)蘇課程，通過努力，Paris的心跳又回來了，此處是指幸運(yùn)與她們同在。故選C。【9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：大多數(shù)人都活不下來。A.survive生還；B.promise承諾；C.accept接受；D.realize實(shí)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文“IknowIwasreallylucky(我知道我真的很幸運(yùn))”可知，從這種急癥中生還是很幸運(yùn)的事，所以大多數(shù)人都活不下來。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：今天，Paris又回到了壘球隊(duì)。A.out向外；B.over結(jié)束；C.back回原處；D.through從一端到另一端。根據(jù)下文“onthesoftballteam”可知，Paris病好了，肯定會(huì)回到壘球隊(duì)。故選C。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AndestinationtotheSouthPolewiththegreatSirErnestShackleton—thisistheadventure______11______Ihavebeendreamingof.AndIwasreadyforit.Attheageof19,Iamfitandfullofvigour.However,whenIappliedtojointheexpedition,Shackletonturnedmedown______12______hethoughtIwastooyoungandwasn’tqualified.ButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatI______13______(secret)wentaboardhisship,theEndurance,andhidinasmallcupboard.Unfortunately,threedaysafterwesetoffIwasdiscovered.Shackletondidnotwanttoturnbacksoheofferedmeajob.【答案】11.that##which12.because##as13.secretly【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者想與偉大的歐內(nèi)斯特·沙克爾頓爵士一起去南極，但是被拒絕了，于是作者偷偷地登上了他的船，藏在一個(gè)小碗柜里。雖然最后被人發(fā)現(xiàn)了，但是沙克爾頓不想回去，所以他給了作者一份工作?！?1題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：與偉大的歐內(nèi)斯特·沙克爾頓爵士一起去南極——這是我一直夢(mèng)想的冒險(xiǎn)。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞adventure，先行詞在從句中作賓語，指物，故用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which?！?2題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：然而，當(dāng)我申請(qǐng)加入探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)時(shí)，沙克爾頓拒絕了我，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為我太年輕，不合格。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示“因?yàn)椤睉?yīng)用because/as。故填because/as?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：但我對(duì)和他們一起去的想法是如此的感興趣，所以我偷偷地登上了他的船，耐力號(hào)，藏在一個(gè)小碗柜里。修飾動(dòng)詞went應(yīng)用副詞secretly，作狀語。故填secretly。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwas______14______(teach)peopleaboutChristianity.Thus,artistswerenotinterestedinpaintingrealisticscenes.Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwodimensional,andthemaincharacters______15______(make)muchlargerthaneveryoneelsetoshowtheirimportance.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone(12671337).Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.Inparticular,his______16______(painting)aresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.【答案】14.toteach15.weremade16.paintings【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中世紀(jì)歐洲藝術(shù)的宗教性特點(diǎn)和十三世紀(jì)開始?xì)W洲藝術(shù)向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義轉(zhuǎn)化的特征，其中的典型代表就是喬托·迪·邦多內(nèi)的繪畫作品?！?4題詳解】考查todo不定式。句意：在中世紀(jì)，西方藝術(shù)的目的是讓人們了解基督教。plan，goal，purpose等詞后常用不定式作表語，解釋其具體內(nèi)容。故填toteach?！?5題詳解】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：他們的作品通常是原始的和二維的，主要人物被做得比其他人大得多，以顯示他們的重要性。根據(jù)“Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwodimensional”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。動(dòng)詞make意為“制作”，和主語characters構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。主語characters為復(fù)數(shù)。故填weremade?！?6題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)和主謂一致。句意：他的畫作與其他畫作不同的地方在于逼真的人臉和深刻的情感影響。根據(jù)are可知，主語應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。painting意為“繪畫”，為可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式為paintings。故填paintings。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Thenwhatiscausingtheincreaseintheglobalaveragesurfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocess______17______(call)the“greenhouseeffect”,whichhastwomonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“manmade”greenhouseeffect.The“natural”greenhouseeffect______18______(refer)tothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshortwaveradiation.Theheatisreleasedbackintospaceatlongerwavelengths.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethanecarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,______19______(keep)Earth’sclimatewarmandhabitable.______20______thisprocess,Earthcouldnotsustainlife.However,the“manmade”greenhouseeffecthasnowbeeabigproblem.【答案】17.called18.refers19.keeping20.Without【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。溫室效應(yīng)包括自然溫室效應(yīng)和人為溫室效應(yīng)。文章主要介紹了自然溫室效應(yīng)的定義、作用方式和重要性?！?7題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：氣候科學(xué)家經(jīng)常提到一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的氣候過程，叫做“溫室效應(yīng)”，它有兩個(gè)普遍的含義：“自然的”溫室效應(yīng)和“人為的”溫室效應(yīng)。動(dòng)詞call意為“叫做”，和謂語之間沒有連詞，和邏輯主語process構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作已完成，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。故填called?！?8題詳解】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和主謂一致。句意：“自然”溫室效應(yīng)是指來自太陽的熱量進(jìn)入大氣層，并以短波輻射的形式使地球表面變暖。此處描述客觀事實(shí)，所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。referto意為“指的是”，主語effect為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填refers?！?9題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：大氣中的溫室氣體，如甲烷和二氧化碳，捕獲了部分熱量，保持地球氣候溫暖，適宜居住。動(dòng)詞keep意為“保持”，和謂語之間沒有連詞，此處表示意料之中的結(jié)果應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。故填keeping?！?0題詳解】考查介詞。句意：沒有這個(gè)過程，地球就無法維持生命。根據(jù)“Earthcouldnotsustainlife”可知，此處是指沒有這個(gè)過程，應(yīng)用介詞without表示“沒有”。句首首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Without。第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共4小題每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ASnorkelingwithSealsinNanaimo※Location:Vancouver※Duration:6hoursOnthistrip,you’llhaveanincredibleopportunitytointeractwithseals.FlyfromVancouverHarborforaquickboatridetoSnake※Highlights:TakeaseaplanerideSwimwithsealsintheseaSeeotheranimalssuchasbaldeaglesandgeeseVancouverKayakingTour※Location:Vancouver※Duration:about2hoursSearchingforauniqueoutdoorexperiencewhileinVancouver?DiscoverthebeautyofVancouver’scityskylineandamazingshorelineonafamilyfriendlykayakingtour.Spend2hourswindingandgettingfriendlywithresidentducksandkingfishers.Withanexpertguide,earnkayakingtechniqueandenjoyacitysightseeingtour.※Highlights:KayakingtourofFalseCreekSpotanimals,includinggeeseandkingfishersLearnaboutthehistoryandthecity’snewestdevelopmentQuebecSkishoeingExcursion※Location:QuebecCity※Duration:4hoursDiscoverthewinterbeautyofCanadaonthis4hourskishoeinghike.Skishoeing,amixofcrosscountryskiingandsnowshoeingprovideslowimpactexercisewithpeacefulforestlandscapes.Withhikingpolesinhand,followaguideontosnowytrailsandlearnabouttheQuebecwoods.Warmupwithhotchocolate,stopforbreaks,andkeepwatchforwildlifeinthearea.