2023年高考英語真題（解析版）

2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考全國I卷）

英語學(xué)科

本試卷共12頁?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生

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2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫，字體工

整、筆跡清楚。

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5.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。

第一部分聽力（1-20小題）在筆試結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemost

economical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.

YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.With

over2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailable

foryou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake（殺U車）,bikeswithhand

brakeandgears（排擋），bikeswithchildseats,andchildren'sbikes.

Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears

1hour€7.50€5.00

3hours€11.00€7.50

1day(24hours)€14.75€9.75

Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryand

muchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.Youcanbuy

yourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itofoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.

2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?

A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

【答案】IB2.C3.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在阿姆斯特丹進(jìn)行自行車租賃和雇傭?qū)в蔚牟僮鞣绞?，價(jià)格等

細(xì)節(jié)。

【1題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfoot

brake（剎車），bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排擋），bikeswithchildseats,andchildren'sbikes.（我們提供種類

繁多的最新自行車，包括有腳剎的基本自行車、有手剎和帶排擋的自行車、帶兒童座椅的自行車和兒童自

行車）”可推知，MacBike的優(yōu)勢是它提供許多類型的自行車。故選B。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)定價(jià)表可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元，額外增加天數(shù)每天8

歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選C。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一■段"ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pm

everyday.（旅游團(tuán)每小時(shí)從大壩廣場出發(fā)，每天下午1點(diǎn)開始）”可知，導(dǎo)游城市之旅從大壩廣場開始。故

選D。

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolved

problems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemesses

peopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria移田菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastetheway

naturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First,he

constructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsand

streamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,these

differentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthe

sludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbeganto

eatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage

（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,a

cityinsoutheastChina.

“Ecologicaldesign^^isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.tcLifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfor

theinventor,hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhafshappening.Thenyouletthese

newsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.^^

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

6.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.

7.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

【答案】4.C5,D6.B7.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個(gè)生態(tài)機(jī)器，利用

自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來凈化污水。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,

observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthrough

plantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscould

beusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking4當(dāng)約翰?托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的

樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往變

得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個(gè)過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂）”以及第二段“Afterstudying

agriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycan

certainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?（在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了

農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？

哪些魚類會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？）”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（幾個(gè)星期后，約翰把污泥加了進(jìn)去）”

以及倒數(shù)第三段"Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeas

foodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.（他對(duì)結(jié)果感至lj

驚訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開始吃起來！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水）”

可知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子里為了測試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題o根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-

likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machineto

cleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（這些年來，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個(gè)類

似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來清潔中國東南部

城市福州的運(yùn)河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhafshappening.Thenyou

letthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.（你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然

后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式）”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。

C

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasks

andwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideifsrightforyou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigital

minimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasingly

intolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldecluttenThis

processrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,you

willthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefits

tothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I'll

drawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'Uhear

theseparticipants9storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyou

shouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培養(yǎng)）asustainable

digitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude（獨(dú)處）andthe

necessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapter

concludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcan

viewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticular

circumstances.

8.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter“inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)字極簡主義生活方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，倡導(dǎo)簡單的數(shù)字生活方式。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includinga

detailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyou

decidersrightforyou.（這本書的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)字極簡主義辯護(hù)，包括詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后

如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學(xué)）”可知，這本書的目的是倡導(dǎo)簡單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選

B?

【9題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文"Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirty

days.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthat

youbelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.（這個(gè)過程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活

動(dòng)。在30天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你再加上一些你認(rèn)為會(huì)給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活

動(dòng)）”可推知，畫線詞“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對(duì)在線活動(dòng)進(jìn)行清理和挑選。故選A。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。通過文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I,llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourown

digitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperform

adigitaldeclutter.（在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導(dǎo)您進(jìn)行自己的數(shù)字清理。在這樣做的過程中，我將

借鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，1600多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理）”可推知，第一部分的最后

一章介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)字清理的實(shí)際例子。故選C。

[11題詳解】

推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuilda

minimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.（你可以將這些實(shí)踐視為一個(gè)工具箱，旨在幫

助你建立一種適合自己特定情況的極簡主義生活方式）”可推知，作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要與實(shí)際情況使用第

二部分中提及的實(shí)踐。故選A。

D

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometo

beknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds^^effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,

theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Some

peoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,

theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesame

errors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,the

accuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（轉(zhuǎn)折）onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekey

findingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohavea

discussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependent

individuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantly

moreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroup

membersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Did

theyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominant

response.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.^^Somehow,these

argumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitations

andmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.

