人教版高中英語選擇性學(xué)案UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION預(yù)習(xí)

Ⅰ.匹配詞義a．匹配下列單詞詞義()1.emission A．vt.&vi()2.fuel B．vt.對(duì)……處以罰款()3.worldwide C．vi.&vt.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；變革；改良()4.broadcast D．n.公司；企業(yè)；事業(yè)()5.policy E．vt.恢復(fù)；使復(fù)原；修復(fù)()6.reform F．n.燃料；刺激性言行()7.submit G．n.政策；方針；原則()8.enterprise H．vt.&vi n．廣播節(jié)目；電視節(jié)目()9.restore I．n.排放物；散發(fā)物；排放()10.fine J．a(chǎn)dv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影響全世界的[答案]1—5IFJHG6—10CADEBb．匹配下列短語詞義()1.resultin A．許多；很多()2.takeaction B．對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響()3.carryout C．指的是()4.dozensof D．被困在；陷入困境；陷入()5.haveanimpacton E．采取措施()6.referto F．導(dǎo)致()7.betrappedin G．執(zhí)行；實(shí)施()8.onbehalfof H．代表(代替)某人[答案]1—5FEGAB6—8CDHⅡ.默寫單詞1．meltvi.&vt. (使)融化；熔化；軟化2．implementvt. 使生效；貫徹；執(zhí)行3．moderateadj. 適度的；中等的；溫和的vi.&vt. 緩和；使適中4．a(chǎn)nnualadj. 每年的；一年的n. 年刊；年鑒5．volumen. 量；體積；(成套書籍中的)一卷6．campaignn. 運(yùn)動(dòng)；戰(zhàn)役vi.&vt. 參加運(yùn)動(dòng)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)運(yùn)動(dòng)7．sensitiveadj. 敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的8．nuclearadj. 原子能的；核能的；原子核的9．garbagen. 垃圾；廢物10．ecologyn. 生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)Ⅰ.選詞填空restore；trend；sensitive；release；melt；submit；campaign；worldwide；undergo；policy1．Thesnowhadmelted，butthelakewasstillfrozensolid.2．Humouriswonderfulforreleasingtension.3．Hisbookshavesoldmorethan20millioncopiesworldwide．4．Thereisagrowingtrendtowardsearlierretirement.5．Thepanyhasadoptedafirmpolicyonshoplifting.6．Somechildrenundergoapletetransformationwhentheybeeteenagers.7．TheysubmittedtheirreportstotheChancelloryesterday.8．Sheisverysensitivetootherpeople'sfeelings.9．Shemaynothavethemoneytomaintainorrestoreherhouse.10．Todaypolicelaunchedacampaigntoreduceroadaccidents.Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞1．Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedofstarvation(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.2．Makingthehousehabitable(habit)wasamajorundertaking.3．Thisiswhythefocusnowisonsustainable(sustain)development.4．TheRoughGuidetoNepalisaprehensive(prehension)guidetotheregion.5．Ifrequently(frequent)usesunflowersassymbolsofstrength.6．Thegovernmenthasagreedtoliftrestrictions(restrict)onpressfreedom.7．Itisaharmonious(harmony)munitywherepupilsarehappyandindustrious.8．Yetmuchoftheirsuccessreflectsgoodmanagementandgoodregulations(regular)．9．Allproductshavetopassstrictinspection(inspect)beforetheygoout.10．Histoleration(tolerate)ofherbehaviouramazedme.1．Accordingtothescientistswhofounditsdeadbody，allthatremainedofthepolarbearwas“skinandbones”.據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)其尸體的科學(xué)家稱，北極熊僅存的只是“皮包骨頭”。2．Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.專家稱，由于氣候變化導(dǎo)致的海洋冰川位置低意味著這只熊不能像以前那樣捕獵海豹，因此它必須走更遠(yuǎn)的距離才能找到食物。3．Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”，whichhastwomonmeanings：the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.氣候?qū)W家經(jīng)常提到一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的過程，叫作“溫室效應(yīng)”，它有兩個(gè)共同的含義：“自然”溫室效應(yīng)和“人為”溫室效應(yīng)。4．Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere，suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide，trapsomeoftheheat，keepingEarth'sclimatewarmandhabitable.大氣層中的溫室氣體，如甲烷和二氧化碳，捕獲了一些熱量，保持了地球氣候的溫暖和宜居。5．Thereisstrongandprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide，notonlycausingseriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives.有確鑿而全面的證據(jù)表明，氣溫上升導(dǎo)致全球極端天氣和自然災(zāi)害增多，不僅造成嚴(yán)重破壞，而且造成人員傷亡。名師圈點(diǎn)①decaden．十年②graphn．圖；圖表；曲線圖③atmospheren．大氣層；氛圍④meltvi.&vtmeltingice正在融化的冰⑤evidencen．證據(jù)；根據(jù)⑥dramaticadj.巨大的；令人震驚的；戲劇性的⑦Svalbard斯瓦爾巴群島(又譯斯瓦爾巴特、斯匹次卑爾根群島)意為冷岸海岸。位于北極地區(qū)的群島，是挪威最北界國土范圍的屬地，它坐落在歐洲大陸北方，于挪威大陸與北極點(diǎn)兩者之間。⑧skinandbone皮包骨頭⑨starvevi.&vtstarvationn．饑餓；挨餓；餓死⑩claimvt.宣稱；聲明；斷言?alarmingadj.使人驚恐的；令人驚慌的；引起恐慌的?haveanimpacton...對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響?ecologyn．生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)?averageadj.平均的n．平均數(shù)?referto指的是；參考；查閱?short-wave短波的?releasevt.&n.排放；釋放；發(fā)布?lengthn．