湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市2023-2024學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題

湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市2023-2024學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：___________一、閱讀理解ChongqingwildfiresDate:August18th—August28thCausesofthefire:ExtremeheatanddroughtsEffortstoputoutthefire:5000emergencyrescueworkers;7helicopters;thousandsofvolunteersPeopleevacuated:15001．Therewere________peoplehelpingputtingoutthewildfireinChongqing.A．5000 B．morethan5000 C．lessthan50002．Fromthereading,weknowthat________.A．thewildfireinChongqingiscausedbyhumansB．onlythegovernmentmadeeffortstoputoutthefireC．UnityisstrengthQueenElizabethII

Fullname:ElizabethAlexandraMary

Officialname:ElizabethIIDateofbirth:April21,1926Dateofdeath:September8,2022Marriage:marriedtoPrincePhillipfor74yearsbeforehepassedawayinApril2021attheageof99.Children:princeCharles;princessAnne;princeAndrew;princeEdwardMainevent：1.ascendedtheBritishthroneonFebruary6,1952.2.madeherChristmasspeechonTVforthefirsttimein1957.3.visitedChinain1986.4.becamethelongest-reigningBritishmonarchin2015

5.workedwith15primeministers.“Ideclarebeforeyouallthatmywholelifewhetheritbelongorshortshallbedevotedtoyourservice.”—ElizabethII3．HowoldwasQueenElizabethwhenshedied?A．92. B．95. C．96.4．QueenElizabethmarriedtoPrincePhillipin_________.A．1947 B．1952 C．19575．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothechart?A．ShenevervisitedChina.B．ShemarriedtoprincePhillipin1952.C．Shelovedhercountryandpeoplewithallherheart.Humourhasbeenconsideredasignofhighintelligencethroughouthumanhistory.Forexample,peopletelljokestoshowtheircleverness.Andwhilemanystudiesshowthecloserelationshipbetweenintelligenceandhumourinadults,thereislessresearchonthetopicinchildren.Now,newresearchcarriedoutonTurkishschoolchildrenhasmadeagreatdiscovery.Forthenewstudy,morethan200childrenmadecommentson10newlydrawncartoons.Sevenexpertsthengavescorestothemaccordingtothefunninessofthecommentsandtheirrelevance(關(guān)聯(lián)性)tothecartoons.Whenthesechildren’sintelligenceandhumourperformancewerecompared,theresearchersfoundthatintelligencehadagreatinfluenceonthechildren’shumourability.Theyalsofoundthatchildrenwithhigherlevelsofgeneralknowledgewerebetterabletoproducehumour.Besides,thestudyalsoshowsthatthiskindofconnectionappearstobemuchstrongerinchildrenthaninadults.Whilethestudyshowsintelligencecaninfluencethehumourofchildrenandadultsdifferently,theauthorssaythereisoneimportantthingweshouldpayattentionto.Bothhumourandintelligenceareshapedbyculturalbeliefsandvalues.Ajokeconsideredfunnyinoneculturemaybetediousinanother.Likewise,anactionmaybeconsideredasignofhighintelligenceinoneculturebutotherculturesmayfinditimproper.Thus,weshouldkeepthisinmindwhenwetalkabouttheinfluenceofintelligenceonhumorousbehaviour.“Wearereallyinterestedinthequalityofhumourmadebychildren.Humourisoftenusedforentertainmentbyadults,butchildrenmostlyuseittomakethemselvesbetteracceptedbypeoplearoundthem,”saidProfessorUgur.“So,teachers!Nexttimeyoulookatthe‘classclowns(studentsinaclasswhobehaveinafunnyorsillyway)’,donotconsiderthemfoolish.Itishighlylikelythatthose‘classclowns’,whohavegreatintelligence,arelookingforacceptance.”6．Whatdoesthenewstudyfind?A．Adultsusuallyusehumourtoattractfriends.B．Childrenarebetteratusinghumourthanadults.C．Children’sintelligencehasaneffectonhumour.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”inParagraph4mean?A．Boring. B．Interesting. C．Surprising.8．Whatshouldbeconsideredwhenwestudyhumourandintelligence?A．One’sculture. B．One’seducation. C．One’sbodylanguage.9．Whichstatementistrue?A．AjokewhichisfunnyinChinamustbefunnyinothercountries.B．Childrenoftenusehumorforentertainment.C．Thehigherlevelsofgeneralknowledgechildrenhave,thebettertheycanproducehumour.10．WhatdoesProfessorUgurprobablythinkoftheclassclowns?A．Theyarestrange.B．Theywanttobeaccepted.C．Theyareembarrassed.“Wearerunningoutofspaceandtheonlyplacestogotoareotherworlds...Spreadingoutmaybetheonlythingthatsavesusfromourselves.IbelievethathumansneedtoleaveEarth.”ThesearethewordsofthefamousscientistStephenHawking.Hawkingwasnotaloneinthisview.Manyexpertsfeelthattheonlywayforhumanstolastfarintothefutureistocolonize(殖民)otherplanets.Thatway,ifanasteroid(小行星),aterriblediseaseorsomeotherdisastershittheEarth,wewouldstillhaveachance.Marsisoneofthebestchoices.NASA,theprivatecompanySpaceX,andotherorganizationsallhaveplanstosendhumansthere.“EitherwespreadEarthtootherplanets,orwegooutoftheearth,”SpaceXfounderElonMusksaid.ButnoteveryoneagreesthatcolonizingMarsoranyotherplanetissuchagreatplan.Themostcommondisagreementaboutgoingisthatit’sjusttooexpensiveordangerous.Itwilltakeagreatdealofmoneyandotherresourcesjusttogetpeoplethere,letalonesetupaplaceforthemtolive.It’snotevenclearifhumanscouldsurviveonMars.MaybeallthetimeandmoneypeoplewouldpourintoaMarstaskwouldbebetterspentonmoreimportantprojectshereonEarth,likesolvingtheproblemsinpoorareasorchangesintheworld’sweather.SomeexpertsdisagreethatworkingoutaproblemlikeanasteroidcrashordiseaseoutbreakwhilestayinghereonEarthwouldbemucheasierandlessexpensivethansurvivingonanewplanet.What’smore,movingtoanewplanetcouldharmordestroyanythingthatalreadylivesthere.Marsseemsunsuitableforhumanstoliveon,butitcouldpossiblyhostsomelife.HumanvisitorsmaydestroythislifeorchangetheenvironmentonMarsforever.Whatdoyouthink?Shouldhumanscolonizeouterspaceorstayathome?11．InwritingParagraph1,thewriterwantsto________.A．provideanexplanationB．introduceatopicC．makeacomparison12．InParagraph2,manyexpertsrecommendcolonizingMarsinorderto________.A．protecthumansfromdyingoutB．findmorespaceforhumanstoliveinC．encourageorganizationstomakechoices13．ForwhatreasonaresomescientistsagainstcolonizingMars?A．Outofspace,outofmind.B．Moneyshouldbewellspent.C．Eastorwest,homeisbest.14．What’stheauthor’sattitude(態(tài)度)towardscolonizingMars?A．Hefeelsconfidentaboutcolonizingotherplanets.B．Hefeelssurprisedatcolonizingotherplanets.C．Hedisagreestocolonizeotherplanets.15．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Mars,OurFuturePlanet.B．MovingtoaNewPlanet.C．ShouldWeColonizeMars?閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)?！