新視野英語教程（第四版）讀寫教程3 課件 Unit-8 Smart Machines and Peoples Lives

新視野英語教程讀寫教程3第四版CONTENTSAroundtheTopic?ReadingThrough?BasicWritingSkills?ReadingMore?PracticalWriting?ChineseWisdom?SmartMachinesandPeople’sLivesUnit8Inrecentyears,theboundariesbetweenhumansandmachinesarebecomingincreasinglyblurred.Peoplearestartingtowonderifmachineswillonedayreplacehumans.Thoughthisideamayseemshocking,itreflectstheimpactthatmachinesnowhaveonourlives.Machines,especiallysmartones,aretransformingourlifestyles.Forbetterorworse?It’suptoyoutoanswerthisquestion.Inthissection,you’llhearashorttalkaboutatypeofhi-techbeerglass.Whilelistening,answerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationyouhear.?Whatwillthehi-techbeerglassdowhenithasbeenemptied?Itwilltellwaitersto(1)________________.?Whycanwaitersreceivethemessagefromthehi-techbeerglass??Whatdoesthehi-techbeerglasssendtowaiters??WhatdosomeBritishpeoplethinkofthehi-techbeerglass?Becausetheglasses(2)_________________hand-heldcomputersonfrequenciessimilartothoseusedbycellphones.Itsends(3)________________formorebeertowaiters.Itsoundslike(4)_____________,butitmightnotworkintheU.K.bringanotherbeerareequippedwithanelectroniccryafunideaAdditionalActivitiesWhatdoyouthinkaretheadvantagesofbiometricdevices?Whatdoyouthinkarethedisadvantagesofbiometricdevices?Howdoyouidentifyyourselfwhenyouwanttodrawmoneyfromabank?Doyouliketheideaofamachinethatrecognizesyourface?Why/Whynot?Giveyourreasons.TheMachineThatKnowsYourFaceWarming-upTofindthedoubtsandproblemsputforwardbyotherpeopleandtheexplanationsandsolutionsofferedbytheauthorandthengetthemtofillinthefollowingtable:DoubtsandProblemsExplanationsandSolutionsExamplesWarming-upTextStructureTextPartsParagraphsMainIdeasIntroductionPara.1-2A.Definitionofbiometrics:Anewtechnologythatgetsinformationfromthepartsofthebody.B.Popularizationofbiometricmachines.BodyPara.3-7Doubts,Problems,ExplanationsandSolutions.Doubtsandproblems:Biometrictechnologieswillinvadeprivacy.Explanations:Personalinformationiskeptconfidential.Doubtsandproblems:Fingerprintshavenegativeassociationsandhavelimiteduse.Solutions:Facerecognitionorhand-scanningcanbeused.Doubtsandproblems:Voicerecognitionorface

recognitioncanbetrickedandhand-scanninghas

constraints.Solutions:Newerandmoresophisticatedtechnologieswillbeinvented.TextATheMachineThatKnowsYourFace

Atagasstation,amanstopstodepositmoneyandthencashhispaycheck.Themachineknowshisface,andinaminutethemanleaveswithhiscash.

Atalargeuniversity,studentsuseahand-scanningmachinethatauthorizestheirentryintothegym.

Thesepeopleareusing“smartmachines,”whichidentifypeoplebytheirphysicalcharacteristics.Thesenewdevicesusefingers,hands,faces,eyesandvoices.Somemachinesmayevenusesmells.

Thisnewtechnology,calledbiometrics,getsinformationfrompartsofthebody.會認(rèn)人的機(jī)器在一個加油站，一個人停下來存錢，然后兌現(xiàn)他的工資支票。他使用的自動取款機(jī)認(rèn)得他的面孔，于是一會兒工夫，那個人便拿著現(xiàn)金離去了。在一所規(guī)模很大的大學(xué)里，一臺手部掃描機(jī)被用來判斷學(xué)生們可否獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入體育館。這些人正在使用的是“智能機(jī)器”，它們能借助人們的身體特征識別人員身份。這些新型裝置通過手指、手、臉、眼睛和聲音來進(jìn)行識別。有些機(jī)器甚至能靠氣味來識別。這一被稱為“生物識別技術(shù)”的新技術(shù)能從身體的某些部分獲取信息。TextAInthepast,biometricmachineswereusedmainlyingovernmentagenciesorinprisons.

Butnowthatthecostofthetechnologyislower,thesemachinesarestartingtobeusedeverywhere,fromborderservicestoschools.過去，采用生物識別技術(shù)的機(jī)器主要在政府部門或者監(jiān)獄里使用。但是現(xiàn)在，由于該技術(shù)的成本下降，這些機(jī)器開始被廣泛使用，使用場所大到邊境管理，小到學(xué)校。TextASomepeople,however,areconcernedthatthesemachineswillmeanthedestructionofpersonalprivacy.Theyworrythatthemachineswillgetpersonalinformationaboutthem.

“Iknowitseemslikethesemachinesareinvadingourprivacy,butactually,biometricmachineshelptoprotectit,”saysJay,whoworksatacompanythatdevelopsthemachines.

“Theycanbeusedwithoutpasswordsonacomputer,forexample.

Theycanalsoidentifycriminalsatairports.

So,really,theyhelptopromotepublicsafety,andalltheinformationstorediskeptconfidentialbythemachineitself.”然而，有些人擔(dān)心這些機(jī)器將意味著破壞個人隱私。他們擔(dān)心機(jī)器會獲取其個人信息?！拔抑?，這些機(jī)器看似正在侵害我們的隱私，但事實(shí)上采用生物識別技術(shù)的機(jī)器有助于保護(hù)個人隱私,”

在一家開發(fā)這種機(jī)器的公司工作的杰伊說，“比如，這些機(jī)器可以用來代替電腦上的密碼。它們還能在機(jī)場辨認(rèn)出罪犯。因此，它們實(shí)際上有助于加強(qiáng)公眾安全，而且所有儲存的信息都由機(jī)器本身秘密保存。”TextASomepeopledon’tliketheideaofusingfingerprintsbecausetheyassociatethemwithcriminals,andpeoplewouldfeellike

theywerebeingaccusedofsomething.

Inaddition,theydon’tworkforsomepeople,suchasbricklayers,whoweardowntheirfingerprints.

Yet,facerecognitiondoesworkwellbecausethesubjectdoesn’treallyhavetodoanything.

Tocashacheckatabank,forexample,thecustomerhastodonothingmorethan

lookatamachinesimilartoanATM.Ifthefacematchesthepicturekepton

file,thecustomergetsthemoneywithnoproblems.Theneedtocarryidentificationwithyoufromplacetoplace,then,wouldallbutcease.有些人不喜歡指紋識別的做法，因?yàn)橹讣y令他們聯(lián)想到罪犯，感覺好像自己被指控犯罪一樣。另外，指紋識別對有些人不適用，如砌磚工人，因?yàn)樗麄兊闹讣y都被磨平了。不過，臉部識別很有用，因?yàn)楸蛔R別者根本不需要做什么。比如，在銀行兌現(xiàn)支票時，顧客只需向一臺和自動取款機(jī)差不多的機(jī)器看一眼就行，別的什么也不用做。如果臉部特征與檔案中保存的照片相吻合，顧客就能順利地取到錢。這樣一來，帶著身份證到處跑的情況就不存在了。TextAIthasbeenfoundthatthehandscanworkswellinthecollegegym.Beforethismachinewasused,studentsatthecollegeenteredthegymusingcardssimilartocreditcards.Theproblemwasthatstudentsoftenlostorforgottheircards.

Withthehand-scanningmachine,however,theproblemwassolvedrightaway.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)使用手部掃描技術(shù)在大學(xué)體育館里應(yīng)用效果很好。在使用這臺機(jī)器以前，學(xué)生們使用類似信用卡的卡片進(jìn)入體育館?？蓡栴}是，學(xué)生們經(jīng)常丟失或忘記帶他們的卡。不過，有了手部掃描機(jī)，問題也就迎刃而解了。TextAButthemachinesarestillnew,andtherecanbeproblems.