長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)度?methanen．甲烷；沼氣?carbondioxide二氧化碳eq\o(○,\s\up3(21))habitableadj.適合居住的eq\o(○,\s\up3(22))sustainvt.維持；遭受；承受住eq\o(○,\s\up3(23))extraadj.額外的eq\o(○,\s\up3(24))fossiln．化石eq\o(○,\s\up3(25))betrappedin被困在；陷入困境；陷入eq\o(○,\s\up3(26))prehensiveadj.全部的；所有的；詳盡的eq\o(○,\s\up3(27))extremeadj.極度的；極端的eq\o(○,\s\up3(28))worldwideadj.遍及全球地eq\o(○,\s\up3(29))appropriateadj.適當(dāng)?shù)?；恰?dāng)?shù)膃q\o(○,\s\up3(30))trendn．趨勢(shì)；趨向；動(dòng)向eq\o(○,\s\up3(31))broadcastvt.&vi.播送；廣播；傳播eq\o(○,\s\up3(32))emissionn．排放物；散發(fā)物；排放eq\o(○,\s\up3(33))resultin導(dǎo)致eq\o(○,\s\up3(34))long-lasting持久的；長(zhǎng)期的eq\o(○,\s\up3(35))individualn．個(gè)人eq\o(○,\s\up3(36))carbonfootprint碳足跡eq\o(○,\s\up3(37))restrictvt.限制；限定；束縛eq\o(○,\s\up3(38))seizevt.抓??；奪取；控制原文呈現(xiàn)CLIMATECHANGEREQUIRESTHEWORLD'SATTENTIONWehaveknownaboutclimatechangefordecades①.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph②)．[1]Awarmingoceanandatmosphere③alongwithmelting④iceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidence⑤ofadramatic⑥changeintheglobalclimate.[1]Thereisnodoubtthat...……不容置疑的。In2013，alotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthatwasfoundon[2]Norway'sArcticislandofSvalbard⑦.Accordingtothescientistswhofounditsdeadbody，allthatremainedofthepolarbearwas“skinandbones⑧”．Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody[3]，thebearappearedtohavestarved⑨anddied.Expertsclaimed⑩thatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.Thisalarming?caseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehadanimpacton?Earth'secology?.[2]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾adeadbear。[3]who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾anexpert；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Thenwhatiscausingtheincreaseintheglobalaverage?surfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”，whichhastwomonmeanings[4]:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.The“natural”greenhouseeffectrefersto?thefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth'ssurfaceasshort-wave?radiation[5]．Theheatisreleased?backintospaceatlongerwavelengths?.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere，suchasmethane?andcarbondioxide?，trapsomeoftheheat，keepingEarth'sclimatewarmandhabitableeq\o(○,\s\up9(21)).Withoutthisprocess，Earthcouldnotsustaineq\o(○,\s\up9(22))life.However，the“man-made”greenhouseeffecthasnowbeeabigproblem.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextraeq\o(○,\s\up9(23))greenhousegasesbyburningfossileq\o(○,\s\up9(24))fuels，moreheatenergyistrappedineq\o(○,\s\up9(25))theatmosphereandcausesEarth'ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.[4]called...是過去分詞短語作定語；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。[5]that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋thefact。Thereisstrongandprehensiveeq\o(○,\s\up9(26))evidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeeq\o(○,\s\up9(27))weatherandnaturaldisastersworldwideeq\o(○,\s\up9(28))，notonlycausingseriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives[6]．Climatescientistshavewarnedthatifwedonottakeappropriateeq\o(○,\s\up9(29))actions，thiswarmingtrendeq\o(○,\s\up9(30))willprobablycontinueandtherewillbeahigherpricetopay.Infact，newsreportsarefrequentlybroadcasteq\o(○,\s\up9(31))aboutextremerainstormsandheatwavescausingdeathsandeconomiclosses.[6]that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋evidence；causing和costing在句中作結(jié)果狀語。Continuedgreenhousegasemissionseq\o(○,\s\up9(32))willresultineq\o(○,\s\up9(33))furtherwarmingandlong-lastingeq\o(○,\s\up9(34))changestotheglobalclimate.Thisrequirestheattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Governmentsneedtoconsidermakingpoliciesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Weasindividualseq\o(○,\s\up9(35))canalsoreduceour“carbonfootprinteq\o(○,\s\up9(36))”byrestrictingeq\o(○,\s\up9(37))theamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeq\o(○,\s\up9(38))everyopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming，alongwithitscausesandimpacts，becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffecting