人教版英語(yǔ)選修7教師用書Unit2SectionⅡLearningaboutlanguage

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞1．Theweatherlastsummerwasawful(糟透的)．2．Forthem，playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs(事情)．3．Itisrequiredthatchildrenunder14shouldbeacpanied(陪伴)byanadult.4．Alltheaudiencefeltsympathy(同情)forthedisabledgirlwholostherparentsinanaccident.5．Thereisnoneedforyoutoenvy(羨慕)yourfriendherwealth，becausewealthdoesn'tmeanhappiness.6．Amothershouldn'tshowtoomuchfavourtooneofherchildren.7．Alarmedbythenoise，thebirdsflewawayinalldirections.8．Thewarcametoanend，tothesatisfactionofeverybody.9．Shewastiredofthehardlifeinthemountainvillageanddesiredtogoout.10．Manyofthesenewideasmayatfirstseemabsurd；however，donotignoretheseideas，astheyoftenholdthekeystobreakingoldhabits.Ⅱ.拓展詞匯根據(jù)詞性和漢語(yǔ)提示，寫出下列單詞1．declarevt.宣布；聲明；表明；宣稱→declarationn．宣言；聲明；公告2．a(chǎn)larmvt.使警覺；使驚恐；驚動(dòng)n．警報(bào)；驚恐→alarmedadj.擔(dān)心的；害怕的3．elegantadj.優(yōu)雅的；高雅的；講究的→elegancen．優(yōu)雅；高雅→elegantlyadv.優(yōu)雅地；高雅地；講究地4．favourn．喜愛；恩惠vt.喜愛；偏袒→favouriteadj.最喜歡的n．最喜愛的東西→favourableadj.贊同的；有利的5．satisfyvt.滿足；使?jié)M意→satisfactionn．滿意；滿足；令人滿意的事物→satisfying/satisfactoryadj.令人滿意的→satisfiedadj.滿足的；(感到)滿意的eq\a\vs4\al([尋規(guī)律、巧記憶])v.＋-ed→形容詞v.＋-ation→名詞accustomed通常的；習(xí)慣的addicted上癮的；有強(qiáng)烈興趣的disabled殘廢的；殘疾的expectation預(yù)料；期望information信息invitation邀請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)?zhí)鹢ccupation職業(yè)；工作Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ)根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列短語(yǔ)1．testout 考驗(yàn)出，檢驗(yàn)完2．ringup 給……打3．turnaround 轉(zhuǎn)身；翻轉(zhuǎn)4．leave...alone 不管，別惹，讓……一個(gè)人待著；和……單 獨(dú)在一起5．orrather 更確切地說6．a(chǎn)pileof 一堆7．prevent...fromdoingsth. 阻止某人做某事8．fallinlovewith．.. 愛上……Ⅳ.選詞填空選用上述短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Ihadmeanttocallonyou，butIwaspreventedfromdoingso.2．Hewenthomeverylatelastnight，orrather，intheearlyhoursthismorning.3．Somewomenespeciallyenjoypassengersturningaroundtoseethem.4．Afterthepanyhasanewplanebuilt，itwillbetestedoutthoroughly.5．Myclassmaterangmeupsayingthattheschoolfootballteamhadhadthreevictoriesthismonthagainstotherschools.背教材原句記句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫促落實(shí)1.Itwasdisturbingandfrighteningthathelookedsohuman.機(jī)器人看起來如此像人，這使她覺得心煩和害怕。it代替從句作形式主語(yǔ)Itisnotclearwhethershecanbeelectedpresident.她能否當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)還不清楚。2.Assheturnedaround，therestoodGladysClaffern.她剛轉(zhuǎn)身，就看到格拉迪絲·克拉芬站在那兒。副詞there位于句首，句子要完全倒裝Therestandsatempleonthetopofthemountain.那座山頂上有一座寺廟。