Forexample,voicerecognitionworksonthephone,butitisnotprecise,andcanbetricked.Anotherconstraintwenotice,withmachinesthatusefacerecognitioninparticular,isthattheycanbefooledifpeoplecolortheirhairorgainalotofweight.

Thisparticularproblemmaybesolvedbyanewtypeoftechnologythatscansaperson’siris,thecoloredpartoftheeye.

Itcanevenidentifythepersonfromafewfeetaway,recognizingacustomerastheyapproachtheATM.但是這些采用生物識別技術(shù)的機(jī)器是新產(chǎn)品，因此可能會出現(xiàn)問題。例如，聲音識別在電話上可以發(fā)揮作用，但它不夠精確，因此可能被別人用假聲欺騙。我們注意到這種機(jī)器的另一個局限性，尤其對識別臉部的機(jī)器來說，如果人們?nèi)玖税l(fā)或者長胖了，它們就識別不出。一種掃描人的虹膜——眼睛中有色部分——的新技術(shù)，可以解決這一特定問題。當(dāng)顧客走近自動取款機(jī)時，它甚至可以在幾英尺之外就把他（她）識別出來。TextAThehandscanattheuniversityhadsomeproblemsatfirst,aswell.“Atthebeginningoftheschoolyear,manyofthegirlsworetheirboyfriend’srings.Iftheystoppedwearingtheringslater,themachinerejectedthem,”saysManuela.“Nowwehaveanewermachine,

anditseemstobemakingallowancesfor

thefactthatpeoplemaybewearingringsonedayandnotthenext.”大學(xué)里使用的手部掃描機(jī)剛開始使用時也有問題?！靶聦W(xué)年伊始，許多女孩都戴上了來自男友的戒指。如果之后她們不戴了，那么機(jī)器就不讓她們進(jìn)入，”曼努埃拉說道，“現(xiàn)在我們有了一臺技術(shù)更先進(jìn)的機(jī)器，它似乎考慮了這一事實(shí)，即人們有時戴戒指，有時不戴戒指。”TextAThispassageaimstointroducebiometricdevicestothereaderandconvincethemoftheiradvantages.Indoingso,theauthorusestheproblem-solutionpattern,thatis,theyputforwardthedoubtsorproblemsassociatedwiththenewdevicesandthentheydismissthedoubtsorprovidesolutionstotheproblems.Inthiswaytheargumentseemsverypersuasive.MainIdea→Exercisee.g.Peopleusedtodepositmoneyinthebankwhentheinterestratewashigher.過去利率較高時，人們常常把錢存到銀行里。depositvt.1)toputmoneyorsomethingvaluableinabankorotherplacewhereitwillbesafe存錢；存放（貴重物品）BacktoTextvt.e.g.Sandwasdepositedandhardenedintosandstone.沙經(jīng)過沉積后固結(jié)形成砂巖。2)letfall(finesubstances)andleavelying使沉積e.g.Shemadetwodepositsof$500lastmonth.上個月她存了兩次錢，每次500美元。depositn.1)[C]asumofmoneyplacedorkeptinabankusuallytogaininterest存款BacktoTextn.e.g.Youhavetopayadepositifyou’dliketomakeareservationforasuiteinthishotel.如果你想在這個旅館訂一個套間，你必須付訂金。2)[C]thefirstpartofapaymentforgoodsorservice,asasignthatthepaymentwillbecompleted訂金；預(yù)付款e.g.Ijustgetasmallpaycheckeverymonth.我每個月只得到一份菲薄的工薪。paycheck[C]apieceofpaperthatyouremployergivesyouasyourwagesorsalary,andwhichyoucanthencashatabank工資支票BacktoTextn.e.g.Theysawhimgetintohiscar,andinaminuteitwasoutofsight.他們看見他鉆進(jìn)小汽車，然后一眨眼汽車就沒影了。inaminuteinaveryshortperiodoftime很快地BacktoTexte.g.

Sheauthorizedherpartnertocarryoutthedailyresponsibilitiesonherbehalfwhenshewasonherbusinesstrip.她授權(quán)她的合伙人在她出差期間代為處理日常事務(wù)。authorizegiveformalpermissiontoorfor授權(quán)；批準(zhǔn)BacktoTextvt.e.g.