※Highlights:EnjoyabinationofcrosscountryskiingandsnowshoeingSnapuniquephotosoftheQuebecforestsandwildlifeGreatSlaveLakeIceFishingTours※Location:Yellowknife※Duration:FlexibleEnjoyanarcticexperienceoficefishingononeofthelargestlakesinCanada.JoinyourguideonanicefishingadventureonGreatSlaveLake,setinthemostspectacularwinterlandscapesofYellowknife,Yourtourstartswithhotelpickup.Afterwards,driveontheiceroadtoicefishinglocations.Asafetydemonstrationofproperuseofequipmentfollows.Choosebetweentwotouroptions.Experienceicefishingatitsbestinafortableheatedicefishingbuilding.Alightfishlunchprovidedafterwards.※Highlights:Familyfriendlysmallgroupensurespersonalservice21.Whichtripcangivepeopleachancetolearnaboutthehistoryofthearea?A.VancouverKayakingTour. B.SnorkelingwithSealsinNanaimoC.QuebecSkishoeingExcursion. D.GreatSlaveLakeIceFishingTours22.Forafamilywithplantlovingkids,theycanchoosetogoto________.A.Quebec B.VancouverC.SnakeIsland23.AllthesetoursprovideCanadianswithchancesto________.A.travelabroad B.getrefreshedC.explorelocalcustoms D.tastedifferentfood【答案】21.A22.A23.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了加拿大的四種旅行計(jì)劃?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VancouverKayakingTour部分中Hightlights里面“Learnaboutthehistoryandthecity’snewestdevelopment(了解歷史和城市的最新發(fā)展)”可知，如果你想要了解城市的歷史，就可以選擇VancouverKayakingTour。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)QuebecSkishoeingExcursion中“Skishoeing,amixofcrosscountryskiingandsnowshoeingprovideslowimpactexercisewithpeacefulforestlandscapes.Withhikingpolesinhand,followaguideontosnowytrailsandlearnabouttheQuebecwoods.(滑雪鞋運(yùn)動(dòng)，一種混合了越野滑雪和雪鞋運(yùn)動(dòng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，在寧?kù)o的森林景觀中提供低沖擊的鍛煉。手拿登山杖，跟隨導(dǎo)游踏上雪道，了解魁北克的森林)”可知，如果孩子對(duì)植物感興趣的話，QuebecSkishoeingExcursion可以讓孩子了解魁北克的森林。即可以選擇前往魁北克。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)閱讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了加拿大四種旅游計(jì)劃。然后根據(jù)第一個(gè)計(jì)劃中“Onthistrip,you’llhaveanincredibleopportunitytointeractwithseals.(在這次旅行中，你將有一個(gè)與海豹互動(dòng)的絕佳機(jī)會(huì))”、第二個(gè)計(jì)劃中“SearchingforauniqueoutdoorexperiencewhileinVancouver?DiscoverthebeautyofVancouver’scityskylineandamazingshorelineonafamilyfriendlykayakingtour.(在溫哥華尋找一種獨(dú)特的戶外體驗(yàn)?在一個(gè)家庭友好的皮劃艇之旅中，您將發(fā)現(xiàn)溫哥華城市天際線的美麗和令人驚嘆的海岸線)”、第三個(gè)計(jì)劃中“DiscoverthewinterbeautyofCanadaonthis4hourskishoeinghike.(在這4小時(shí)的滑雪鞋徒步旅行中發(fā)現(xiàn)加拿大的冬季美景)”以及最后一個(gè)計(jì)劃中“EnjoyanarcticexperienceoficefishingononeofthelargestlakesinCanada.(在加拿大最大的湖泊之一上享受北極冰釣的體驗(yàn))”可知，四個(gè)旅游計(jì)劃都旨在讓人們享受生活，即讓人們重新煥發(fā)活力。故選B。BMarathononaWalkerA9yearoldboywithcerebralpalsy(腦癱)andautism(自閉)hasraised$100.000charityafterpletingamarathonup.TobiasWellerpletedthefinalofhis26.2milemarathoninSheffield,northernEngland,onSundaysurroundedbysociallydistancedneighborsandwellwishers.Tobiascannotstandorwalkunaided,andrequiressupportwithmosttasks,but,inspiredbyCaptainTomMoore,anoldsoldierwhoraisedmillionsfortheUK’sNationalHealthServicebywakinglapsofhisgardenaheadofhis100thbirthday.Tobiassethissightsonamarathon.“IheardaboutCaptainTomandIthoughtwhydon’tIusemywalkertotrytopleteamarathonbywalkingupanddownmystreeteveryday,”hesaidinvideo,knittingitwouldbean“enormouschallenge”.AtthebeginningoflockdownTobiascouldwalkamaximumof50metersaday,buthegrewclosertopletinghischallenge—whichtookhim70days,hewaswalkingupto750metersaday.“Ican’tbelieveIpletedamarathon,everybitofithasbeentotallyawesome,”hesaid.