癢hat!You,too?IbelievedIwastheonlyone.”Haveyoueversaidsomethinglikethistosomeone?16Itseemsthatsimilarityoftenhelpsformfriendship.TheGreekthinkerAristotleoncesaid,“Peopleregardfriendshipasamatterofsimilarity;theysaythatwelikethosewhoarelikeourselves.”17ScientistsfromUniversityofCaliforniasaidfriendshavesimilarbehavior,ScientificAmericanreported.Thescientistsinvited42universitystudentstotakepartinatest.Eachstudentwatchedthesamesetofvideos,whichincludedacomedy,adiscussionandasoccermatch.18Accordingtotheirresearch,friendswhowatchedthesamevideoreacted(反應(yīng))insimilarways.Similarpartsoftheirbrainslitupwhilewatchingthevideos,especiallypartsthatareconnectedwithlearningandmemory.19“Seeingone’sfriendshavesimilarbehaviorwillreinforce(強(qiáng)化)one’sownvalues,opinions,andinterests,”leadscientistCarolynParkinsontoldBusinessInsider.20ScientistsfromtheUniversityofLeipzing,Germany,foundthatfriendshipisalsobasedonhowphysicallycloseyouaretosomeone.Thescientistsdidatestwithfirst-yearcollegestudentsthefirsttimetheymetinclass.Inthistest,studentswhosatinneighboringseatsweremorelikelytobecomefriends.A．Now,thereissomesciencebehindthisidea.B．Ifso,youmayhaveendedupbecomingfriendswiththisperson.C．Butbrainsimilarityisnottheonlythingthatcanresultinfriendship.D．Atthesametime,thescientistsscannedthebrainandrecordedtheirbrainactivity.E．However,peoplewhoweren’tfriendshaddifferentreactionstothesamevideos.二、任務(wù)型閱讀閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。Imagineyouarerunningtocatchatrain,onlytofindthatyouforgotyouridentificationcard!Thereisnowayyoucangetonboardwithoutit.Don’tworry.Inthenearfuture,peoplewilljustneedadigital(數(shù)字的)IDontheirsmartphones.OnMarch11,atatwosessionsnewsconference(兩會(huì)記者招待會(huì)),PremierLiKeqiangsaidthatthegovernmentwouldintroduceadigitalversion(版本)ofthenationalIDcardsthisyear.Oneaimistobettermeetthebasiclivingneedsofmorethan100millionpeoplewholiveawayfromtheirhomeprovinces.Thesepeoplehavetogotoschoolorworkatdifferentplacesotherthantheirhomes.Sometimestoprovethat“IamwhoIam”,theyhavetorunbackandforthacrossprovincestoprovideIDonthespot.Itisawasteoftime,moneyandmanpower,notedThePaper.DigitalIDcardscanallowinformationtobeaccessed(獲取)byasimplescan(掃描)withasmartphone,saidPremierLi.Thegovernmentwouldalsoprovideconvenienceforpeoplewhodonotusesmartphones,especiallytheelderly.People’sinformationsecurityandprivacywouldalsobetakennoteof,saidthePremier.Infact,China’sMinistryofPublicSecuritystartedapilottrial(初步試驗(yàn))ofdigitalIDsin2018.ItallowedpeopleincitiesincludingQuzhou,HangzhouandFuzhoutoapplyfordigitalnationalIDsonAlipay,reportedChinaNationalRadio.ThedigitalIDcouldbeusedtoopenbankaccounts,checkintohotelsandbuyhigh-speedrailwaytickets,amongotherthings.Chinaissued(頒發(fā))itsfirstIDcardin1984.ThecurrentIDcardisthesecond-generationversion,withanembeddedchip(內(nèi)嵌芯片)anddigitalencryption(加密).With18digits(數(shù)字),theIDnumberismadeupofnumbersstandingfortheholder’sbirthplace,birthdateandgender(性別).21．WhendidPremierLiKeqiangtellusthenewsthatChinawouldintroduceadigitalversionofthenationalIDcards?22．Forthepeoplewholiveawayfromtheirhomeprovinces,whatshouldtheydotoprovethat“Theyarewhotheyare”?23．Willthegovernmentprovideconvenienceforpeoplewhodonotusesmartphones?24．Whatdo18digitsontheIDcardstandfor?25．WhatdoyouthinkofdigitalIDcards?三、語(yǔ)法選擇Thetopic“Howmuchprivacycanaphotoreveal”hasbeena26onSinaWeibo,sparkingconcernandheateddiscussionaboutprivacyawareness.Ingroupchats,somepeoplemayposttheiroriginalphotos.Butthatmay27yourhomeaddressandotherinformation.Imagesoftencontainalotofinformationandvarioustracesleftbydigitalcamerasorphotomanipulationsoftware.Thisdata,calledExchangeableImageFileFormat(EXIF),isakeytoolformanyprofessionals.Itcandetail28thephotographerusedaflash,whichdigitaleffectswereappliedtoapictureandwhenthephotowas29.EXIFcanalsocontainthepreciseGPScoordinatesofthelocation30aphotowastaken,accordingtoCNN.Ifyoutakealandscapepicturefromyourwindowandsendtheoriginalpicturetoagroupchat,itmeansthatyouarereleasingyourlocationdatatoallstrangersinthegroup.Theymayevenaccuratelyinferyourhousenumberby31theshootingtimeandangle.Notjustinagroupchat,sendinganimageinatextmessage,email,orotherdeliverytoolswillalsoincludetheaccompanyinginformation.Sohowdoweprotectourprivacywhensendingphotos?Themosteffectivewayistoavoid32originalphotosingroupchats.Ifit’snecessary,trynottotapthe“originalpicture”.However,photos33byWeChatMomentsareautomaticallycompressedbythesystem,andtheytravelwithoutlocationandotherinformation,accordingtotheWeChatteam.Totackletheproblematitsroot,wecandeleteandremoveapicture’sEXIFdataonacomputer.IfyouareusinganiOSsmartphone,youcan34locationservicesforthecameraintheprivacysettings.Ifyou’reusinganAndroid,thesettingsare35fromthatofaniOSsystem.Typically,youcangotothesettingmenuandswitchtheservicesoffforthecamera,accordingtoCTVNews.26．A．hit B．hitting C．hits27．A．giveoff B．giveaway C．giveup28．A．that B．whether C．which29．A．take B．taking C．taken30．A．where B．which C．what31．A．a(chǎn)nalyze B．a(chǎn)nalyzing C．a(chǎn)nalysis32．A．using B．use C．used33．A．sending B．send C．sent34．A．turnon B．turndown C．turnoff35．A．same B．different C．similar四、短文填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Withtheearthfacingsomuchpollution,mostcountriesandregionsintheworldaretakingaction36(fight)againstpollution.Herearesomeofthemeasurestheyhavealreadytaken.NewEnergyVehicleFrancehasdecidedtostop37(sell)anycarthatusespetrol(汽油)anddiesel(柴油)fuelby2040inordertoreduceairpollutionandsaveenergyaswell.Poorfamilies38arewillingtoreplaceolderandmorepollutingcarswith39(clean)oneswillreceivesomemoneyfromthegovernment.Norway,whichistheleaderintheuseofelectriccarsinEurope,40(want)tomovetoelectric-onlyvehiclesby2025,asdoestheNetherlands.GreatgreenwallAccordingtoastudybyNASA,ChinaandIndiaarethemainreasonsfor41(make)theEarthgreeneroverthepasttwentyyears.In1978,Chinabeganaprojectwhichisknownasthe“GreatGreenWall”.Sofar,theprogram42(plant)manytreesin13provincesandautonomousregionssuchasTibetandInnerMongoliainnorthernChina.BecauseofChina’ssuccessin43(deal)withdesertification(沙漠化),theUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram(UNEP)believesthecountryisagoodexampleforotherstofollow.Chinaisoneof44(successful)countriesingreeningthedesertandhaslessonstosharewiththeworld.BestrawfreeEveryday,Americansthrowaway500millionplasticstraws,enoughtocircletheEarthtwice,orfill125schoolbuses.BeStrawFreewasstartedinAmericain2011.Californiarecentlybecame45(one)state(州)tostopusingplasticstrawsinrestaurants.CorporationslikeStarbucks,Aramark,andAmericanAirlinesarealsomakinganefforttostopofferingplasticstraws.五、翻譯閱讀下面的短文，將劃線部分譯成英文或中文。Everymonth,ZhangLinglingholdsapartywithherfriendsinaKTVroom.Attheparty,allthepeoplewearhanfuandsingsongsthatareaccompaniedbytraditionalinstrumentsorinspiredbyancientpoems.1.Inaddition,the23-year-oldgirlspendsatleastanhoureverydayplayingamobilegamethatisabouttraditionalculture.