3.ButeventhoughTonyhadbeensoclever，hewouldhavetoberebuilt—youcannothavewomenfallinginlovewithmachines.但是，盡管托尼很聰明，他還得作一番改造——總不能讓女人與機(jī)器相愛吧。can'thavesb.doingsth.意為“不容忍或允許某人做某事”O(jiān)urteacherscan'thaveuscarryingmobilephonestoschool.老師不允許我們把帶到學(xué)校來。desiren．渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要(教材P10)Doyouthinkitispossibleforarobottohaveitsownneedsanddesires?你認(rèn)為機(jī)器人可能有它自己的需要和欲望嗎？(1)haveadesireforsth. 渴望得到某物haveadesiretodosth. 渴望做某事(2)desiretodosth. 渴望做某事desirefor... 渴望……desiresb.todosth. 想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth. 渴望……①Theboyhasastrongdesireforknowledge.這個(gè)男孩有強(qiáng)烈的求知欲。②Hedesiredtowin(win)thegame.＝Hehadadesiretowin(win)thegame.＝Hedesiredthathe(should)win(win)thegame.他希望贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。③Hismotherdesiresthathe(should)goabroad.＝Hismotherdesireshimtogo(go)abroad.他的母親希望他出國(guó)。[語(yǔ)境助記]Mydaughterisnowaseniorhighschoolstudent.Shedesires/hasadesirethatshe(should)beadmittedtoafamousuniversity.Besides,shehasastrongdesiretomajorinEnglish.ButIdesirehertostudymedicineinthefuture.Undergreatpressure,shedesirestohaveagoodtimeintheingsummerholiday.我的女兒現(xiàn)在是一名高中生。她渴望被一所著名的大學(xué)錄取。此外，她有強(qiáng)烈的愿望主修英語(yǔ)。但是我希望她將來學(xué)醫(yī)。在巨大的壓力下，她渴望在即將到來的暑假中過得愉快。[名師點(diǎn)津]desire后跟賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，即“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。sympathyn.同情(心)(教材P11)Clairethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.克萊爾覺得，機(jī)器人會(huì)向她表示同情，這有點(diǎn)荒唐可笑。express/feel/havesympathyforsb.同情某人outofsympathy 出于同情withsympathy 同情地insympathywith 支持；贊成sympatheticadj. 同情的，有同情心的，贊同的①Weallhavegreatsympathyforthevictimsoftheflood.我們所有人對(duì)水災(zāi)的遇難者都深表同情。②Welookedatthepoorchildwithsympathy.我們同情地看著那個(gè)可憐的孩子。③Hegavethepoorchildmuchhelpoutofsympathy.出于同情，他給了這個(gè)窮孩子很多幫助。④Iaminsympathywithhisviewthatthedisabledneedrespecting.我同意他的觀點(diǎn)：殘疾人需要尊重。[名師點(diǎn)津]sympathy作“同情”之意時(shí)，常與介詞for連用；作“贊成”之意時(shí)，與介詞with連用。[語(yǔ)境助記]Heisquitesympatheticandheshowsgreatsympathytothosepoorchildrenwhocan'tgotoschool.他很有同情心十分同情那些不能上學(xué)的可憐孩子。favourn．喜愛；恩惠vt.喜愛；偏袒(教材P11)AsafavourTonypromisedtohelpClairemakeherselfsmarterandherhomemoreelegant.作為好意，托尼答應(yīng)幫助克萊爾，使她變得更聰明，并且使她的家變得更高雅。dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb. 幫某人的忙infavourof... 支持……asksb.forafavour＝askafavourofsb. 請(qǐng)求某人幫忙inone'sfavour 對(duì)某人有利①Couldyoudomeafavour/doafavourformeandpickupSamfromschooltoday?今天你能幫我個(gè)忙去學(xué)校接山姆嗎？②Iwanttoaskafavourofyou/askyouforafavour；willyoulendmeyourcellphone?我想請(qǐng)你幫忙，你能把你的借給我嗎？③MostofthemwereinfavourofmyopinionwhileDavidwasagainstit.他們大部分人贊成我的觀點(diǎn)，而戴維反對(duì)。