Ihaven’tbeentoagymforages.我好久沒去健身房了。gym[C]aroomorhallwithequipmentfordoingphysicalexercise,forexampleinaschool健身房；體育館BacktoTextn.e.g.

Physicalactivitypromotesgoodhealth.體育運(yùn)動促進(jìn)身體健康。physical1)connectedwithaperson’sbodyratherthantheirmind身體的；肉體的BacktoTextadj.e.g.

Whetherinthephysicalworldorinourminds,thisprinciplestands.無論在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，還是在我們的頭腦里，這個規(guī)律都成立。2)connectedwiththingsthatactuallyexistorarepresentandcanbeseen,felt,etc.ratherthanthingsthatonlyexistinaperson’smind物質(zhì)的；有形的e.g.

Sowhywouldanimalsevolveacharacteristicthatseemstoendangerthem?那么，為什么動物會進(jìn)化出一種似乎會危及它們自身的特性呢？characteristicn.[C](usuallyplural)atypicalfeatureorqualitythatsomething/somebodyhas特征；特色BacktoTextn.&adj.e.g.

Feverisoneofthecharacteristicfeaturesofthefluforallages.發(fā)燒是全年齡段的人患上流感的典型特征之一。adj.verytypicalofsomethingorofsomebody’scharacter典型的；獨(dú)特的e.g.

Can

biometrics

makebankingmoresecure?生物識別技術(shù)能讓銀行業(yè)務(wù)更安全嗎？biometrics[U]technologythatusesmeasurementsofpeople’seyes,features,fingerprints,etc.inordertoidentifythem生物識別技術(shù)BacktoTextn.Thedevicethatcanidentifyyoubyyourfacialfeatures.TheMachineThatKnowsYourFace(Title)MeaningBacktoTextNotethatthetitlereferstoatypeofmachinethatcanidentifypeoplebytheirbodypartssuchasfaces,voicesandfingerprints.Atastationwherepetrolcanbebought,amanstopstodepositsomemoneyandexchangethecheckthatpayshiswagesfortheamountofmoneyitisworth.Atagasstation,amanstopstodepositmoneyandthencashhispaycheck.MeaningBacktoTextNotetheauthorgivesthisexamplefirstinordertoarousetheinterestofthereaders.Asweknow,peoplenormallygetacheckcashedinabankinsteadofatagasstation.Thistechniquegetsreadersinterestedenoughtoreadon.Atthegasstation,thereisamachinethatcantelltheidentityofthemanbymatchinghisfacewiththeinformationonfile,soverysoonthemangetshismoneyandleavesthestation.Themachineknowshisface,andinaminutethemanleaveswithhiscash.MeaningBacktoTextAtabiguniversity,studentsgetformalpermissiontoenteragymhalltoexercisebyshowingtheirhandstoamachineandhavingthemexamined.Atalargeuniversity,studentsuseahand-scanningmachinethatauthorizestheirentryintothegym.MeaningBacktoTextThemanatthegasstationandtheuniversitystudentsgoingforexerciseareusing“smartmachines”—akindofmachinewithintelligence,whichcanprovepeople’sidentitybycheckingthespecialfeaturesoftheirbodyparts.Thesepeopleareusing“smartmachines,”whichidentifypeoplebytheirphysicalcharacteristics.MeaningBacktoTextThisnewtechnologywhichiscalledbiometrics,getsinformationfrompartsofthebody.Thisnewtechnology,calledbiometrics,getsinformationfrompartsofthebody.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.BiometricpassportsarealreadythenorminmostEuropeancountries.生物認(rèn)證科技護(hù)照在大部分歐洲國家已經(jīng)普及。biometricusingmeasurementsofhumanfeatures,suchasfingersoreyes,inordertoidentifypeople有生物識別功能的BacktoTextadj.e.g.Shewassenttoamaximum-securityprison.她被送進(jìn)高度戒備的監(jiān)獄里。prison[C;U]abuildingwherecriminalsarekeptasapunishment監(jiān)獄；看守所BacktoTextn.e.g.ThetraincrossestheborderbetweenFranceandSpain.火車穿越法國和西班牙的邊境。bordern.1)[C]thedividinglinebetweentwocountries邊境；邊界BacktoTextn.&v.e.g.Thepicturewouldlookbetterwithaborderaroundit.配上邊框，這幅畫就更漂亮了。n.2)[C]abandalongoraroundtheedgeofsomethingsuchasapictureorpieceofmaterial邊；邊框e.g.Willowtreesborderedtheriver.河岸兩旁柳樹成行。v.formaborderto與……接壤；與……毗鄰Inthepast,usuallyonlygovernmentagenciesorprisonsusedbiometricmachines.Inthepast,biometricmachineswereusedmainlyingovernmentagenciesorinprisons.MeaningBacktoTextHowever,sincethetechnologyisgettinglessexpensive,peoplearebeginningtousethesemachinesinmanyotherplaces,rangingfromofficialplaceslikestatedepartmentsatborderstomoreordinaryoneslikeschoolsButnowthatthecostofthetechnologyislower,thesemachinesarestartingtobeusedeverywhere,fromborderservicestoschools.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.Water,notwind,isthemainsourceofdeathanddestructioninahurricane.當(dāng)颶風(fēng)來臨時，造成死亡和破壞的主要原因是洪水，而不是大風(fēng)。destruction[U]theactofdestroyingorstateofbeingdestroyed破壞；毀壞BacktoTextn.e.g.Thesemenwereviolatingherfamily’s