“Iloveitwhenmyneighborsclapandcheerforme,I’mgettingstrongerandstrongereveryday.It’ssuchagoodfeeling.”Sofar,Tobiashasraisedover￡81,600—￡50,000morethanhisoriginaltargetof￡30,000foraschoolthatsupportschildrenandadultswithcerebralpalsyandautism.Tobias’smothersaidtheyweregoingtocontinuewalkingandwereaimingtoreach50kilometers.“I’msosopleasedthathe’spletedhismarathon.He’sdonereallywell.He’striedsohardallthewaythrough.He’sreallyachievedamassivegoal,”shesaid.“I’mburstingwithprideformylittleboy.”24.HowdidTobiasraise$100,000forcharity?A.Bycreatingavideo B.Byorganizingarace.C.Bywalkinginhisgarden. D.Byfinishingamarathon25WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTobias?A.Kindanddetermined B.HumbleandstartC.Selflessandeasygoing. D.Braveandqualified26.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Itisnevertoooldtolearn. B.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.C.Successbelongstothepersevering. D.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.【答案】24.D25.A26.C【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了一名患有腦癱和自閉癥的9歲男孩Tobia通過70天的堅(jiān)持，完成了不可能完成的任務(wù)——馬拉松，并成功籌集了10萬美元的慈善資金的故事。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“A9yearoldboywithcerebralpalsy(腦癱)andautism(自閉)hasraised$100.000charityafterpletingamarathonup.(一名患有腦癱和自閉癥的9歲男孩在完成馬拉松后籌集了10萬美元的慈善資金)”可知，Tobias通過完成馬拉松籌得10萬美元的慈善資金。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Tobiascouldwalkamaximumof50metersaday,buthegrewclosertopletinghischallenge—whichtookhim70days,hewaswalkingupto750metersaday.(托拜厄斯每天最多能走50米，但他離完成挑戰(zhàn)越來越近——這需要他70天，他每天能走750米)”和第七段“Tobiashasraisedover￡81,600—￡50,000morethanhisoriginaltargetof￡30,000foraschoolthatsupportschildrenandadultswithcerebralpalsyandautism.(托拜厄斯已經(jīng)籌集了8600英鎊到5萬英鎊，超過了他最初的目標(biāo)3萬英鎊，為一所支持患有腦癱和自閉癥的兒童和成人的學(xué)校)”可知，腦癱和自閉癥男孩Tobia堅(jiān)持了70天，完成馬拉松，說明他有毅力(determined)，他籌到的錢用來做慈善，說明他很善良(kind)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“A9yearoldboywithcerebralpalsy(腦癱)andautism(自閉)hasraised$100.000charityafterpletingamarathonup.(一名患有腦癱和自閉癥的9歲男孩在完成馬拉松后籌集了10萬美元的慈善資金)”以及通讀全文可知，9歲的腦癱和自閉癥男孩Tobia通過70天的堅(jiān)持，完成了不可能完成的任務(wù)——馬拉松，說明成功屬于堅(jiān)持不懈的人，這也是這個(gè)故事想要告訴我們的道理，C項(xiàng)“Successbelongstothepersevering.(成功屬于堅(jiān)持不懈的人)”是最佳答案。故選C項(xiàng)。CWearewhatweeat,andwhatweeatrevealssomethingaboutwhatweareinreturn.Soitshouldn’tbeallthatsurprisingthathumansarenowapparentlyeatingplastic.AsmalltrialattheMedicalUniversityofViennafoundtinypiecesofitinthedigestivesystemsofpeoplefromeightdifferentcountries.Thestudyinvolvedjusteightpeopleanddoesn’ttelluswhatifanyeffecteatingplasticwashavingontheirbodies.Wealreadyknewfishwereeatingplastic.Didwereallythinkitwouldn’treachbackuptothetopofthefoodchain,thattheconsequencesofourownactionscouldn’treturntous?Thisgoesbeyondcleaninguptheoceans.Sixoftheeightsubjectsofthestudyateseanotallofthemdid.Otherpossibletheoriesinvolvedrinkingoutofplasticbottle.eatingfoodthat’sbeenwrappedinplastic,ortinyplasticpiecesfloatingintheairwhichthenlandonourfood.Butourenvironmentissofillednowwithplasticthatitseemsthatweweregoingtoabsorbitsomehow.Doesitactuallymatter?Thisstudycan’tanswerthatquestion,becauseallittellsusisthatmicroplasticswerefoundinhumanwastes.Ifit’sjustpassingthroughthebody,thenperhapsthere’snodamagedone.However,iftherewereevidenceofplasticsbeingabsorbedandgatheringinourinternalorgans,assomeanimalstudieshavesuggested,thatwouldpotentiallybearedflag.Solvingplasticpollutionisnowherenearassimpleassomecampaignersmakeitsound.Switchingawayfromplasticpackagingtoothermaterialswouldcreateotherenvironmentaldilemmas.Bottlingliquidsinglassratherthanplasticmakesthemheavierwhichpotentiallymeansmoretripstotransportthem,paperproductionhasabiggercarbonfootprint.Evenifitwerepossibletostopusingthestufftomorrow,itwouldtakeupto1,000yearsforsomeofwhat’sbeingproducedrightnowtobreakdown.Butjustbecauseit’sdifficult,itdoesn’tmeanweshrugourshouldersanddonothing.Thereissomethinggenuinelymadaboutasocietythatisontheonehandcrazyaboutthequalityofthefoodweputinourmouths,andyetalsomindlesslyeatsitsowngarbage.Thewaronplastic,itseems,justgotpersonal.27.Whatdoesthestudyshow?A.Foodchainisdamagedbyplastic.B.Eatingplasticaffectshumangreatly.C.Plasticisdiscoveredinhumanbodies.D.Seafisharethevictimofplasticpollution.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“aredflag”inPara.4probablymean?A.Afinalresult. B.Awarningsign.C.Anexpectedfinding. D.Asimilarsituation.29.WhatdoesPara.5mainlytalkabout?A.It’simpossibletostopusingplastic.B.It’schallengingtodealwithplasticissue.C.It’surgenttochoosedifferentwrappings.D.Ittakestimetoimprovetheenvironment.30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Plasticshouldbereplacedbyothermaterials.B.Thedamagetowardsfoodchainislonglasting.C.Theeffectofplasticpollutionisn’tfullyrecognizedD.Thecausesofenvironmentalissuesareplicated【答案】27C28.B29.B30.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)在人體中存在塑料的微小碎片，這表明塑料進(jìn)入到了食物鏈中，對(duì)食物鏈造成了長(zhǎng)期的傷害。解決塑料污染問題很有挑戰(zhàn)性，但是我們應(yīng)該盡力想辦法?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“AsmalltrialattheMedicalUniversityofViennafoundtinypiecesofitinthedigestivesystemsofpeoplefromeightdifferentcountries.”(維也納醫(yī)科大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)小型試驗(yàn)在來自八個(gè)不同國(guó)家的人的消化系統(tǒng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種物質(zhì)的微小碎片。)和第一段最后一句“Soitshouldn’tbeallthatsurprisingthathumansarenowapparentlyeatingplastic.”(所以現(xiàn)在人類明顯在吃塑料也就不足為奇了。)可知，這項(xiàng)研究表明在人體中發(fā)現(xiàn)了塑料。故選C?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第三句“Ifit’sjustpassingthroughthebody,thenperhapsthere’snodamagedone.”(如果它只是穿過身體，那么也許不會(huì)造成傷害。)和轉(zhuǎn)折詞however可知，此處是指如果有證據(jù)表明塑料在我們的內(nèi)臟中被吸收和聚集，這可能是一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)，也許會(huì)造成傷害。所以aredflag意為“一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)”。故選B。【29題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Solvingplasticpollutionisnowherenearassimpleassomecampaignersmakeitsound.”(解決塑料污染遠(yuǎn)沒有一些活動(dòng)家說的那么簡(jiǎn)單。)可知，第五段主要是講解決塑料污染問題很有挑戰(zhàn)性。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Switchingawayfromplasticpackagingtoothermaterialswouldcreateotherenvironmentaldilemmas.”(從塑料包裝轉(zhuǎn)向其他材料會(huì)造成其他環(huán)境困境。)和最后一句“Evenifitwerepossibletostopusingthestufftomorrow,itwouldtakeupto1,000yearsforsomeofwhat’sbeingproducedrightnowtobreakdown.”(即使明天就可以停止使用這些東西，現(xiàn)在正在生產(chǎn)的一些東西需要1000年才能分解。)可知，第五段從替代塑料包裝會(huì)造成其他環(huán)境困境和塑料分解所需的超長(zhǎng)時(shí)間兩方面說明解決塑料污染問題很有挑戰(zhàn)性。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Wealreadyknewfishwereeatingplastic.Didwereallythinkitwouldn’treachbackuptothetopofthefoodchain,thattheconsequencesofourownactionscouldn’treturntous?”(我們已經(jīng)知道魚吃塑料。難道我們真的認(rèn)為它不會(huì)回到食物鏈的頂端，我們自己行為的后果不會(huì)回到我們自己身上嗎？)和第五段最后一句“Evenifitwerepossibletostopusingthestufftomorrow,itwouldtakeupto1,000yearsforsomeofwhat’sbeingproducedrightnowtobreakdown.”