④Theexchangerateisinourfavourforthetimebeing.匯率暫時(shí)對(duì)我們有利。[詞語(yǔ)巧記][語(yǔ)境助記]Allofusfavoredtheplanofgoingfishing，fortheweatherwasfavorable.我們所有人都同意去釣魚的計(jì)劃，因?yàn)樘鞖夂苡欣?。acpanyvt.陪伴；陪同；伴奏(教材P11)Ashewasnotallowedtoacpanyhertotheshops，hewroteoutalistofitemsforher.因?yàn)樗槐辉试S陪她去商店，所以他就給她寫了一份購(gòu)物清單。acpanysb.at/onsth. (尤指用鋼琴)為某人伴奏beacpaniedby 由某人陪同；由……伴奏acpanysb.＝keepsbpany 陪伴某人acpanysb.tosomeplace 陪伴/陪同某人到某地①M(fèi)yneighborcametoacpanyme/keepmepanywhilemyparentswereout.我鄰居在我父母外出時(shí)過來陪我。②Heacpaniedhisfathertothehospitaltoseewhat'swrongwithhisstomach.他陪他的父親去醫(yī)院查看胃部出了什么問題。[語(yǔ)境助記]Herfatheracpaniedhertotheconcertandwhenshesangherfatheracpaniedheronthepiano.Hersongsoundedwonderfulacpaniedbythemusic.她父親陪她去音樂會(huì)，當(dāng)她唱歌時(shí)她父親為她鋼琴伴奏。在音樂的伴奏下她的歌聲聽起來優(yōu)美極了。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)沒有acpanysb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)acpany是及物動(dòng)詞，其后無需用介詞。ringup給……打(教材P11)Whentheclerkatthecounterwasrudetoher，sherangTonyupandtoldtheclerktospeaktohim.當(dāng)柜臺(tái)的售貨員對(duì)她很粗魯時(shí)，她就給托尼打，讓售貨員同他講話。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(callsb.up,givesb.acall/phonecall/ring,phone/telephonesb.))給某人打call/ringback 回hangup/ringoff 掛斷hang/holdon 別掛斷；請(qǐng)稍等①Ihavetoringoff/hangupnowbecausemyfriendiswaitingforme.我朋友在等我，我得掛了。②Shepromisedtoring/callbackhoursago，butIhaven'treceivedhercallinguptonow.幾小時(shí)前她說過要回的，但是到現(xiàn)在為止我還未接到她的。③Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Pleasehang/holdonforamoment.我有要事要告訴你，請(qǐng)不要掛斷。④Hetelephonedmelastnighttoaskafavourofme.＝Herang/calledmeuplastnighttoaskafavourofme.＝Hegavemeacall/ringlastnighttoaskafavourofme.他昨晚給我打請(qǐng)我?guī)兔?。[名師點(diǎn)津]ringup中的up是副詞，接人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱代詞要放在ring和up之間，接名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞既可放在ring和up之間，也可放在ringup之后。turnaround/round轉(zhuǎn)向；轉(zhuǎn)過身來；回轉(zhuǎn)(教材P11)Assheturnedaround，therestoodGladysClaffern.她剛轉(zhuǎn)身，就看到格拉迪絲·克拉芬站在那兒。寫出下列句中turnaround的含義①Thoughthesituationlooksgloomy，itwilleventuallyturnaround.回轉(zhuǎn)；好轉(zhuǎn)②Iturnedaroundtoseeifanyonewasfollowingme.轉(zhuǎn)身turndown 降低；壓低(力量、聲音等)；拒絕turnup 把聲音開大；出現(xiàn)turnin 上交turnon 打開(煤氣、電燈等)turnout 關(guān)閉(煤氣、電燈等)；結(jié)果是/原來是； 在場(chǎng)turnto 向……求助；翻到(頁(yè)碼等)③YoucouldturntotheteacherswheneveryouhavetroubleinlearningEnglish.無論你何時(shí)學(xué)英語(yǔ)有困難，你都可以向老師尋求幫助。④Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.因?yàn)樘Γ现苣凡坏貌痪芙^了聚會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)。⑤Hepromisedthathewoulde，buthehasn'tturnedupyet.他承諾會(huì)來，但是他還沒有出現(xiàn)。