privacy.這些人侵犯了她的家庭隱私。privacy[U]thestateofbeingfreefrompublicattention隱私BacktoTextn.e.g.Acrowdofyouthsinvadedthepeaceoftheeveningwiththeirsingingandshouting.一幫年輕人又唱又喊，侵?jǐn)_了夜晚的寧靜。invade1)enterintoandspoil侵?jǐn)_BacktoTextv.e.g.We’llwipeoutanyenemythatdarestoinvadeourterritory.敵人膽敢來犯，我們就把它消滅。2)goorcomeintoandattack,soastotakecontrolof(acountry,city,etc.)武力入侵；侵略e.g.Noonecouldusethecomputerunlesstheyhada

password.沒密碼者不能使用這臺計(jì)算機(jī)。password1)[C]asecretwordthatyoumusttypeinordertouseasystemorprogram密碼BacktoTextn.e.g.Wemustkeepthepasswordsecretfromthespies.我們必須對暗語保密，不讓密探知道。2)[C]asecretwordorphrasethatyouneedtoknowinordertobeallowedintoaplace（進(jìn)入軍營等地的）口令，暗號e.g.Inmostpeople’seyesshewasnothingmorethanacommoncriminal.在多數(shù)人的眼里她只不過是個普通的罪犯。criminaln.[C]apersonwhocommitsacrime罪犯BacktoTextn.&adj.e.g.Deliberatedamagetopublicpropertyisacriminaloffence.蓄意破壞公物是犯罪行為。adj.connectedwithorinvolvingcrime犯罪的；犯法的e.g.WetriedourbesttogetHenryoffthetopic,becauseweknewhe’drevealconfidentialinformation.我們盡力把亨利從那個話題上引開，因?yàn)槲覀冎浪麜孤C(jī)密信息。confidentialspokenorwritteninsecretandintendedtobekeptsecret保密的；機(jī)密的BacktoTextadj.Butsomepeopleareafraidthatwiththesesmartdevices,peoplewillnotbeabletokeeptheirpersonalinformationtothemselvesandwillthuscompletelylosethefreedomtokeepinformationfromotherpeople.Somepeople,however,areconcernedthatthesemachineswillmeanthedestructionofpersonalprivacy.MeaningBacktoText“Iunderstandthatthesedevicesappeartoattackourfreedomtokeeppersonalinformationfromotherpeople,butinfact,machinesbasedonthetechnologyofbiometricshelptoprotectthisfreedomofours,”saysJay,amemberofacompanywherethemachinesarerefinedandproduced.“Iknowitseemslikethesemachinesareinvadingourprivacy,butactually,biometricmachineshelptoprotectit,”saysJay,whoworksatacompanythatdevelopsthemachines.MeaningBacktoTextForinstance,inordertooperateacomputersystem,onedoesnothavetotypeinasecretgroupoflettersornumbersasusual.Instead,onecanusebiometricmachines.Theycanbeusedwithoutpasswordsonacomputer,forexample.MeaningBacktoTextTheycanalsofindcriminalsatairports.Theycanalsoidentifycriminalsatairports.MeaningBacktoTextTherefore,thesemachinesactuallyhelptokeepinformationsafeforthepublic,andthemachineswillkeepsecretallthepersonalinformationtheyhave.So,really,theyhelptopromotepublicsafety,andalltheinformationstorediskeptconfidentialbythemachineitself.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.Thecourtheardevidencefromafingerprintexpert.法院聽取了指紋專家的證詞。fingerprint[C]amarkmadebythepatternoflinesonthetipofaperson’sfinger,oftenusedbythepolicetoidentifycriminals指紋BacktoTextn.feellikefeelasif…覺得好像BacktoTexte.g.Beingtreatedthatway,Ifeltlikeachild.被那樣對待讓我覺得自己像個小孩。e.g.Whenthepolicechargesomeonewithcommittingacrime,theyformallyaccusethemofit.當(dāng)警察認(rèn)為某個人犯了罪，他們會正式起訴他。