《英語辯論介紹》課件

IntroductiontoEnglishDebatecontents目錄TheDefinitionandImportanceofEnglishDebateTheRulesandTechniquesofEnglishDebateThethemesandtypesofEnglishdebitesEvaluationandgradingofEnglishdebitescontents目錄PracticeandParticipationinEnglishDebatesTheBenefitsandChallengesofEnglishDebate01TheDefinitionandImportanceofEnglishDebateDebateisaformalargument,usuallyinwritingororally,inwhichtwosides,knownasthe"proposal"and"option",presentingcontrastingargumentsaboutagiventopicInEnglishdebit,thefocusisonusingEnglishlanguageskillstoexpressanddeferapositiononagiventopicEnglishdebitisasubsetofdebitthatemphasizestheuseofEnglishlanguageskillsItrequirescompetitorstohavestrongcommunicationandargumentationabilitiesinEnglishtoeffectivelyexpresstheirpositionsandcounterargumentsDefinitionImportanceLanguageSkillsDevelopment:Englishdebithelpsdeveloplanguageskillssuchasvocabulary,grammar,andfluencyParticipantsneedtolearnhowtoconstructargumentsusingprecisionlanguageandevidenceCriticalThinking:EnglishdebitresourcescriticalthinkingandanalyticalreasoningParticipantsneedtoevaluatethestrengthofarguments,identifylogicalfallacies,andconstructcounterargumentstodefendtheirpositionPublicSpeaking:EnglishdebitisanexcellentopportunitytoimprovepublicspeakingskillsParticipantslearnhowtospeakconfidently,articulatetheirideasclearly,andengageanaudienceeffectivelyArgumentationandCommunication:Englishdebitteachersargumentandcommunicationskillsthatarecriticalinvariousfieldssuchaslaw,politics,business,andmoreIthelpsparticipantslearnhowtopresenttheirideaspersistentlyanddefendtheirpositionsconvincingly02TheRulesandTechniquesofEnglishDebateTimeLimit01Eachspeechhasatimelimit,usually5-7minutesThespeakermustadapttothistimeframeandmaybeinternalizediftheyexceededitInterruption02DebatersmustallowtheothersidetofinishtheirspeecheswithoutinterruptionInterruptionsarenotallowed,astheydisrupttheflowoftheDebateCivil03DebatersmustretaincivilandprospectiverewardstheircomponentsAnyunsportsmanlikeconductorpersonalattachmentswillnotbetoleratedRuleSkillClarityofThought:AgooddebitmusthaveaclearandlogicalmindTheymustbeabletostructuretheirargumentscoherentlyandpresenttheminawaythatiseasytounderstandEvidence:Tostrengthentheirarguments,debittersmustuseevidence,whichisfrompersonalexperience,expertopinion,orrelatedsourcesEvidencehelpstovalidatetheirclaimsandmaketheirargumentsmoreconvincingPersuasion:TheabilitytosuperviseanaudienceiscriticalindebitAgooddebitmusthavetheabilitytoinfluenceothersandconditionthemoftheirpointofviewTheyshouldbeabletopresenttheirargumentsinacaptioningandconditioningmanRapidResponse:Indebit,oftentimes,debitersarerequiredtorespondtounexpectedquestionsorchallengesfromtheothersideAgooddebitmusthavetheabilitytothinkquicklyontheirfeetandrespondeffectivelytothesechallenges03ThethemesandtypesofEnglishdebitesThemeCurrentIssues:Thesearedebitesontopicsthatarerelevantinthecurrentpolitical,social,oreconomicsituationTopicscouldincludeclimatechange,guncontrol,Brexit,andmoreEthicalIssues:ThistypeofdebitdealswithquestionsaboutwhatisrightorwrongintermsofmoralorethicalprinciplesExamplesincludeeuthanasia,animalrights,andcapitalpunishmentSocialIssues:Debatesonsocialissuesfocusontopicslikeeducation,power,racerelationships,andgenderequalityThesetopicsexplorehowsocietyshouldbestructuredandtheroleofgovernmentinpromotingsocialjusticeScienceandTechnology:Thiscategoryincludesdebutesontopicslikeartificialintelligence,geneticmodification,andtheimpactofnewtechnologiesonsocietyThesedebitesoftenraisecomplexethicalandpracticalquestionsabouttheresponsibleuseoftechnologyTypePublicForum:Inapublicforumdebate,twoteamstaketurnsdeliveringspeechesinsupportoftheirrespectivepositionsEachteamhasanopportunitytospeakforaspecificperiodoftime,usually2-3minutes,beforetheotherteamgetsachancetorebuttalThistypeofdebitisoftenformattedasacompetitionwithjudgesscoringtheteamsbasedontheirarguments,delivery,andabilitytorebuttalobjective'spointsLincolnDouglasDebate:Namedafterthe19thcenturyUSpoliticalfiguresAbrahamLincolnandStephenDouglas,thisstyleofDebatefeaturestwoindividualsrepresentingdifferentpositionsonatopicEachdebitdeliversa20-minutespeech,followedbya10-minuterebuttalfromtheotherdebitTheformatemphasizeslogic,reasoning,andtheabilitytoarticulatecomplexideasinaprospectivemanagerBritishParliamentaryStyle:Inthisformat,twoteamsDebateamotionthatissimilartoabillinParliamentEachteamisassignedaside(fororagainstthemotion)andhasanopportunitytopresentopeningstatements,makemainspeeches,anddeliverclosingstatementsThedebitisoftenformattedasacompetitionwithteamsscoringpointsbasedontheirargumentsandabilitytorebuttalobjective'spointsPolicyDebate:InpolicyDebate,teamsarguefororagainstaspecificpolicyproposal,commonlyrelatedtocurrentissuesorethicalquestionsEachteamhasanopportunitytopresentopeningstatements,makemainspeechesdefendingtheirpositions,anddeliverclosingstatementssummarizingtheirargumentsThisformatemphasizesresearchandanalyzingpolicyproposalsandtheirpotentialimpactonsociety04EvaluationandgradingofEnglishdebitesThedepth,breadth,andrelevanceofargumentspresentedbythedebitersAretheywellresearchedandwellunderstood?ContentHowwelldothedebitersstructuretheirarguments?Aretheyclearandlogical?OrganizationThefluency,clarity,andvolumeoftheDebaters'deliveryDotheyspeakconfidentlyandartistically?DeliveryTheoriginanduniquenessoftheDebaters'argumentsandapproachAretheycreativeandinnovative?CreativityEvaluateAwardedbasedonthequalityofthebatteries'arguments,research,andoverallpresentationContentScoreOrganizationScoreDeliveryScoreCreativityScoreAwardedbasedonthestructure,clarity,andlogicoftheDebaters'argumentsAwardedbasedonthefluency,clarity,andvolumeoftheDebaters'deliveryAwardedbasedontheorigin,uniqueness,andcreativityoftheDebaters'argumentsandapproachesScore05PracticeandParticipationinEnglishDebatesPracticeRegularpractice:EngaginginregularpracticesessionsisessentialforimprovingdebitingskillsThiscanincludejoiningadebitclub,participatinginregulardebites,orevenpracticingwithfriendsFocusonargumentation:Indebiting,strongargumentationskillsarecriticalPracticinghowtoconstructandpresentargumentseffectivelywillhelpimproveyourdebitingabilityImprovingpublicspeakingskills:GoodpublicspeakingskillsareintegraltoeffectivedebitingPracticingtechniqueslikeproperenrollment,clearenrollment,andprojectionofvoicecanhelpimprovetheseskillsLearningfromothers:WatchingandanalyzingexperienceddebiterscanprovidevaluableinsightsintoeffectivedebitingtechniquesandstrategiesParticipationMeetinginrebates:ParticipatinginactualrebatesisthebestwaytoimproveThiscanincludelocalornationallevelcompetitions,oreveninterschoolorintercollegeeventsAttendingworkshopsandseminars:Theseeventscanprovidevaluableinsightsintotheartofdebiting,aswellashelpdevelopnewskillsandstrategiesJoiningdebitsocieties:ManyschoolsandcollegeshavedebitsocietiesthatorganizeregulardebitsandprovideaplatformformemberstohonetheirdebitingskillsCollaborativelearning:DebatingisasmuchaboutunderstandingandreasoningasitisaboutarguingeffectivelyCollaboratingwithotherdebiters,whichareinpracticesessionsoractualdebites,canhelpimproveunderstandingofdifferentperspectivesandargumentationstyles06TheBenefitsandChallengesofEnglishDebateBenefitEnhancedCommunicationSkills:Englishdebithelpersparticipantsimprovetheirpublicspeaking,listening,andargumentationabilitiesItteacherstheyhowtoexpressideasclearlyandlogically,andhowtoeffectivelyconsidertheirpointsofviewImprovedCriticalThinking:Debaterequiresparticipantstoanalyzecomplexissues,evaluateevidence,andformulatelogicalargumentsThisprocessstrengthenstheiranalyticalandcriticalthinkingskills,whicharecriticalinvariousacademicandprofessionalcontextsEnhancedEnglishLanguageSkills:EngaginginEnglishdebitregularlycanimproveparticipants'vocabulary,grammar,andfluencyinEnglishThelanguageusedindebitisoftenmoresophisticandformalthaninregularconversation,providinganopportunitytoexpandandrefinelanguageskillsIncreasedConfidence:ParticipatinginEnglishdebitcanhelpparticipantsbuildconfidenceintheirabilitiesTheexperienceofspeakinginfrontofanaudienceandengaginginrigorousin