declarevt.宣布；聲明；表明；宣稱(教材P11－12)Shecriedout“Tony”andthenheardhimdeclarethathedidn'twanttoleaveherthenextdayandthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.她大叫一聲“托尼”，然后聽到托尼一本正經(jīng)地說，第二天他不想離開她，而且他并不滿足于僅僅只是使她開心。declarefor/against 聲明贊成/反對(duì)declaresb./sth./oneself(tobe)＋adj./n. 聲稱某人/某事……declarethat... 宣布/宣告……declarewaron/against 對(duì)……宣戰(zhàn)it'sdeclaredthat... 據(jù)宣布①M(fèi)ostpeopledeclaredforpeaceandagainstwar.大多數(shù)人宣布擁護(hù)和平，反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。②Theydeclaredhimtobe(be)thewinner.他們宣布他為獲勝者。③In1941，BritainandtheUnitedStatesdeclaredwaron/againstJapanandthePacificWarstarted.1941年，英國(guó)和美國(guó)對(duì)日宣戰(zhàn)，太平洋戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開始。④ThemomenttheOlympicGameswasdeclared(declare)open，thewholeworldcheered.奧運(yùn)會(huì)一宣布開幕，全世界都沸騰了。envyvt.忌妒；羨慕(教材P12)Whatasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen！被那些女士羨慕是多么愜意的勝利?。?1)envysb.(for)sth. 羨慕/忌妒某人有某物envysb.doingsth. 羨慕/忌妒某人做某事(2)feelenvyat 對(duì)……感到忌妒或羨慕outofenvy 出于忌妒withenvy 羨慕地；忌妒地betheenvyofsb./sth. 成為羨慕(或忌妒)的對(duì)象/東西①Shealwaysenviesme(for)mycurlyhair.她總是羨慕我的一頭卷發(fā)。②Ienvyyouhaving(have)suchahappyfamily.我羨慕你有一個(gè)這么幸福的家庭。③Thathedidsoisoutofenvyofmysuccess.他這樣做是出于忌妒我的成功。④TheylookedwithenvyatTom'snewcar，whichbecametheenvyofalltheneighbours.他們羨慕地看著湯姆的新車，這已經(jīng)成為所有鄰居妒忌的對(duì)象了。[語(yǔ)境助記]Thedogwithonlyatinyboneenviedthepuppy(for)itsbigbone；thepuppybecametheenvyofthedog.只有一小塊骨頭的狗羨慕小狗有大骨頭，小狗成了它羨慕的對(duì)象。leave...alone不管；別惹；讓……一個(gè)人待著；和……單獨(dú)在一起(教材P12)Sheshouted“Leavemealone”andrantoherbed.她喊到“讓我獨(dú)自待一會(huì)兒！”然后向床跑去。leavebehind 遺留；把……拋在后面；超過leaveaside 擱置一邊；不予考慮leavefor 動(dòng)身到……leaveout 省略；遺漏leaveoff 停止；中斷①Nowonderyoucouldn'tgetthrough.You'veleftoutazerointhisphonenumber.難怪你打不通。你在這個(gè)號(hào)碼中漏掉了一個(gè)零。②Let'sstartagainfromwhereweleftoff．讓我們從中斷處重新開始。③IthinkIleftmycreditcardbehindattherestaurant.我想我把信用卡落在餐館里了。[名師點(diǎn)津]leavealone同letalone。但letalone還有“更不用說”之意。(教材P11)Itwasdisturbingandfrighteningthathelookedsohuman.機(jī)器人看起來如此像人，這使她覺得心煩和害怕?！疽c(diǎn)提煉】句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是thathelookedsohuman。it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的從句的常見形式有：(1)Itbe＋形容詞(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important...)＋that從句。(2)Itbe＋名詞短語(yǔ)(apity，afact，awonder，ashame，anhonour，nowonder...)＋that從句。(3)Itbe＋過去分詞(said，thought，hoped，believed，declared，supposed，reported...)＋that從句。(4)It＋不及物動(dòng)詞(seem，occur，happen...)＋that從句。①Itisobviousthatnobodywouldliketohavedinnerinsuchadirtyplace.很明顯，沒有人想在這么臟的地方吃飯。②It'sashamethatwefailedtofulfillthetaskaheadoftime.我們沒能提前完成任務(wù)，真感到慚愧。③Itisbelieved(believe)thatitistheearliestandlargestancientpaper-makingworkshopsiteeverfoundinChina.人們認(rèn)為這是迄今為止在中國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早的也是最大的造紙作坊。④ItoccurredtomethatIhadleftmyticketathome.我突然想起把票忘在家里了。(教材P11)Assheturnedaround，therestoodGladysClaffern．她剛轉(zhuǎn)身，就看到格拉迪絲·克拉芬站在那兒?！疽c(diǎn)提煉】本句中therestoodGladysClaffern是完全倒裝句，是therebe句型的變式運(yùn)用。therebe句型中的be可以用表示“存在”的動(dòng)詞，如live，exist，lie，stand，seem，rise，remain，happen，e，go等替代。句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：there＋存在類動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)。①Therelivedayoungmanwhodesiredtoberichovernight.曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)年輕人，他夢(mèng)想一夜暴富。②Therestands(stand)anoldpinetreeinfrontofourclassroom.我們教室前有一棵老松樹。③Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwithit.此事似乎出了問題。(教材P12)ButeventhoughTonyhadbeensoclever，hewouldhavetoberebuilt—youcannothavewomenfallinginlovewithmachines.但是，盡管托尼很聰明，他還得作一番改造——總不能讓女人與機(jī)器相愛吧。【要點(diǎn)提煉】此處havesb.doing表示“允許或容忍某人做某事”，多用于否定句中，特別是用在cannot，willnot等之后。havesb./sth.doing 讓……持續(xù)做某事或處于某狀態(tài)have/getsth.done 做完某事havesb.dosth. 讓某人做某事havesth.todo 有事情要做①Ican'thavemybrothersittingarounddoingnothingallday.我不會(huì)容忍我的弟弟整天閑坐著無所事事。②Hehadhislegbroken(break)whileplayingbasketball.他打籃球時(shí)傷了腿。③Youcanhaveyourassistantring(ring)meup.你可以讓你的助手給我打。④Ihavealotofthingstodo(do)，soIcan'tgotoseeafilmwithyoutonight.我有許多事情要做，因此今晚不能與你一起去看電影。1．(教材P11)Clairedidn'twanttherobotinherhouse，especiallyasherhusbandwouldbeabsentforthreeweeks，butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.【分析】句中but連接表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句；第一個(gè)分句中as引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；在第二個(gè)分句中that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句?！痉g】克萊爾不想把機(jī)器人留在家里，特別是她丈夫?qū)㈦x家三周，但是拉里說服她說，機(jī)器人不會(huì)傷害她，也不會(huì)允許她受到傷害。2．(教材P11)OnthesecondmorningTony，wearinganapron，broughtherbreakfastandthenaskedherwhethersheneededhelpdressing.【分析】句中現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)wearinganapron作伴隨狀語(yǔ)；whether引導(dǎo)的從句作動(dòng)詞ask的賓語(yǔ)。【翻譯】第二天早晨，托尼系著圍裙，給她端來了早餐，然后問她是否需要幫忙穿衣打扮。3．(教材P11－12)Shecriedout“Tony”andthenheardhimdeclarethathedidn'twanttoleaveherthenextdayandthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.【分析】句中heardhimdeclare...是“hear＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)；動(dòng)詞declare后接了兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略。【翻譯】她大叫一聲“托尼”，然后聽到托尼一本正經(jīng)地說，第二天他不想離開她，而且他并不滿足于僅僅只是使她開心。4．(教材P12)Hehadopenedthecurtainsthatnightsothattheotherwomenwould