accusecharge(someone)withdoingwrongorbreakingthelaw指責(zé)；控告BacktoTextvt.e.g.Thebricklayerontheroofwascallingformoretiles.房頂上的瓦工正在叫人遞上更多的瓦片。bricklayer[C]apersonwhosejobistobuildwalls,etc.withbricks砌筑工；瓦工BacktoTextn.e.g.Shewantstobuyapairofshoesbecausetheheelsoftheoldonesareworndown.因?yàn)槟请p舊鞋的鞋跟都磨平了，所以她想再買雙鞋。weardowngraduallyreducethesizeorqualityof（使）磨損BacktoTexte.g.Hisworkisnothingmorethannewcombinationsofoldmaterials.他的作品不過是把舊素材拼湊翻新罷了。nothingmorethanjust;only(usedtoemphasizehowextremesomethingis)僅僅；只不過BacktoTexte.g.IsthereanATMnearhere?Ineedtogetsomemoneyout。附近有自動取款機(jī)嗎？我得取些錢。ATMshortformforautomatedtellermachine自動取款機(jī)BacktoTexte.g.Thefilewaslabelled“Private.”那檔案已標(biāo)明“保密”。filen.[C]aboxorfoldedpieceofcardforkeepingloosepaperstogetherandinorder;acollectionofinformationstoredtogetherinacomputer,underaparticularname檔案；卷宗BacktoTextn.e.g.Theyareallfiledalphabeticallyunderauthor.它們都是在作者一欄下面按字母順序來歸檔的。vt.putandkeepdocuments,etc.inaparticularplaceandinaparticularordersothatyoucanfindthemeasily;toputadocumentintoafile把……歸檔e.g.Ilookedthroughallthelettersonfile,butIdidnotfindtheoneIwanted.我查遍了所有入檔的信件，就是找不到我想要的那封。onfilestoredinafile存檔BacktoTexte.g.Hedidnothaveanyidentificationwhenhearrivedatthehospital.他到醫(yī)院的時候沒有任何身份證明。1)[U]something(suchasanofficialpaper)whichisprooforasignofidentity身份證明；身份證件BacktoTextn.e.g.Before1973,fingerprintsatthesceneofacrimeusedtobephotographedforidentificationpurposes1973年以前，犯罪現(xiàn)場的指紋常被拍攝下來作為識別用途。2)[U]theactofidentifyingorfactofbeingidentified確認(rèn)；識別identificatione.g.Thehousewasallbutempty.這所房子簡直是空空如也。allbutalmost;nearly幾乎；差不多BacktoTexte.g.Theythreatenedtoceasefinancialsupporttotheuniversity.他們威脅將停止向大學(xué)提供財(cái)政支援。ceasestop(especiallyanactivityorstate)停止；結(jié)束BacktoTextv.Somepeopledon’tliketheideaofusingfingerprintsbecausetheyassociatethemwithcriminals,andpeoplewouldfeelliketheywerebeingaccusedofsomething.BacktoTextSomepeopledislikethethoughtofusingfingerprintsasanidentifyingmethod,becausefingerprintsmakepeoplethinkofcriminals,andthisgivesthemafeelingthattheyarebeingchargedwithbreakingthelaw.MeaningInaddition,theydon’tworkforsomepeople,suchasbricklayers,whoweardowntheirfingerprints.BacktoTextWhat’smore,somepeoplecannotbeidentifiedbytheirfingerprints,forexample,bricklayers,whosefingerprintshavebeenremovedgraduallybytheirwork.MeaningNotethatthewordtheyreferstofingerprints.Yet,facerecognitiondoesworkwellbecausethesubjectdoesn’treallyhavetodoanything.BacktoTextButmachinesthatidentifypeoplebytheirfacesareeffective,becausethepersonwhoisbeingidentifiedinthiswaydoesnothavetodoanything.MeaningTocashacheckatabank,forexample,thecustomerhastodonothingmorethanlookatamachinesimilartoanATM.BacktoTextForinstance,toexchangeacheckformoneyincoinsandnotes,thecustomeronlyneedstolookatamachine,whichlookslikeanATMthatautomaticallyprovidescashandperformsotherbankservicesasaspecialcardisputintoit.MeaningIfthefacematchesthepicturekeptonfile,thecustomergetsthemoneywithnoproblems.BacktoTextIfthemachinefindsthecustomer’sfaceisthesameastheonethatiskeptinitsdatacollection,thecustomerwillgetthemoneysmoothly.MeaningTheneedtocarryidentificationwithyoufromplacetoplace,then,wouldallbutcease.BacktoTextItwouldnolongerbenecessaryforyoutocarryyouridentitycardwhereveryougo.MeaningIthasbeenfoundthatthehandscanworkswellinthecollegegym.BacktoTextPeoplefinditveryhelpfultousehand-scanningmachinestoidentifystudentswhowanttogetintothegymoftheuniversity.MeaningBeforethismachinewasused,studentsatthecollegeenteredthegymusingcardssimilartocreditcards.BacktoTextBeforethehand-scanningmachinewasused,collegestudentsgotintothegymbyshowingaspecialcardwhichlookedlikeacreditcard.MeaningWiththehand-scanningmachine,however,theproblemwassolvedrightaway.BacktoTextButwhentheuniversityusedthemachinethatcouldidentifypeoplebytheirhands,theissueceasedtoexist.Meaninge.g.Theprecisemeaningofthistermhasalwaysbeenambiguous.這個術(shù)語的確切意思一直都很模棱兩可。preciseexactinform,detail,measurements,time,etc.精確的；準(zhǔn)確的BacktoTextadj.e.g.Nevertheless,occasionallyhiseyestrickhim.不過，偶爾他的眼睛也會欺騙他。trickvt.cheatordeceiveortopracticetrickeryordeception欺騙；哄騙BacktoTextvt.&n.e.g.Hertearswerejustatricktodeceiveothers.她的眼淚只是欺騙別人的詭計(jì)。n.[C]somethingyoudoinordertodeceivesomeone詭計(jì)；花招e.g.Constraintsintermsoffundshaveslowedthespeedofthedevelopment.資金方面的制約使得發(fā)展速度放慢。constraint1)[C]somethingthatlimitsone’sfreedomofaction;restriction限制；限定BacktoTextn.2)[U]controloverthewaypeopleareallowedtobehave,sothattheycannotdowhattheywant約束；嚴(yán)管e.g.Theyhavecalledonthemilitarytoshowconstraint.他們呼吁軍方要有所克制。e.g.Exercisewillmakeyourmusclesstrongandpreventyoufromgainingweight.鍛煉可以使你的肌肉變得強(qiáng)壯，并避免發(fā)胖。gainweightgetfatter變胖；體重增加BacktoTexte.g.Irisscanningcanworkfromadistance.虹膜掃描可以在遠(yuǎn)距離操作。iris[C]theroundcoloredpartthatsurroundsthepupilofyoureye虹膜BacktoTextn.Forinstance,althoughthepracticeofidentifyingpeoplebytheirvoicecanbeusedtodeterminewhoismakingaphonecall,theresultisnotexact,andsometimesthemachinefailstorecognizethevoiceofthespeaker.Forexample,voicerecognitionworksonthephone,butitisnotprecise,andcanbetricked.MeaningBacktoTextWehavefoundanotherlimitation,especiallywithmachinesthatidentifypeoplebytheirfaces:Theycannotrecognizepeopleiftheyhavechangedthecoloroftheirhairortheyhavebecomemuchfatter.Anotherconstraintwenotice,withmachinesthatusefacerecognitioninparticular,isthattheycanbefooledifpeoplecolortheirhairorgainalotofweight.MeaningBacktoTextWecansolvethissingleproblemwithmachinesthatcanidentifypeoplebycheckingtheround,coloredpartoftheeye.Thisparticularproblemmaybesolvedbyanewtypeoftechnologythatscansaperson’siris,thecoloredpartoftheeye.MeaningBacktoTextThemachinewhichrecognizesaperson’siriscantelltheperson’sidentityevenwhentheyareseveralfeetaway,soitcantellacustomer’sidentityastheygetneartheATM.Itcanevenidentifythepersonfromafewfeetaway,recognizingacustomerastheyapproachtheATM.MeaningBacktoTextallowance1)[C;U]thetakingintoconsiderationoffactsthatmaychangesomething,especiallyanopinionorjudgment考慮到的事情BacktoTexte.g.Weshouldmakeallowancesforhisoldage.