“I’mreallyinterestedinclothes,songsandgamesbasedontraditionalculture.I’mnotbuyingtheitemsjustbecausetheyareChinese—theyjustmeetmyaestheticneeds,”shetoldChinaDaily.2.很多年輕人像張玲玲一樣，對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化充滿了熱情。AreportreleasedbyChineseshort-videoplatformBilibiliinFebruaryshowsthatover177millionoftheplatform’suserslovedvideosfeaturingtraditionalculture.JiFangfang,aprofessorwiththeChineseAcademyofSocialSciences,saidit’sbecausetraditionalcultureisthebestwayforyoungpeopletodistinguishtheirnationalidentity.3.“Theywanttotelltheworldwhotheyare,andtheyarewillingtospendtimeandmoneydoingit.Youngerpeopleknowtheworldwellthroughtheinternet,andtheyneedtoexpresstheiruniqueness,”JitoldChinaDaily.SomepeopleprefertokeepthetraditionalChineseculturethewayitis,4.但也有人用自己的想象力和創(chuàng)造力使得年輕一代更容易接受傳統(tǒng)文化。PopculturedesignerYuYangisoneofthem.WhenhemadeaseriesofproductsfeaturingtheancientGodofFortune,thegodworefashionableChineseshoesandacap,andhadamicrophoneinhishand.“Popcultureisauniversallanguage.5.IhopedmorepeoplewouldacceptandlovemyworkandknowChineseculturethroughmyartpieces,”hesaidinaninterviewwithChinaDaily.46．47．48．49．50．六、書(shū)面表達(dá)51．隨著短視頻的流行，很多中學(xué)生不僅成為了短視頻的觀看大軍并且還有一部分同學(xué)開(kāi)始制作起了短視頻。中學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該成為短視頻博主？針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題，你們班展開(kāi)了激烈的討論。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下表格，總結(jié)正方反方的觀點(diǎn)并且發(fā)表你的看法。正方記錄生活學(xué)習(xí)技能

反方沉溺其中浪費(fèi)時(shí)間你的看法……注意：（1）短文必須包括表格中的所有要點(diǎn)，并適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；（2）文中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名和校名；（3）詞數(shù)80—100；標(biāo)題已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：beaddictedtosth/doingsth沉迷于某事/做某事_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案：1．B2．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了重慶的一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、及援救情況。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Effortstoputoutthefire:5000emergencyrescueworkers;7helicopters;thousandsofvolunteers”可知，參與此次救火的有5000位救援人員，還有數(shù)以千計(jì)的志愿者。故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Effortstoputoutthefire:5000emergencyrescueworkers;7helicopters;thousandsofvolunteers；Peopleevacuated:1500”可知，山火的最終撲滅是救援人員、志愿者等通力合作才實(shí)現(xiàn)的。由此推斷，團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量。故選C。3．C4．A5．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，文章簡(jiǎn)單介紹了女王伊麗莎白二世的生平。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格“Dateofbirth:April21,1926Dateofdeath:September8,2022”可知伊麗莎白二世生于1926，并于2022年去世，享年96歲。故選C。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格“Marriage:marriedtoPrincePhillipfor74yearsbeforehepassedawayinApril2021attheageof99.”可知菲利普親王于2021年去世，兩人婚姻持續(xù)74年，則兩人于1947年結(jié)婚。故選A。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格“Ideclarebeforeyouallthatmywholelifewhetheritbelongorshortshallbedevotedtoyourservice.”可推斷伊麗莎白二世對(duì)英國(guó)和英國(guó)人民有著至高無(wú)上的愛(ài)。故選C。6．C7．A8．A9．C10．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章中講述了對(duì)于兒童智力和幽默之間關(guān)系的研究，以及結(jié)果。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“theresearchersfoundthatintelligencehadagreatinfluenceonthechildren’shumourability.”