(即使明天就可以停止使用這些東西，現(xiàn)在正在生產(chǎn)的一些東西需要1000年才能分解。)可知，塑料進(jìn)入食物鏈對(duì)其造成傷害，而塑料需要非常久的時(shí)間去分解，所以對(duì)食物鏈造成的傷害是長(zhǎng)期的。故選B。DChinesepainting,theflowerofChineseculture,isdistinguishedbyaspiritandanatmosphereallofitsown,entirelydifferentfromWesternpainting.ItisasdifferentfromWesternpaintingasChinesepoetryisdifferentfromWesternpoetry.Thatdifferenceishardtograspandexpress.Ithasacertaintoneandatmosphere,visibleinWesternpainting,butessentiallydifferentandachievedbydifferentmeans.Itshowsacertaineconomyofmaterial,markedbythemanyblankspaces,anideaofpositiondeterminedbyitsownharmonyandmarkedbyaboldnessandfreedomofthebrushwhichimpressestheonlookerinanunforgettablemanner.Somehowthepicturebeforeushasundergoneaninnerprocessoftransformationintheartistsmind,givingusonlyapletelysatisfyingwhole,sotruetolifeandyetsodifferentfromit.Thedesignismoreobvious.Theartisthaspresentedittousonlyasappearstohim,andcanbeunderstoodbyothers.Itdoesnottrytopaintallbeforeone’seyes,anditleavesagreatdealtotheonlooker’simagination.Sometimesonlythetipofaplumbranchisgiveninthewholepictureandleftthereasperfect.Thisartistictraditiondidnotebychance.Itscharacteristicsmaybemostconvenientlysummedup,Ithink,intheworldlyricism,andthislyricismcamefromacertaintypeofhumanspiritandculture.ForwemustrememberthatChinesepaintingiscloselyrelated,inspiritandtechnique,toChinesecalligraphyandChinesepoetry.Calligraphygaveititstechnique,andChinesepoetrylentititsspirit.ItwasWangWei,bornin699,afirstclasslandscapepainterhimself,whofirstintroducedintopaintingthespiritandtechniqueofChinesepoetry,withitsimpressionism,itslyricism,anditsemphasisonatmosphere.Thusthe“fatherofthesouthernschool,”whichmakesChinesepaintinganddeservedlyfamous,wasamannurturedintheChinesepoeticspirit.Lateron,intheeleventhcentury,undertheinfluenceofSongscholarslikeSuDongpo(10351101),Chinesepaintingreachedstillgreatersimplicityandsubjectivity.SuDongpoevenpaintedabambootreewithoutitsjoints,andwhensomeoneprotested,herepliedbyasking,“Didthebamboogrowbyaddingonejointtoanother?”Su,whowasgreatwriterandpoet,specializedinpaintingbamboos,andhisbamboowaslikehis“runningscript”,asplashofinkwithoutcolours.ThebestwayofunderstandingChinesepaintingistostudytheseinfluenceswhichwentintothebuildingofthatpeculiartradition.31.AccordingtoPara.1,ChinesepaintingisdifferentfromWesternpaintingbecause____________.A.itleavesmuchspaceforpoems B.itspaintersenjoygreatfreedomC.itpresentssimplicitytoadegree D.itstoneandatmosphereisvisible32.FromPara.2,weknowthatChinesepainters____________.A.tendtotransformrealityintopuzzles B.usuallyshowhowtheyviewthesubjectC.produceworksbeyondtheirimagination D.guidepeopletoperceivetheworldasawhole33.FromtheexamplesofWangWeiandSuDongpo,weknow____________.A.influentialpoetsaregreatpainters B.howChineseculturehasdevelopedC.whatabilitiesareneededtocreatepaintings D.Chinesetraditionalartformsarelinkedtightly34.Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?A.TotracetherootofChineseculture. B.Tointroducedifferentpaintingtechniques.C.ToshowthefeaturesoftraditionalChineseart. D.TopresenthowtoappreciateChinesepainting【答案】31.C32.D33.D34.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。中國(guó)畫是中國(guó)文化的一朵花，它有自己獨(dú)特的精神和氛圍，完全不同于西方繪畫。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)畫的特點(diǎn)以及中國(guó)畫在精神和技術(shù)上與中國(guó)書法和中國(guó)詩(shī)歌密切相關(guān)的關(guān)系?