我們必須考慮到他年紀(jì)大了。n.2)[C](usuallysingular)somethingespeciallymoney,providedregularlyorforaspecialpurpose補(bǔ)助；津貼e.g.Disabledpeopleareentitledtoreceiveagovernmentallowance.殘障人士有權(quán)得到政府的補(bǔ)助。makeallowancesforBacktoTexttakeintoconsideration(certainfactsorconditions,especiallyparticulardifficultiesortheweaknessesofaperson)考慮到；估計(jì)到e.g.They’llmakeallowancesforthefactthatit’saffectingourperformance.他們會考慮它在影響我們的表現(xiàn)這一事實(shí)。Theuniversityalsohadsometroubleinusingthehand-scanningmachineatthebeginning.Thehandscanattheuniversityhadsomeproblemsatfirst,aswell.MeaningBacktoText…andthenewmachineappearstobeabletorecognizethesamepersonwhentheyweararingonedayanddonotwearitthenext.…anditseemstobemakingallowancesforthefactthatpeoplemaybewearingringsonedayandnotthenext.MeaningBacktoTextReadingOutFillintheblankswithoutreferringtotheoriginaltext.Thencheckyouranswersagainsttheoriginal.Afterthat,readthepassagealouduntilyoucansayitfrommemory.Atalargeuniversity,studentsusea(n)(1)_____________machinethat(2)________theirentryintothegym.Thesepeopleareusing“smartmachines,”whichidentifypeople(3)________theirphysical(4)________.Thesenew(5)_______usefingers,hands,faces,eyesandvoices.Somemachinesmay(6)________usesmells.Thisnewtechnology,called(7)________,getsinformationfrompartsofthebody.hand-scanningauthorizesbycharacteristicsdevicesevenbiometricsGettingtheMessageAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Whatisbiometrics?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinprovidingtwoexamplesofbiometricsattheverybeginningofthetext?______________________________________________________________________________________3.Howwidelyarebiometricmachinesbeingused?______________________________________________________________________________________4.InParagraph3,whatistheconcernofsomepeopleintermsofthenegativeeffectsofthenewdevices?______________________________________________________________________________________Biometricsisanewtechnology,whichusesphysicalfeaturessuchashands,voicesandeyestoidentifyaperson.Theauthorwantstoarousethereaders’interestandthusintroducethetopicofbiometrics.Peoplemaylosetheirprivacyasalltheirpersonalinformationwillbestoredinamachine.Theyarestartingtobeusedeverywhere,fromgovernmentdepartmentstoschools.GettingtheMessageAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.5.WhatdoesJaysayregardingtheconcernmentionedinParagraph3?______________________________________________________________________________________________