可知，該項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)智力對(duì)于兒童的幽默能力有著極大的影響。故選C。7．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Likewise,anactionmaybeconsideredasignofhighintelligenceinoneculturebutotherculturesmayfinditimproper.”可知，同樣，在一種文化中，一個(gè)動(dòng)作可能被認(rèn)為是高智商的標(biāo)志，但其他文化可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹Ｒ虼送茰y(cè)上文講述的是同一個(gè)有趣的事情，可能在其他國(guó)家是“無(wú)趣的”。故選A。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Bothhumourandintelligenceareshapedbyculturalbeliefsandvalues.”可知，研究智力和幽默時(shí)，需要考慮研究對(duì)象的文化背景。故選A。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theyalsofoundthatchildrenwithhigherlevelsofgeneralknowledgewerebetterabletoproducehumour.”可知，兒童的常識(shí)水平越高，他們就越能產(chǎn)生幽默。故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段教授說(shuō)的“donotconsiderthemfoolish…whohavegreatintelligence,arelookingforacceptance.”可以得知在班上嘩眾取寵的“班級(jí)小丑”是為了讓大家接受他。故選B。11．B12．A13．B14．C15．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要討論了人類應(yīng)該待在地球還是殖民到火星。11．推理判斷題。通讀第一段可知，本段引用科學(xué)家霍金的話就是為了引入話題，地球空間不夠，人類要去尋找新的生存空間。故選B。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thatway,ifanasteroid(小行星),aterriblediseaseorsomeotherdisastershittheEarth,wewouldstillhaveachance.Marsisoneofthebestchoices.”可知，殖民到火星是為了拯救人類。故選A。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Themostcommondisagreementaboutgoingisthatit’sjusttooexpensiveordangerous.Itwilltakeagreatdealofmoneyandotherresourcesjusttogetpeoplethere,letalonesetupaplaceforthemtolive.”可知，科學(xué)家們反對(duì)的原因是因?yàn)榇伺e將耗費(fèi)巨大的財(cái)力。故選B。14．觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“What’smore,movingtoanewplanetcouldharmordestroyanythingthatalreadylivesthere.Marsseemsunsuitableforhumanstoliveon,butitcouldpossiblyhostsomelife.HumanvisitorsmaydestroythislifeorchangetheenvironmentonMarsforever.”可知，作者不同意殖民到其它星球。故選C。15．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Shouldhumanscolonizeouterspaceorstayathome?”及全文可知，本文主要討論了人類應(yīng)該待在地球還是殖民到火星。故選C。16．B17．A18．D19．E20．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文通過(guò)研究來(lái)證明大腦相似性與友誼之間的關(guān)系，并且這并不是產(chǎn)生友誼的唯一因素，友誼還建立在你和某人身體上的親密程度上。16．根據(jù)“What!You,too?IbelievedIwastheonlyone.”以及“Itseemsthatsimilarityoftenhelpsformfriendship.”可知，兩人有相似的地方，可能會(huì)成為朋友。選項(xiàng)B“如果是這樣的話，你可能最終會(huì)和這個(gè)人成為朋友?！狈希蔬xB。17．根據(jù)“ScientistsfromUniversityofCaliforniasaidfriendshavesimilarbehavior,ScientificAmericanreported.”以及接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容可知，講述了科學(xué)研究結(jié)果，選項(xiàng)A“現(xiàn)在，這個(gè)想法背后有一些科學(xué)依據(jù)。”符合，故選A。18．根據(jù)“Eachstudentwatchedthesamesetofvideos,whichincludedacomedy,adiscussionandasoccermatch”以及“Similarpartsoftheirbrainslitupwhilewatchingthevideos”可知，是結(jié)合大腦反應(yīng)一起研究，選項(xiàng)D“與此同時(shí)，科學(xué)家們掃描了大腦，并記錄了他們的大腦活動(dòng)?！狈?，故選D。19．根據(jù)“friendswhowatchedthesamevideoreacted(反應(yīng))insimilarways.Similarpartsoftheirbrainslitupwhilewatchingthevideos”可知，是朋友的人觀看同一個(gè)視頻有相似的反應(yīng)，因此此空會(huì)說(shuō)明不是朋友的人觀看同一個(gè)視頻的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)E“然而，不是朋友的人對(duì)相同的視頻有不同的反應(yīng)?！狈希蔬xE。20．根據(jù)“foundthatfriendshipisalsobasedonhowphysicallycloseyouaretosomeone”可知，此處在分析另一種影響友誼的方面，選項(xiàng)C“但大腦相似并不是唯一能帶來(lái)友誼的東西?！狈?，故選C。21．OnMarch11.22．TheyshouldprovideIDonthespot.23．Yes.24．