12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment,

13.Navajas5studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。沒有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在某些情況下大量

獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均值可能是相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的。

【12題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren't

alwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrors

areaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtend

tomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowds

requiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedor

dependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.（這種效應(yīng)利用了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即當(dāng)人們犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，這些

錯(cuò)誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會(huì)高估，或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時(shí)，它們

會(huì)相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，那么他們的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)相互抵消。

從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯(cuò)誤變得相關(guān)或依

賴，估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性就會(huì)下降。）”可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯(cuò)誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在

一起，相互抵消就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)，討論了獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均如何由于誤差的消除而導(dǎo)致更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測。

因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbe

independent.（從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。）”和第三段的uThekeyfinding

ofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,

theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.For

instance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccurate

thantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一步劃分為允

許進(jìn)行討論的小組時(shí)，這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨(dú)立個(gè)體的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。例如，從四個(gè)五人討論組

的估計(jì)中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個(gè)獨(dú)立個(gè)體獲得的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。）”可知，人們?cè)跊]有獨(dú)立的情況下，

分成更小群體，平均值是更準(zhǔn)確的，說明即使在估計(jì)數(shù)字并非完全獨(dú)立的情況下，準(zhǔn)確率提高也是可以做到

的。故選D。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題o根據(jù)第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabetter

senseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabout

theirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?（在一項(xiàng)針對(duì)100名大學(xué)生的后續(xù)研究

中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中的實(shí)際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對(duì)自己的估計(jì)最有

信心的人？他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎？）”可知，在后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小

組成員在討論中實(shí)際做了什么。結(jié)合兩個(gè)問題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的重點(diǎn)是小組內(nèi)的討論過程。故選C。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容"AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,

thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.（盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局

限性，仍存在許多問題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的。）”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的

研究有局限性也存在許多問題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究表

示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

PersonalForgiveness

Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon'tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr（犯錯(cuò)）is

human.16Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.

Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading"'Personalstrengths.^^17Areyoucaring?Creative?

Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon'thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonality

thatyou'reproudof.

Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.^^Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou've

doneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithout

beingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.18

Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist19Thatway,youcouldexchange

thoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don'twait

untilyou'vemadeamistaketotrythis——ifsagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.

Ifssomethingofacliche（陳詞濫調(diào)）thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.The

thingis,it'strue.20We'reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelop

andgrow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.

B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.

C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.

D.Ifsjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.

E.Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoignorewhafshappenedorforgetit.

F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.

G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.

【答案】16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章鼓勵(lì)人們練習(xí)自我寬恕，并提供了一個(gè)簡單的寫作練習(xí)來增強(qiáng)自信。通過

列出個(gè)人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和善良的行為，人們可以學(xué)會(huì)原諒自己的錯(cuò)誤，并從中成長。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon'tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr

（犯錯(cuò)）ishuman.（為錯(cuò)誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任是積極的一步，但不要因此而自責(zé)。人孰能無過。）”可知，作者認(rèn)為人都

會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任固然重要，但是也不要因此而過于自責(zé)。結(jié)合空后"Youcanusethefollowingwriting

exercisetohelpyoudothis.（你可以使用下面的寫作練習(xí)來幫助你做到這一點(diǎn)。）”中的“dothis”以及下文內(nèi)

容可推斷，空處應(yīng)該內(nèi)容和“不要太自責(zé)”相似。選項(xiàng)Djustasimportanttoshowyourselfsome

forgiveness.（寬恕自己也同樣重要。）”與“不要太自責(zé)”語意相近，起承上啟下的作用。故選D。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容uInajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading"Personalstrengths."（在日記或紙上寫上“個(gè)

人優(yōu)點(diǎn)"。）”以及空后內(nèi)容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon't

havetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou'reproudof.（你有愛心嗎?有創(chuàng)造力嗎?你慷

慨嗎？是一個(gè)好的傾聽者？與人相處很有趣嗎？它們不一定要改變世界，只要你個(gè)性中讓你感到自豪的方

面就行。）”可知，空處指的是列出一些你個(gè)性中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)BuNowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeabout

yourself］現(xiàn)在列出所有你喜歡的自己身上的特點(diǎn)。）”符合上下文內(nèi)容，下文內(nèi)容具體解釋那些是優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故

選B。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.^^Onthisone,listallthepositive

thingsyou'vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidthe

ironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.（在第二頁的頂部,寫

上“善舉”的標(biāo)題。在這張單子上，列出你為別人做過的所有積極的事情。它可能是當(dāng)你幫助朋友做作業(yè)的

時(shí)候，當(dāng)你沒有被要求卻主動(dòng)熨衣服的時(shí)候，或者當(dāng)你在家人累了一天之后烤餅干的時(shí)候。）”可知，本段

主要講述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。選項(xiàng)F“Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeit

down.（不管是什么，不管它看起來有多小，都要把它寫下來。）”與上文內(nèi)容一致，講述的是不管你所做的事

情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都記下來。故選F。

【19題