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Itshowsacertaineconomyofmaterial,markedbythemanyblankspaces,anideaofpositiondeterminedbyitsownharmonyandmarkedbyaboldnessandfreedomofthebrushwhichimpressestheonlookerinanunforgettablemanner.(它顯示了一定的材料經(jīng)濟(jì)，以許多空白為標(biāo)志，一種由其自身的和諧決定的構(gòu)圖理念，以筆觸的大膽和自由為標(biāo)志，這給旁觀者留下了令人難忘的印象)”可知，中國(guó)畫不同于西方繪畫，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)畫在一定程度上表現(xiàn)出簡(jiǎn)單。故選C。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Somehowthepicturebeforeushasundergoneaninnerprocessoftransformationintheartistsmind,givingusonlyapletelysatisfyingwhole,sotruetolifeandyetsodifferentfromit.(不知怎的，擺在我們面前的這幅畫在藝術(shù)家的頭腦中經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)內(nèi)在的轉(zhuǎn)變過程，只呈現(xiàn)給我們一個(gè)完全令人滿意的整體，既如此逼真，又與現(xiàn)實(shí)截然不同)”可知，中國(guó)畫家引導(dǎo)人們以一個(gè)整體來看待世界。故選D。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ForwemustrememberthatChinesepaintingiscloselyrelated,inspiritandtechnique,toChinesecalligraphyandChinesepoetry.Calligraphygaveititstechnique,andChinesepoetrylentititsspirit.(因?yàn)槲覀儽仨氂涀。袊?guó)畫在精神和技術(shù)上與中國(guó)書法和中國(guó)詩(shī)歌密切相關(guān)。書法賦予了它技巧，中國(guó)詩(shī)歌賦予了它精神)”；第四段中“ItwasWangWei,bornin699,afirstclasslandscapepainterhimself,whofirstintroducedintopaintingthespiritandtechniqueofChinesepoetry,withitsimpressionism,itslyricism,anditsemphasisonatmosphere.(生于699年的王維，本人就是一位一流的山水畫畫家，他首先將中國(guó)詩(shī)歌的精神和技巧引入繪畫，包括印象主義、抒情主義和對(duì)氣氛的強(qiáng)調(diào))”以及第五段中“Lateron,intheeleventhcentury,undertheinfluenceofSongscholarslikeSuDongpo(10351101),Chinesepaintingreachedstillgreatersimplicityandsubjectivity.(后來，到了11世紀(jì)，在蘇東坡（1035—1101）等宋人的影響下，中國(guó)畫更趨于簡(jiǎn)單和主觀性)”可知，從王維和蘇東坡的例子中，我們知道中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式是緊密相連的。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Chinesepainting,theflowerofChineseculture,isdistinguishedbyaspiritandanatmosphereallofitsown,entirelydifferentfromWesternpainting.(中國(guó)畫是中國(guó)文化的一朵花，它有自己獨(dú)特的精神和氛圍，完全不同于西方繪畫)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了中國(guó)畫的特點(diǎn)以及中國(guó)畫在精神和技術(shù)上與中國(guó)書法和中國(guó)詩(shī)歌密切相關(guān)的關(guān)系?？赏浦?，作者寫這篇文章是為了展示中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)的特點(diǎn)。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Shouldschoolsreportastudent’shealthtoparents?Asifgradesweren’tenoughtoworryabout,somestudentsnowhaveweightontheirmindstoo.ThenumberofoverweightchildrenintheUnitedStateshasmorethandoubledinthepast20years,accordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.____35____Asaresult,schoolsinseveralstates,fromCaliforniatoPennsylvania,havestartedsendinghome"BMIreportcards".Thoseschoolssendhomeareportofastudent’sbodymassindex(BMI).BMIisacalculationofweightandheightthattellswhetherapersonisoverweightforhisorherage.____36____Peopleonbothsidesofthedebateareweighingin.SomelawmakerssayBMIreportswarnparentsoftheirchildrenshealthproblemhelpfightagainstobesity.In2003,formerArkansasGovernor.MikeHuckabeehelpedlaunchthefirstprogramtoreportstudents’BMI.____37____PechatricianJoeThompsonhelpedplantheBMIprogramforArkansasschools.HeexplainsthatthereportsinArkansasaresenthomeseparatelyfromreportcards.“Themisconceptionisthatstudentsarebeinggradedontheirweight,”hetoldWRNews,“Justlikeaschoolscreenforvisionorhearing,thisisahealthapproachtoraiseawarenessaboutarisk.”____38____Parentshaveplainedthatthereportsdamagetheirchildren’sselfresp