英語國家概況新西蘭

OverviewofEnglishspeakingcountriesinNewZealand目錄IntroductiontoNewZealandTheNaturalEnvironmentofNewZealandNewZealand'sCulture目錄NewZealand'seducationsystemTouristattractionsinNewZealand01IntroductiontoNewZealandNewZealandisacountrylocatedintheSouthernPacificOcean,consistentoftwomainislandsandanumberofsmallislandsItisseparatedfromAustraliabytheTasmanSeaandisthesoutherncountryintheworldTheMaoripeoplearetheoriginalhazardsofNewZealandandarrivedinthecountryinthe13thcenturyfromPolynesiaEuropeansettlementBeganinthe19thcentury,withthearrivalofBritishcolonies,whoestablishedtheDominionofNewZealandin1907GeographiclocationandhistoricalbackgroundThepopulationofNewZealandisaround4.9million,withthemajoritybeingofEuropeandescentTheMaoripeoplearethelargestethnicminority,representingaround15%ofthepopulationOtherethicalgroupsincludeAsians,PacificIslands,andpeoplefromotherpartsoftheworldPopulationandmajorethicalgroupsNewZealandhasaparliamentarysystemofgovernment,withademocraticallyselectedparliamentandaprimeministerasheadofgovernmentThepoliticalsystemisbasedontheBritishmodel,withajudicialandconstitutionTheeconomyofNewZealandisbasedonmarketprinciplesandfreeenterpriseThecountryhasamixedeconomythatincludesbothpublicandprivatesectorsThemajorindustriesareagriculture,manufacturing,andservices,withtourismbeingasignificantcontributortotheeconomyPoliticalandeconomicsystems02TheNaturalEnvironmentofNewZealandNewZealandisacountrylocatedintheSouthernPacificOcean,consistentoftwomainislands,theNorthIslandandtheSouthIsland,aswellasnumericalsmallislandsThegeographyofNewZealandisdiverse,withmountainranges,fjords,andvastplainsallcontributingtoitsuniquelandscapeTheclimateofNewZealandistemperature,withdistinctseasonsThesummersarewarmandthewintersarecool,withthesouthernregionsgenerallyexperiencingcoldtemperaturesandmoresnowfallGeographicfeaturesandclimateThenaturallandscapeofNewZealandisownedforitsbeautyandisamajortourismdrawcardTheSouthernAlps,withtheirsnowcappedpeaksandGlaciers,arespecificallybreaktakingNewZealand'suniqueecologicaldiversityisdueinparttoitsisolationanditsvariationofhabitats,rangingfromalpineregionstosubtropicalforestsManyendedanduniquespecificationsoffloraandfaunacanbefoundinNewZealand,includingthekiwibird,thetuatara,andthesilverfernNaturallandscapeandecologicaldiversityNewZealandhasanetworkofnationalparksandnaturalreservesthatprotectimportantecologicalareasandnaturalhabitatsThemostcommonnationalparkislikelytheFiordlandNationalPark,locatedinthesouthwestoftheSouthIslandandknownforitsfjordsandmountainsceneOthersignificantnaturereservesincludetheTongariroNationalParkintheCentralNorthIsland,whichismoreforitsactivevolcanoesandalpinescene,andtheAbelTasmanNationalParkintheSouthIsland'snortherntip,ownedforitsbeautifulcoastlineandhiddentracksMajornaturereserves03NewZealand'sCultureLanguageEnglish:EnglishistheprimarylanguageusedinNewZealand,andisthelanguageofinstructioninschoolsandgovernmentinstitutionsMaori:Maori,thenativelanguageofNewZealand,isstillpokenbyasignificantminorofthepopulation,andistaughtinschoolsandusedinsomeofficialgovernmentdocumentsLanguageandLiteratureSamoan:SamoanisoneofthePolynesianlanguagesthatisalsospookedbyasignificantnumberofNewZealandersLanguageandLiteratureLanguageandLiteratureLiteratureNewZealandculture:NewZealandhasarichliteraryhistorythatreflectstheuniquecultureandlandscapeofthecountryWriterssuchasKatherineMansfieldandWitiIHimaeraareownedfortheircontributionstoworldliteratureMāOriculture:MāOriliterature,whichisoftenincorporatedintotraditionalMāOristoriesandlegends,hasalonghistorythatdatesbacktotheMāOripeople'soralconditionPacificIslandliterature:WriterssuchasAlbertWendtandSiaFigielareknownfortheircontributionstoPacificIslandliterature,whichincludesexploringthemesofmigration,identity,andculturalheritageArtandMusic010203ArtNewZealandart:NewZealandhasavibrantcontemporaryartscenethatincludespainters,Sculptors,andinstallationartistsArtistssuchasRalphHotereandFrancesHodgkinsareownedfortheircontributionstoNewZealandartMāOriart:MāOriart,whichisoftenincorporatedintotraditionalMāOrisymbolsanddesigns,hasalonghistorythatdatesbacktotheMāOripeople'spreEuropeancontacteraPacificIslandart:PacificIslandartistssuchasRexonaAinuHollandandEpeliHau'ofaareknownfortheircontributionstoPacificIslandart,whichincludesexploringthemesofidentity,history,andculturalheritageArtandMusicArtandMusicMusicNewZealandmusic:NewZealandhasadiversemusicscenethatincludespop,rock,andMāOriandPacificIslandmusicArtistssuchasCrowdedHouse,TheShihad,andSavageareownedfortheircontributionstoNewZealandmusicMāOrimusic:MāOrimusic,whichofthecompaniestraditionalMāOriinstrumentsandmemories,hasalonghistorythatdatesbacktotheMāOripeople'spreEuropeancontacteraPacificIslandmusic:PacificIslandmusic,whichincludescorporatetraditionalPolynesianinstrumentsandaudiences,hasalonghistorythatdatesbacktothePolynesianmigrationstoNewZealand04NewZealand'seducationsystemTheeducationsysteminNewZealandisdividedintoprimary,secondary,andpostsecondarylevelsSecondaryeducationinNewZealandtypicallystartsatage13andcontinuesuntilage18PrimaryeducationinNewZealandtypicallystartsatage5andcontinuesuntilage12PostsecondaryeducationinNewZealandincludeshighereducationandvocaleducationandtrainingOverviewoftheEducationSystemTheUniversityofAucklandisthelargestuniversityinNewZealand,withmorethan40000studentsTheUniversityofOtagoislocatedinDunedinandisownedforitsmedicalandhealthscienceprogramsTheAucklandUniversityofTechnologyisthesecondlargestuniversityinNewZealand,withafocusontechnologyandengineeringprogramsTheVictoriaUniversityofWellingtonisknownforitslawandinternationalrelationshipsprogramsHighereducationandresearchinstitutionsInternationalstudentsinNewZealandhavetheopportunitytostudyatworldclassuniversitiesandinstitutionsNewZealand'seducationsystemisrecognizedgloballyforitsqualityandvalueInternationalstudentsinNewZealandalsohavetheopportunitytoworkpart-timewhiletheystudy,whichcanhelpthemgainvaluableworkexperienceAftercompletingtheirstudies,internationalstudentsmayhavetheopportunitytostayinNewZealandandworkfulltimethroughthePostStudyWorkVisaprogramEducationandemploymentopportunitiesforinternationalstudents05TouristattractionsinNewZealand03WaitomoGlowwormCavesAuniquecavesystemwhereyoucanseemillsofglowwormslightingupthecave01AucklandArtGalleryThelargestartgalleryinNewZealand,withacollectionofover10000worksofart02AucklandZooAworldclasszoo,hometoover1000animalsfromallovertheworldTouristattractionsinAucklandandNorthIslandMilfordSound01AbreaktakingfjordwithtoweringcliffsandclearbluewaterMountCook02ThehighestmountaininN