Theystandfortheholder’sbirthplace,birthdateandgender.25．Theyareconvenient.【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了政府將在今年的國(guó)民身份證中推出數(shù)字版本的相關(guān)情況。21．根據(jù)第二段“OnMarch11,atatwosessionsnewsconference(兩會(huì)記者招待會(huì)),PremierLiKeqiangsaidthatthegovernmentwouldintroduceadigitalversion(版本)ofthenationalIDcardsthisyear.”可知，在3月11日，李克強(qiáng)總理告訴我們，中國(guó)將推出數(shù)字版國(guó)民身份證。故填OnMarch11.22．根據(jù)第二段“Thesepeoplehavetogotoschoolorworkatdifferentplacesotherthantheirhomes.Sometimestoprovethat“IamwhoIam”,theyhavetorunbackandforthacrossprovincestoprovideIDonthespot.”可知，對(duì)于那些遠(yuǎn)離家鄉(xiāng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們應(yīng)該當(dāng)場(chǎng)提供身份證證明是他們自己。故填TheyshouldprovideIDonthespot.23．根據(jù)第三段“Thegovernmentwouldalsoprovideconvenienceforpeoplewhodonotusesmartphones”可知，政府還將為不使用智能手機(jī)的人提供便利。故填Yes.24．根據(jù)最后一段“With18digits(數(shù)字),theIDnumberismadeupofnumbersstandingfortheholder’sbirthplace,birthdateandgender(性別).”可知，身份證上的18位數(shù)字代表持有人出生地、出生日期和性別。故填Theystandfortheholder’sbirthplace,birthdateandgender.25．本題答案不唯一。根據(jù)“ThedigitalIDcouldbeusedtoopenbankaccounts,checkintohotelsandbuyhigh-speedrailwaytickets,amongotherthings.”可知，數(shù)字身份證可以用于開(kāi)立銀行賬戶、入住酒店和購(gòu)買(mǎi)高鐵票等。由此可知，數(shù)字身份證很方便，故填Theyareconvenient.26．A27．B28．B29．C30．A31．B32．A33．C34．C35．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了照片會(huì)暴露個(gè)人信息，以及如何避免此問(wèn)題。26．句意：“一張照片能暴露多少隱私”這個(gè)話題在新浪微博上引起了熱議，引發(fā)了人們對(duì)隱私意識(shí)的關(guān)注和熱烈討論。hit動(dòng)詞原形/名詞；hitting動(dòng)名詞；hits動(dòng)詞三單。a后加名詞，故選A。27．句意：但這可能會(huì)泄露你的家庭住址和其他信息。giveoff釋放；giveaway捐贈(zèng)、泄露；giveup放棄。根據(jù)“thatmay...yourhomeaddressandotherinformation”可知，發(fā)布原始照片會(huì)泄露家庭住址和其他信息，故選B。28．句意：它可以詳細(xì)說(shuō)明攝影師是否使用閃光燈，哪些數(shù)字效果應(yīng)用于照片以及照片拍攝時(shí)間。that不譯；whether是否；which哪一個(gè)。detail“詳細(xì)說(shuō)明”是動(dòng)詞，此處是賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，根據(jù)“Itcandetail...thephotographerusedaflash”可知，它可以詳細(xì)說(shuō)明攝影師是不是使用了閃光燈，故選B。29．句意：它可以詳細(xì)說(shuō)明攝影師是否使用閃光燈，哪些數(shù)字效果應(yīng)用于照片以及照片拍攝時(shí)間。take動(dòng)詞原形；taking動(dòng)名詞；taken過(guò)去分詞。主語(yǔ)“thephoto”是動(dòng)作的承受者，此處是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)weredone，故用過(guò)去分詞。故選C。30．句意：據(jù)CNN報(bào)道，EXIF還可以包含照片拍攝地點(diǎn)的精確GPS坐標(biāo)。where關(guān)系副詞，指地點(diǎn)；which關(guān)系代詞，指物；what不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知“aphotowastaken”是定語(yǔ)從句，且不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，先行詞是location“位置”，故用關(guān)系副詞where。故選A。31．句意：他們甚至可以通過(guò)分析拍攝的時(shí)間和角度準(zhǔn)確地推斷出你的門(mén)牌號(hào)。analyze動(dòng)詞原形；analyzing動(dòng)名詞；analysis名詞。bydoing“通過(guò)做某事”，故選B。32．句意：最有效的方法是避免在群聊中使用原始照片。using動(dòng)名詞；use動(dòng)詞原形；used過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞。avoiddoing“避免做某事”，故選A。33．句意：然而，據(jù)微信團(tuán)隊(duì)稱，微信朋友圈發(fā)送的照片會(huì)被系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)壓縮，并且在傳輸過(guò)程中沒(méi)有位置和其他信息。sending動(dòng)名詞；send動(dòng)詞原形；sent過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞。分析句子可知，“arecompressed”是謂語(yǔ)，所以此處是后置定語(yǔ)，且由空格后by可知，此處用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)含義，故選C。34．句意：如果你使用的是iOS智能手機(jī)，你可以在隱私設(shè)置中關(guān)閉相機(jī)的定位服務(wù)。turnon打開(kāi)；turndown調(diào)低；turnoff關(guān)。根據(jù)“Totackletheproblematitsroot”可知，為了解決隱私泄露問(wèn)題，應(yīng)該關(guān)閉定位服務(wù)，故選C。35．句意：如果你使用的是安卓系統(tǒng)，設(shè)置與iOS系統(tǒng)不同。same相同的；different不同的；similar相似的。bedifferentfrom“與……不同”，固定短語(yǔ)，故選B。36．tofight37．selling38．which/that39．cleaner40．wants41．making42．hasplanted43．dealing44．themostsuccessful45．thefirst【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了法國(guó)、中國(guó)、美國(guó)采取的對(duì)抗污染的措施。36．句意：隨著地球面臨如此多的污染，世界上大多數(shù)國(guó)家和地區(qū)都在采取行動(dòng)對(duì)抗污染。此處表示目的用不定式，故填tofight。37．句意：為了減少空氣污染和節(jié)約能源，法國(guó)決定到2040年停止銷(xiāo)售任何使用汽油和柴油的汽車(chē)。stopdoing“停止做某事”，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填selling。38．句意：愿意用更清潔的汽車(chē)取代舊的、更污染的汽車(chē)的貧困家庭將從政府那里得到一些錢(qián)。分析句子可知“arewillingtoreplaceolderandmorepollutingcarswith...ones”是定語(yǔ)從句，此空是關(guān)系代詞，先行詞families是物，故用which或that指代families，故填which/that。39．句意：愿意用更清潔的汽車(chē)取代舊的、更污染的汽車(chē)的貧困家庭將從政府那里得到一些錢(qián)。根據(jù)“replaceolderandmorepollutingcarswith...(clean)ones”可知，用更清潔的汽車(chē)取代舊的更污染的汽車(chē)，此處用比較級(jí)，故填cleaner。40．句意：挪威是歐洲使用電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的領(lǐng)頭羊，它希望到2025年實(shí)現(xiàn)純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)，荷蘭也是如此。分析句子可知“whichistheleaderintheuseofelectriccarsinEurope”是定語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)是Norway，此空是主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是三單，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用三單形式，故填wants。41．句意：根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的一項(xiàng)研究，中國(guó)和印度是過(guò)去20年來(lái)使地球變得更加綠色的主要原因。for是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填making。42．句意：到目前為止，該項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)在中國(guó)北部的西藏和內(nèi)蒙古等13個(gè)省和自治區(qū)種植了許多樹(shù)木。由sofar可知句子是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone，主語(yǔ)theprogram是三單，助動(dòng)詞用has，plant的過(guò)去分詞是planted，故填hasplanted。43．句意：由于中國(guó)在治理荒漠化方面取得了成功，聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署(UNEP)認(rèn)為中國(guó)是其他國(guó)家效仿的好榜樣。succeedindoing“成功做某事”，故填dealing。44．句意：中國(guó)是沙漠綠化最成功的國(guó)家之一，有很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以與世界分享。oneof+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“最……的……之一”，successful的最高級(jí)是themostsuccessful，故填themostsuccessful。45．句意：加利福尼亞最近成為第一個(gè)在餐館停止使用塑料吸管的州。根據(jù)“Californiarecentlybecame...state(州)tostopusingplasticstrawsinrestaurants.”可知，加利福尼亞第一個(gè)禁止在餐館使用塑料吸管，one的序數(shù)詞是first，故填thefirst。46．此外，這位23歲的女孩子每天至少花一個(gè)小時(shí)玩一款有關(guān)傳統(tǒng)文化的手機(jī)游戲。47．LikeZhangLingling,therearemanyyoungpeoplewhohaveapassionfortraditionalChineseculture.48．年輕人想要告訴全世界他們是誰(shuí)，他們?cè)敢鉃榇嘶ㄙM(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢(qián)。49．buttherearealsosomepeopleusingtheirimaginationandcreationtomaketraditionalculturemoreacceptabletoyounggeneration.50．我希望更多的人接受并且熱愛(ài)我的工作，通過(guò)我的藝術(shù)作品了解中國(guó)文化?！緦?dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了張玲玲，季芳芳以及于洋三人運(yùn)用自己的方法弘揚(yáng)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的故事。46．Inaddition“此外”；the23-year-oldgirl“這位23歲的女孩子”；spend...doing“花費(fèi)……做某事”；atleast“至少”；anhoureveryday“每天一小時(shí)”；playingamobilegame“玩一款手機(jī)游戲”；thatisabouttraditionalculture“關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)文化的”。故填：此外，這位23歲的女孩子每天至少花一個(gè)小時(shí)玩一款有關(guān)傳統(tǒng)文化的手機(jī)游戲。47．很多年輕人：manyyoungpeople；像張玲玲一樣：