山東2021屆高考考前模擬卷（一）英語試題（解析版）

山東中學(xué)聯(lián)盟2021年高考考前熱身

英語試題

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)

號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將

答案寫在答題卡上。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答

題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

HOMESCHOOLINGAWAYFROMHOME

Dynamicprogramsforhomeschooledstudentsaretransformingtheoutsidehomeareasintoa

classroominandofitself,wherehomeschoolerscantakeadvantageofawealthoflessonstolasta

lifetime?Haveaquicklookatthefollowing.Theymightbeagoodfittodiscoverthe

wonder-filledworldoutsidethehome.

AnUnderseaView

Forkidswhoareintoaquatic（水生的）life,TheAquariumofthePacificisagreatspaceto

socializeandengageinhands-onlearningwithmarinelife.Theaquariumoffersarangeof

resources,includinghomeschoolfieldtrips,dedicatedhomeschooldayswithdiscountedadmission

rates.Volunteeringincludes4.5hoursoflearningandinteractingwithaquariumguestsonaweekly

basis.Thisoffershome-schoolersthechancetopracticepublicspeakingandscience

communication.

ALearningTripleTreat

TheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardenswelcomegroupsof25ormore

homeschoolstudentsfromthesamegradetoparticipateina90-minute,docent-ledprogram

exploringtheartcollections,botanicalgardensandlibraryfreeofcharge.Thetreatisavailable

everyMonday.Hands-onlearningintheconservatory'splantlabwillbethehighlight.

BrainsatPlay

KidspaceChildren'sMuseuminPasadenawillhelpyougetyourhomeschoolersoutofthe

housewith3.5acresofmostlyoutdoor,kiddrivenexperiences.Theseincludemorethan40

hands-onexhibitswherekidscanexplorenaturalenvironmentsandinvestigatescienceandartistic

formsofexpression.

Homeschoolfamiliesaresupportedviaquarterlyhomeschooldays,withanadmissionfeeof

$15peradult-childpair.

TheFlipSideofLearning

Ifbeingforcedtostudyhasyourhomeschoolerbouncingoffthewalls,TempestAcademyis

welcome.Therewillbeconstantmoving,jumping,climbingandrolling.Mostly,however,there

willbecommunity.Buildingacommunityisamajorthemeforthissport,andstudentsgrow,learn

andcollaboratebytakingonchallengesalongsidetheirfellows.Kidsofallagesarewelcome.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutAnunderseaView?

A.Volunteerscaninteractwithvisitors.

B.Ithelpstodevelopchildren'ssocialskillsfully.

C.Itonlyopenstothosekidswhoareintovoluntarywork.

D.Everyparticipanthasachancetopracticepublicspeaking.

2.Whichprogramwillbethenicestfitifkidswanttoappreciateworksofart?

A.AnUnderseaView.B.BrainsatPlay.

C.ALearningTripleTreat.D.TheFlipSideofLearning.

3.Whatcanweinferfromthefourprogramsinthetext?

A.Theyareallfreeofcharge.

B.Theyrequiredifferentagelimits.

C.Allareintendedforkidswithlearningproblems.

D.Allattachgreatimportancetohomeschoolers,involvement.

【答案】l.A2.C3.D

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了接受家庭教育孩子離家學(xué)習(xí)的好處以及多種可

選擇的項(xiàng)目。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章第二段“Vblunteeringincludes4.5hoursoflearningandinteractingwith

aquariumguestsonaweeklybasis.（志愿服務(wù)包括每周4.5小時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)和與水族館客人的互

動）”可知，參觀海底景觀時(shí)，志愿者可以與來訪者互動。故選A項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段"TheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardens

welcomegroupsof25ormorehomeschoolstudentsfromthesamegradetoparticipateina

90-minute,docent-ledprogramexploringtheartcollections,botanicalgardensandlibraryfreeof

charge.（Huntington圖書館、藝術(shù)博物館和植物園歡迎25名或以上來自同一年級的家庭學(xué)校

學(xué)生參加一個(gè)90分鐘的項(xiàng)目，講解員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的項(xiàng)目，免費(fèi)探索藝術(shù)收藏館、植物園和圖書館）”

