2024屆新高考英語熱點沖刺復(fù)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法

2024屆新高考英語熱點沖刺復(fù)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法Word-formationWord-formation合成法派生法轉(zhuǎn)化法newspaperblackboardhomesickpineapple觀察下面單詞，看一看他們有什么特點？

由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞，有的用連詞符號“-”連接，有的直接連寫在一起。Compounding(合成法)從右欄中找出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~與左欄搭配構(gòu)成合成詞.suitnewfirsttroublebestbabyoveremptycasesellerclassbornhandedeatsitfreesuitcae

行李箱bestseller暢銷書firstclass一流的newborn新生兒overeat吃得過多babysit臨時照顧troublefree無故障的empty-handed空手而歸1.myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout____inEnglish.—Youcanwrite______passageinEnglish.A.600words；a600-wordsB.600-word；a600-wordsC.600words；a600-wordD.600words；a600-words2.Canadaismainlyan________country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken(1)由“可數(shù)名詞＋介詞(短語)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，把前面的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。*sister-in-law→sisters-in-law*passer-by→passers-by*looker-on→lookers-on(2)由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，兩個名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。*awomanteacher→womenteachers*amandoctor→mendoctorsuncomfortableun-comfort前綴詞根-able后綴Derivation(派生法)

派生法，即在詞根上加如前綴或后綴，從而構(gòu)成新詞，詞根是單詞的組基本部分，前綴和后綴有一定的含義或功能，有助于推測新詞詞義。否定前綴un-

unfriendly不公平的

不擁擠的不可思議的，難以置信的不同尋常的

不幸運的

unfairuncrowdedunbelievableunusualunlucky/unfortunately否定前綴in-

incorrect非正式的不昂貴的不方便的

inconvenientinformalinexpensive否定前綴im-

impossible不禮貌的不合適的沒有耐心的

impoliteimproperimpatient否定前綴dis-

disagree劣勢，不利條件不誠實的消失disadvantagedishonestdisappear名詞后綴-or/er

從事某種職業(yè)的人演員參觀者導(dǎo)演歌手賽跑者司機(jī)工人actorvisitordirectorsingerrunnerdriverworker-ist

人藝術(shù)家科學(xué)家游客恐怖分子artistscientisttouristterroist名詞后綴-tion

表示動作、狀態(tài)邀請吸引人口發(fā)音invitationattractionpopulationpronunciation思考：你還知道其他常見的名詞后綴嗎？---ment---ity---ness---ship---tude---ure---ology...enjoymentabilityhappinessfriendshipattitudeadventurepsychology形容詞后綴-ful

成功的美麗的多彩的極好的successfulbeautifulcolorfulwonderful形容詞后綴-y

有趣的健康的多云的有風(fēng)的funnyhealthycloudywindy形容詞后綴-ing

令人無聊的有趣的令人興奮的杰出的boringinterestingexcitingoutstanding-ed

驚訝的平衡的放松的有天賦的形容詞后綴-able能夠舒服的令人難忘的comfortableunforgettable形容詞后綴-less沒有、無

無家可歸的無助的粗心的homelesshelplesscareless形容詞后綴-ly

友好的friendlylovely,likely,deadly,lively,lonely,orderly,daily,manly,weekly...副詞后綴-ly

通常地最終可能地真正地usuallyfinallypossiblyreallyWhenshesawtheheavyrain,shesaid“It’srainingheavily”.Shecoveredherheadwithherschoolbagandheadedhome.名詞動詞名詞動詞Conversion（轉(zhuǎn)化法）

即一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N或幾種詞性，詞形不變。轉(zhuǎn)換后的詞義通常可以通過原詞義推斷出來。1.動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞（1）Theyweretalkingwitheachother.

Ithinkwe’dbetterfinishthetalknow.（2）HelookedasidewhenIspoketohim.

Let’shavealookfirst.（3）Haveyoubookedtheticket？What’sthenameofthebook？v.談話n.談話v.看n.看v.預(yù)定n.書2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞(1)Putyour

hand

upifyouknowtheanswer.

pleasehand

thelettertome.(2)Thesickchildrenarewelltakencareofbythedoctorsandnurses.

Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.(3)Theybeginbreakfastatseven.

Webreakfastedtogether.n.手v.遞給v.照料，護(hù)理n.護(hù)士n.早餐v.吃早餐Heisabettermanthanhisfather.

Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.3.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞adj.更好的v.改善LastFriday,AmywaspresentatJo