可推知，如果孩子們想欣賞藝術(shù)作品，“ALearningTripleTreat”項(xiàng)目最合適。故選C項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。通過文章第二段“Thisoffershome-schoolersthechancetopracticepublicspeaking

andsciencecommunication.（這為在家上學(xué)的孩子提供了練習(xí)公共演講和科學(xué)傳播的機(jī)

會）“、第三段aTheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardenswelcomegroupsof

25ormorehomeschoolstudentsfromthesamegradetoparticipateina90-minute,docent-led

programexploringtheartcollections,botanicalgardensandlibraryfreeofcharge（Huntington圖

書館、藝術(shù)博物館和植物園歡迎25名或以上來自同一年級的家庭學(xué)校學(xué)生參加一個(gè)90分鐘

的項(xiàng)目，講解員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的項(xiàng)目，免費(fèi)探索藝術(shù)收藏館、植物園和圖書館）"、第四段"Kidspace

Children'sMuseuminPasadenawillhelpyougetyourhomeschoolersoutofthehousewith3.5

acresofmostlyoutdoor,kiddrivenexperiences.（位于?帕薩迪納的Kidspace兒童博物館將幫助你

讓在家上學(xué)的孩子走出家門，為他們提供3.5英畝的戶外體驗(yàn)）”以及第五段"Ifbeingforced

tostudyhasyourhomeschoolerbouncingoffthewalls,TempestAcademyiswelcome.（如果被迫

學(xué)習(xí)讓自學(xué)者感到震驚，Tempest學(xué)院是受歡迎的）”可推知，從課文中的四個(gè)項(xiàng)目中我們能

推斷出，所有人都非常重視自學(xué)者的參與。故選D項(xiàng)。

B

Distantlyrelatedtothelarger,better-knownblack-and-whitegiantpanda,theredpandaisa

merecreaturefoundinthemountainsofNepal,Myanmar,andcentralChina.

Theredpandaisdwarfedbytheblack-and-whitegiantthatsharesitsname.Thesepandas

typicallygrowtothesizeofahousecat,thoughtheirbig,bushytailsaddanadditional46

centimeters.Theyusetheirringedtailsaswraparoundblanketsinthecoldmountainheights.

Theredpandasharesthegiantpanda'srainy,high-altitudeforesthabitat,buthasawiderrange.

RedpandasliveinthemountainsofNepalandnorthernMyanmar,aswellasincentralChina.

Theseanimalsspendmostoftheirlivesintreesandevensleepaloft.Whenhunting,theyare

mostactiveatnightaswellasinthehoursofduskanddawn.

Redpandashaveatasteforbamboobut,unliketheirlargerrelatives,theyeatmanyotherfoods

aswell-fruit,acorns,roots,andeggs.Likegiantpandas,theyhaveanextendedwristbonethat

functionsalmostlikeathumb（拇指）andgreatlyaidstheirgrasp.

Theyareshyandaloneexceptwhenmating.Femalesgivebirthinthespringandsummer,

typicallytoonetofouryoung.Youngredpandasremainintheirnestsforabout90days,during

whichtimetheirmothercaresforthem.Malestakelittleornointerestintheiryoungbabies.

Theredpandahasgivenscientiststaxonomic（分類的）fits.Ithasbeenclassifiedasarelative

ofthegiantpanda,andalsooftheraccoon,withwhichitsharesaringedtail.Currently,redpandas

areconsideredmembersoftheirownuniquefamily-theAiluridae.

Redpandasareendangered,victimsofdeforestation.Theirnaturalspaceisshrinkingasmore

andmoreforestsaredestroyedbyloggingandthespreadofagriculture.

4Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheredpanda?

A.Bigandbushy.B.Particularaboutfood.

C.Activeintheday.D.Hardtofitintoacategory.

5.Howcanweeasilytellaredpandafromagiantpanda?

A.Bytheirsize.B.Bytheirhabitat.

C.Bythewaytheyhunt.D.Bytheirwristbone.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph7refert（）?

A.Theraccoon.B.Theredpanda.

C.Thegiantpanda.D.Thetaxonomicfit.

7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tocompareavarietyofpandas.

B.Toexplaintheclassificationofpandas.

C.Toraiseawarenessofprotectingwildlife.

D.Tomakeanintroductiontoauniqueanimal.

【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.D

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了小熊貓的居住地以及其習(xí)性。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。通過文章倒數(shù)第二段"Ithasbeenclassifiedasarelativeofthegiantpanda,andalso

oftheraccoon,withwhichitsharesaringedtail.Currently,redpandasareconsideredmembersof

theirownuniquefamily—theAiluridae.（它被歸類為大熊貓的近親，也被歸類為浣熊的近親，

浣熊與小熊貓有環(huán)狀的尾巴。目前，小熊貓被認(rèn)為是自己獨(dú)特家族的一員——熊貓科）”可

推知，小熊貓很難被歸類。故選D項(xiàng)。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。通過文章第三段"Theredpandasharesthegiantpanda'srainy,high-altitudeforest

habitat,buthasawiderrange.RedpandasliveinthemountainsofNepalandnorthernMyanmar,as

wellasincentralChina.（小熊貓和大熊貓一樣都生活在多兩的、高海拔的森林棲息地，但范

圍更廣。小熊貓生活在尼泊爾、緬甸北部以及中國中部的山區(qū)。）”可推知，根據(jù)小熊貓和

大熊貓的棲息地不同，可以輕易區(qū)分小熊貓和大熊貓。故選A項(xiàng)。

【6題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Theredpandahasgivenscientiststaxonomicfits.（小熊貓給科

學(xué)家提供了分類學(xué)上的依據(jù)）”和uIthasbeenclassifiedasarelativeofthegiantpanda,andalso

oftheraccoon（它被歸類為大熊貓的近親，也被歸類為浣熊的近親）”以及下文“sharesa

ringedtail（都有一條環(huán)狀的尾巴）”可推知，此處意為小熊貓與浣熊相似，都有環(huán)狀的尾巴，

所以文章第七段中帶下劃線的“it”指的是小熊貓。故選B項(xiàng)。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文并且根據(jù)文章首段“Distantlyrelatedtothelarger,better-known

black-and-whitegiantpanda,theredpandaisamerecreaturefoundinthemountainsofNepal,

Myanmar,andcentralChina.（小熊貓與更大、更知名的黑白相間的大熊貓有著遠(yuǎn)親關(guān)系，它

只是在尼泊爾、緬甸和中國中部山區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種動物）”可推知，本文的目的是向讀者介紹

介紹一種獨(dú)特的動物一一小熊貓。故選D項(xiàng)。

C

Bornin1921,PaulSmithwasdiagnosedwithaseverediseasethataffectsmotorabilitiesand

strength.Sincehecouldnotgrasptheartisfstools,hiscreationsturnedtothetypewriter.

Hisworksincludehischildhoodfascinationwithtrains,spiritualleaders,warscenesand

countryheroes.It'snotsomuchthesubjectthatisremarkableaboutPaul'swork,it'sthepainstaking

skillofusingsymbolsonatypewritertoformperfectcopyofexistingwork,andcreative

representationsofhissuiToundings.

Paul'simagesemployedonlyahandfulofsymbolkeys-!,幷，%,A,(,&,)-which

wereaccessiblealongthetoprowofhistypewriterkeyboard.Remarkable,whenapersonconsiders

thathandtypewritersrequiredtheribbonstobepositioned,therollertobeadjusted,andthepaperto

besecured.Typewriters,ofthattime,leftnoroomforerrorsinceerasingmistakenkeystrokeswas

notacleanoption.

Ashetyped,hewouldlocktheshiftkeyinasafepositionnottotypenumbers.Heusedhisleft

handtosteadyhisright.Differentsymbolscreatedthelookofvariedtextures(神韻),anddepending

onthelooktoachieve,hewouldadjustthespacingtotypethesymbolsnearorfar.And,headjusted

therollertoperfectspacesbetweenlines.

Dependingonitssizeandcomplexity,itcouldtakeanywherefromtwoweekstothreemonths

tocompleteonepiece.Heworked,onaverage,acoupleofhourseverydayonhisart.Afterallof

thatwork,onewouldn'tblamePaulifhesoughttosellhiswork,butbyallaccounts,hewouldgive

awayhispieces.Ashisdistinctiveartformgainedinterestfromothers,thenumberofordersforhis

artworkincreased.

In2007theworldlostPaulSmithattheageof85.ForthisAmerican,creatingartwasa

leisurelypursuitandaformofexpression.Totheartworld,hesetahighbarfortypewriterartists

thatmanyhavetriedtomatch,butfewareabletorepeatit.

8.WhatdoweknowaboutthetoolPaulSmithworkedwith?

A.Ithasonlysymbolkeys.B.Itrequiresribbonsandaroller.

C.Itisspeciallymadeforhim.D.Thespacingisnotadjustable.

9.WhatdidPaulSmithhavetodotoworkouthisproduction?

A.Locktheshiftkey.B.Erasemistakesneatly.

C.Steadyallthesymbols.D.Adjustthekeysprecisely.

10.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribePaulSmith'sworks?

A.Primitive.B.Sensitive.

C.Innovative.D.Timeefficient.

11.WhatcanwelearnfromPaulSmith'sstory?

A.Artcomesfromlife.B.Effortsworkwonders.

C.Patienceisavirtue.D.Techniquedoescount.

【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了PaulSmith身殘志堅(jiān)，通過自己努力，創(chuàng)造

出了一種獨(dú)特的打字機(jī)，Paul的故事啟示我們，努力才能取得成功。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章第三段"Remarkable,whenapersonconsidersthathandtypewriters

requiredtheribbonstobepositioned,therollertobeadjusted,andthepapertobesecured.（當(dāng)一個(gè)

人考慮到手動打字機(jī)需要定位色帶，調(diào)整滾筒，固定紙張時(shí)，這是很了不起的）”可知，Paul

Smith使用的工具需要色帶和滾筒。故選B項(xiàng)。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Ashetyped,hewouldlocktheshiftkeyinasafeposition（當(dāng)他

打字時(shí)，他會把換檔鑰匙鎖在一個(gè)安全的位置）”可知，為了完成自己的作品，PaulSmith

不得不鎖定換檔鑰匙。故選A項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段"Heusedhislefthandtosteadyhisright.Differentsymbols

createdthelookofvariedtextures,anddependingonthelooktoachieve,hewouldadjustthe

spacingtotypethesymbolsnearorfar.And,headjustedtherollertoperfectspacesbetweenlines.

（他用左手穩(wěn)住右手。不同的符號創(chuàng)造出不同紋理的外觀，根據(jù)所要實(shí)現(xiàn)的外觀，他會調(diào)整

間距來輸入符號的遠(yuǎn)近。他還調(diào)整了滾筒，使其線條之間的間距達(dá)到完美。）”可推知，Paul

Smith的想法非常具有創(chuàng)造力，他的作品是創(chuàng)新的一種方式。故選C項(xiàng)。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。通過文章第一段"Bomin1921,PaulSmithwasdiagnosedwithaseveredisease

thataffectsmotorabilitiesandstrength.Sincehecouldnotgrasptheartist'stools,hiscreations

turnedtothetypewriter.（出生于1921年的PaulSmith被診斷出患有一種嚴(yán)重的影響運(yùn)動能力

和力量的疾病。由于他不能握住藝術(shù)家的工具，他的創(chuàng)作轉(zhuǎn)向了打字機(jī)）”可知，PaulSmith

雖然患病卻沒有放棄。又通過文章最后一段"Totheartworld,hesetahighbarfortypewriter

artiststhatmanyhavetriedtomatch,butfewareabletorepeatit.（對于藝術(shù)界來說，他為打字機(jī)

藝術(shù)家設(shè)置了一個(gè)很高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，很多人都試圖與之匹配，但很少有人能夠重復(fù)）”可知，Paul

Smith身患疾病卻為美國打字機(jī)藝術(shù)開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)未來。由此推知PaulSmith的故事啟示我們，

努力就能創(chuàng)造奇跡。故選B項(xiàng)。

D

Theroleofmediahistoricallyhasbeencentraltothemakingofsocietyandtheconstructionof

identity.Itisvitalinthesearchforinformation,storiesandarttofeedthehumanspiritand

imaginationtoovercomethechallengesahead.

Inanageoffalsenewsandmisinformation,goodqualitycontentismorevaluablethanever.

Historyprovidessomecontext.IntheUKthedevelopmentoftheliberal（自由的）mediapriortothe

1950swascharacterizedbyaclearhierarchy（等級）whenitcametothecontrolofinformation.This

modeleventuallygavewaytoapopular,audience-drivenmassmediainthe1980s,whentheideaof

themediaasasourceofpopularpleasuretookroot.

Today,asmorecontentisdistributedviasocialplatformsandthedivisionbetweencontent

creatorsandcontentconsumersisunclear,technologycompanies一or“supercompetitors^^一are

takinggreaterresponsibilityforguaranteeingthequalityandintegrityofinformation.Perhapsasa

reactiontothisandwithanoddnodtopre-1950spaternalism（家長式管理），thereisarisingcallfor

governmentsandregulatorstotakeamoreactiveroleintheproductionandspreadingofnewsto

ensureequitableaccesstoinformation.

Accesstoorqualityofcontentisbetterthanever.Butwhiledestinationmediacompeteto

becomeleadersintheirspecificareas,thetechgiantsareworkingouthowtousemediatodominate

time,spendanddata.Whatwillbetheimpactofthestrategiesofthetechgiantsontheoverallmedia

landscape?Thepoetandnovelist,BenOkri,writes,44Itmaywellbethatitisnotonlysciencethat

savesus.Wemayalsobesavedbylaughter,bytheoptimismofbeingabletoseebeyondthesetimes,

withstories,withcommunity,withsongs/5

Intheabsenceofrealcontact,interactionandtheconsumptionofexperienceisnowmostly

mediated（調(diào)解）.Thevalueandintegrityofmediahasneverbeenmorerelevantandsignificant.

12.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“somecontext"inParagraph2referto?

A.Thedevelopmentoftheliberalmedia.

B.ThemodeloftheBritishclearhierarchy.

C.Thechangingoffactorsdeterminingmediacontent.

D.Theideaofthemediaasasourceofpopularpleasure.

13.Whatisthemajorproblemmediatodayarefacing?

AMediaarelosingtheirrolesinshapingsociety.

B.It'shardtodividecontentcreatorsandconsumers.

C.Mediaaremisusedtodominatetime,spendanddata.

D.Thequalityandintegrityofinformationcan'tbeavailable.

14.WhatdoesBenOkriintendtotellus?

A.Ourlifelackspassion.B.Peopleneedpropermediacontent.

C.Sciencecanbyallmeanssaveus.D.Mediacannotchangethereallife.

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheCoreofMedia—ValueandIntegrity

B.TheTransformationofMediaContent

C.TheImpactofTechGiantsonMedia

D.TheUpsandDownsofMedia

【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.A

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述媒體的發(fā)展和核心問題一一媒體的價(jià)值觀和完整性。

【12題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句uHistoryprovidessomecontext.（歷史提供了一些背景。）”

說明下文講述的是和somecontext有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。下文“IntheUKthedevelopmentofthe

liberal（自由的）mediapriortothe1950swascharacterizedbyaclearhierarchy（等級）whenitcame

tothecontrolofinformation.Thismodeleventuallygavewaytoapopular,audience-drivenmass

mediainthe1980s,whentheideaofthemediaasasourceofpopularpleasuretookroot.（在20

世紀(jì)50年代之前的英國，自由媒體的發(fā)展特征是在信息控制方面有一個(gè)清晰的等級制度。

這種模式最終在20世紀(jì)80年代被流行的、以觀眾為導(dǎo)向的大眾媒體所取代，當(dāng)時(shí)媒體作為

大眾快樂的來源的想法開始生根。）”主要講述的是媒體內(nèi)容決定因素的變化。C項(xiàng)"The

changingoffactorsdeterminingmediacontent.（決定媒體內(nèi)容的因素的變化。）“解釋了some

context的內(nèi)容，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Accesstoorqualityofcontentisbetterthanever.Butwhiledestination

mediacompetetobecomeleadersintheirspecificareas,thetechgiantsareworkingouthowtouse

mediatodominatetime,spendanddata.（對內(nèi)容的訪問或質(zhì)量比以往任何時(shí)候都好。但是，

當(dāng)目的地媒體競相成為其特定領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者時(shí)，科技巨頭們正在研究如何利用媒體主導(dǎo)時(shí)

間、花費(fèi)和數(shù)據(jù)。）”可知，今天媒體面臨的主要問題是被誤用來支配時(shí)間、花費(fèi)和數(shù)據(jù)。

故選C項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thepoetandnovelist,BenOkri,writes,tfcItmaywellbethatitisnot

onlysciencethatsavesus.Wemayalsobesavedbylaughter,bytheoptimismofbeingabletosee

beyondthesetimes,withstories,withcommunity,withsongs.^^（詩人兼說家BenOkri寫道：

“很可能不僅僅是科學(xué)拯救了我們。通過故事、社區(qū)和歌曲，我們也可能被笑聲、能夠看到

超越時(shí)代的樂觀精神所拯救?！埃笨梢酝茢?，BenOkri認(rèn)為人們需要適當(dāng)?shù)拿襟w內(nèi)容。故

選B項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Theroleofmediahistoricallyhasbeencentraltothemakingofsociety

andtheconstructionofidentity.Itisvitalinthesearchforinformation,storiesandarttofeedthe

humanspiritandimaginationtoovercomethechallengesahead.（歷史上，媒體的作用一直是社

會形成和身份建構(gòu)的核心。在尋找信息、故事和藝術(shù)的過程中，培養(yǎng)人類的精神和想象力以

克服未來的挑戰(zhàn)是至關(guān)重要的。）”和最后一段“Thevalueandintegrityofmediahasnever

beenmorerelevantandsignificant.（媒體的價(jià)值觀和完整性從未像現(xiàn)在這樣重要”和全文

內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述媒體的發(fā)展和核心問題一一媒體的價(jià)值觀和完整性。所以A選項(xiàng)

uTheCoreofMedia-ValueandIntegrity（媒體的核心---價(jià)值與誠信）”概括文章主旨，

適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩

項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Scientistsrelyonjournalpaperstosharetheirscientificresults.16

Onceresearchersareconfidentoftheirresults,theywriteupamanuscript（手稿）andsenditto

ajournal.Editorsforwardthesubmittedmanuscriptstoatleasttwoexternalrefereeswhoareexpert

inthetopic.Thesereviewerscansuggestthemanuscriptberejected,publishedasis,orsentbackto

thescientistsformoreexperiments.17

Researchpublishedinpeer-reviewedjournalshasundergonestrictqualitycontrolbyexperts.

Eachyear,about2,800peer-reviewedjournalspublishroughly1.8millionscientificpapers.The

bodyofscientificknowledgeisconstantlyevolvingandupdating,butyoucantrustthatthescience

thesejournalsdescribeissound.Retractionpolicieshelpcorrecttherecordifmistakesare

discoveredpost-publication.

18Togetthewordoutfaster,scientistssometimespostresearchpapersonwhat's

calledapreprintserver.Theseoftenhave"RXiv”-pronounced"archive”—intheir

name:MedRXiv,BioRXivandsoon.Thesearticleshavenotbeenpeer-reviewedandsoarenot

provenbyotherscientists.Preprintsprovideanopportunityforotherscientiststoevaluateanduse

theresearchasbuildingblocksintheirownworksooner.

Howlonghasthisworkbeenonthepreprintserver?Ifit'sbeenmonthsandithasn'tyetbeen

publishedinthepeer-reviewedliterature,beveryskeptical.19DuringtheCOVID-19

crisis,withresearchershurryingtounderstandadangerousnewvirusandrushingtodevelop

lifesavingtreatments,preprintservershavebeenlitteredwithimmatureandunprovenscience.

Demandingresearchstandardshavebeensacrificedfbrspeed.

Besmartlyawareofresearchpublishedinwhatarecalledpredatory（損人利己的）journals.

20Papersfromanyofthethousandsofknownpredatoryjournalsshouldbetreatedwith

strongskepticism.

A.Thatprocessiscalled“peerreview”.

B.Peerreviewnormallytakesmonths.

C.Calltoconfirmthattheyareprovencorrect.

D.However,theycan'tguaranteethepapersarecorrect.

E.Theylettheworldseewhatresearchhasbeendone,andhow.

F.Theydon'tpeer-reviewmanuscripts,andtheychargeauthorsafeetopublish.

G.Thescientistssubmittingthepreprintmaynotcomefromareliableinstitution.

【答案】16.E17.A18.B19.G20.F

【解析】

【分析】本文是說明文。文章講述了科學(xué)家發(fā)表研究論文的過程，并提醒要警惕在損人利己

期刊上發(fā)表的科學(xué)論文。

【16題詳解】

上文"Scientistsrelyonjournalpaperstosharetheirscientificresults.講述科學(xué)家們依靠期刊

來分享他們的科學(xué)成果，E項(xiàng)“他們讓世界看看做了什么研究，以及如何做的?！迸c上文是

因果關(guān)系，they指代上文提到的“Scientists”,說明科學(xué)家分享科學(xué)成果的目的。故選E。

【17題詳解】

上文“Onceresearchersareconfidentoftheirresults,theywriteupamanuscript（手稿）andsendit

toajournal.Editorsforwardthesubmittedmanuscriptstoatleasttwoexternalrefereeswhoare

expertinthetopic.Thesereviewerscansuggestthemanuscriptberejected,publishedasis,orsent

backtothescientistsformoreexperiments^一旦研究人員對他們的結(jié)果有信心，他們就寫一

份手稿發(fā)送給雜志。編輯們將提交的手稿轉(zhuǎn)交給至少兩名擔(dān)任該話題專家的外部審閱人。這

些評論者可以建議拒絕手稿，按原樣發(fā)表，或寄回科學(xué)家那里進(jìn)行更多的實(shí)驗(yàn)。）”講述了

研究結(jié)果發(fā)布的過程，A項(xiàng)中的"Thatprocess”與上文提到的內(nèi)容相符，因此推斷A項(xiàng)“這

個(gè)過程被稱為‘同行評審'”符合語境。故選A。

【18題詳解】

下文“Togetthewordoutfaster,scientistssometimespostresearchpapersonwhat'scalleda

preprintserver.（為了更快地傳播這個(gè)信息，科學(xué)家們有時(shí)會在所謂的預(yù)刊上發(fā)表研究論

文）”可推斷，有時(shí)發(fā)表論文需要時(shí)間比較長，B項(xiàng)中的“takesmonths”與之相符，“Peer

review”與上文的話題相符。B項(xiàng)“同行評審?fù)ǔＰ枰獛讉€(gè)月的時(shí)間?！狈险Z境，與下文

構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選B。

【19題詳解】

上文"Ifit'sbeenmonthsandithasn'tyetbeenpublishedinthepeer-reviewedliterature,bevery

skeptical."介紹如果論文在預(yù)刊上已經(jīng)幾個(gè)月了，還沒有在同行互審的期刊上發(fā)表，那這篇

論文就很可疑。下文uDuringtheCOVID-19crisis,withresearchershurryingtounderstanda

dangerousnewvirusandrushingtodeveloplifesavingtreatments,preprintservershavebeen

litteredwithimmatureandunprovenscience.Demandingresearchstandardshavebeensacrificed

forspeed.（在新冠疫情期間，研究人員急于了解一種危險(xiǎn)的新病毒，并急于開發(fā)挽救生命的

治療方法，預(yù)刊上充斥著不成熟和未經(jīng)證實(shí)的科學(xué)知識。為了速度，犧牲了嚴(yán)格的研究標(biāo)

準(zhǔn)）”陳述為了速度犧牲了嚴(yán)格的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，G項(xiàng)中的“maynotcomefromareliable

institutionM與上文的uskeptical''一致，G項(xiàng)”提交預(yù)印本的科學(xué)家可能不是來自可靠的機(jī)

構(gòu)?！狈险Z境，提到了可疑論文可能的原因，下文介紹新冠期間的例子繼續(xù)說明科學(xué)家提

交不可靠論文的原因。故選G。

【20題詳解】

上文"Besmartlyawareofresearchpublishedinwhatarecalledpredatory（損人利己

的）journals」要明智地了解發(fā)表在所謂的損人利己期刊上的研究）”提到一些損人利己期刊

發(fā)表的科學(xué)論文，下文**Papersfromanyofthethousandsofknownpredatoryjournalsshouldbe

treatedwithstrongskepticism.（成千上萬已知的損人利己的期刊中的任何一篇論文都應(yīng)該受

到強(qiáng)烈的懷疑。）”說明這些期刊上論文應(yīng)該懷疑，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“他們不會對手稿進(jìn)行同行評議，

他們向作者收取出版費(fèi)用。”符合語境，其中的"they”指代上文的"predatory（損人利己

的）journals”,**don'tpeer-reviewmanuscripts,andtheychargeauthorsafeetopublish''說明

這些論文沒有同行互審，向作者收取出版作品的費(fèi)用，因此是值得懷疑，與下文相符。故選

F。

第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分,滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最

佳選項(xiàng)。

Iwasboundtotraveltenmilestopickupafamilyfromaspecificlocation.Atthemomentthey

wereinmy21,1wasawarethatthecouplehad22theseatbelts,butnotthekidsthey

weretravelingwith.

ThenIsteppedoutofthecarandopenedthe23tohandtheseatbeltstothekids.The

parentsrefusedmy24,inthattheywereinarush.I25themifIwasdeclined,then

whatkindof26wasthatforthechildren.

Theywereonlyatlessthantwokilometersdistancefromtheirhome,butthecabcompany's

policiesandthestate27lawsaboutseatbeltsaremymain28becauseIknowIcan

savemyselfandothersfromaccidents.

Iassumedthatthekidsappeared29oftheirparents,fortheydidn'tprotestabit.But

theyeventuallystruggledtousethebelts.Onthataccount,Ididnot30thisincidenttothe

cabcompany,giventhosekidsbehavedso31thattheydidn'tnecessarilypayfortheir

parents'32.1tookgreatprideinthosekids,astheywerenotthatsortofpeopletheir

parentswere.

Thecompanyhasbeen33itssecuritypolicieswhichrequirethedrivertowatchout

forthepassengers'3-1aswellasprovidingexcellentservices.Icongratulatedthekidson

theirpresenceatallschoolclassestheyhadbeenattending,andInoticethattheschoolsystem

worksalotbetterdaybydayforthosewho____35____theclasses.

21.A.sightB.positionC.vehicleD.charge

22.A.loosenedB.ignoredC.discoveredD.secured

23.A.trunkB.windowC.engineD.door

24.A.signalB.offerC.responseD.

instruction

25.A.remindedB.guaranteedC.comfortedD.forgave

26.A.victimB.witnessC.phenomenonD.model

27.A.civilB.educationC.trafficD.labour

28.A.taskB.concernC.targetD.barrier

29.A.awareB.fearfulC.proudD.doubtful

30.A.recommendB.connectC.referD.owe

31A.perfectlyB.differentlyC.badlyD.

strangely

32.A.disrespectB.misunderstanding