采購管理-供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育

采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育2024/3/13采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育演講大綱

何謂供應(yīng)鏈管理供應(yīng)鏈管理與消費(fèi)者汰舊換新、多樣化、客製化便捷、新鮮、安全供應(yīng)鏈管理與企業(yè)行銷經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、缺貨、長(zhǎng)鞭效益供應(yīng)鏈管理與物流企業(yè)整合服務(wù)供應(yīng)鏈管理安全與環(huán)境供應(yīng)鏈管理教育教學(xué)目標(biāo)與課程采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)國(guó)富論(TheWealthofNations)蘇格蘭經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、亞當(dāng)史密斯的一本經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專著致力於滿足市場(chǎng)廣大的需要提倡分工論金字塔型的分工連續(xù)性的大量生產(chǎn)，達(dá)到規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育當(dāng)今社會(huì)消費(fèi)者企業(yè)品質(zhì)是產(chǎn)品條件品質(zhì)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力差異化大量客製化汰舊換新不斷快速推出新產(chǎn)品國(guó)際化產(chǎn)品全球性的廣告與通路最低價(jià)格最有經(jīng)濟(jì)效率長(zhǎng)期保固零件長(zhǎng)期快速供應(yīng)便捷性實(shí)體廣大的佈點(diǎn)或資訊便捷性新鮮產(chǎn)品保持新鮮的產(chǎn)銷安全產(chǎn)品安全監(jiān)控采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育全球環(huán)境已開發(fā)國(guó)家生產(chǎn)過剩外銷給開發(fā)中或未開發(fā)國(guó)家。供應(yīng)鏈核心產(chǎn)品與周邊活動(dòng)委外之結(jié)合為獲利策略。洲際內(nèi)經(jīng)貿(mào)增加經(jīng)貿(mào)協(xié)定以提昇與保護(hù)經(jīng)貿(mào)活動(dòng)。資訊科技的進(jìn)步增進(jìn)全球性相同的消費(fèi)型態(tài)。全球金融與運(yùn)輸解除管制簡(jiǎn)易貨幣流通，提昇運(yùn)輸效率降低運(yùn)輸成本。資料來源：BowersoxandCloss(1996)采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育物流管理物流(logistics)是透過資訊科技，對(duì)物料由最始原料一直到配送成品至最終消費(fèi)者整體過程中所牽涉的原料、半成品、成品的流通與儲(chǔ)存，以最有效益的計(jì)畫、執(zhí)行與控制，來滿足並符合消費(fèi)者的需求。LogisticsManagementisthatpartoftheSupplyChainManagementthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomers'requirements.----USCouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals(USCouncilofLogisticsManagement,美國(guó)物流學(xué)會(huì))采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈管理SupplyChainManagementencompassestheplanningandmanagementofallactivitiesinvolvedinsourcingandprocurement,conversion,andallLogisticsManagementactivities.Importantly,italsoincludescoordinationandcollaborationwithchannelpartners,whichcanbesuppliers,intermediaries,third-partyserviceproviders,andcustomers.Inessence,SupplyChainManagementintegratessupplyanddemandmanagementwithinandacrosscompanies.----USCouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈管理內(nèi)涵采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與新產(chǎn)品快速推出采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與新產(chǎn)品快速推出采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與新產(chǎn)品快速推出TraditionalphasepriceStressphaseAcceptanceofshort-noticerequirementsResolvedphaseJITprinciplesPartnershipphaseLong-termperspective,exchangeoperatingandfinancialinformation,sharerisksandjointinvestmentinfacilities----ScharyandSkjott-Larsen1995采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與新產(chǎn)品快速推出ClusterproductionSetupproductionunitsclosetothecustomer’sassemblyplantAfirst-tiersuppliertoanassemblerinonecountrymustbeabletosupplytheassemblerinotherpartsoftheworldInvolvedindevelopmentofnewmodelsintheearlieststageExpectedtobeatechnologyleader,developingnewtechnologiesindependently----ScharyandSkjott-Larsen1995采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與客製化FedExCaseStudyCustomerInternetFedExNetOrderManagementSystemCallCenterSupplierComponentASupplierComponentBComponentCFedExEDC/AllianceManufacturingFacilityBuildorconfigureOrdersExpressDeliveryofFinishedProductWebOrdersPhoneOrdersOrderConfirmationAdvancedShippingNoticeBuild/Configure-to-Order采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育製程延遲策略冒險(xiǎn)策略(Speculation,anticipatory-based)由預(yù)測(cè)來決定生產(chǎn)種類和數(shù)量，與延滯策略相反。由生產(chǎn)的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)，減少行銷、存貨出清，以及生產(chǎn)的不確定性，降低成本。延遲策略(Postponement,response-based)目的：Masscustomization,deliverrapidlyandreducecost產(chǎn)品製程的延遲(manufacturing)不必要製程成品，保持原料型態(tài)，維持改變彈性與避免成品過時(shí)。亦稱為拉式生產(chǎn)。產(chǎn)品物流的延遲(logistics)不必要在下游，倉儲(chǔ)於上游供應(yīng)鍊結(jié)構(gòu)，避免成品需求變動(dòng)再移轉(zhuǎn)成本。采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育製程延遲策略IncludesproductredesignandprocessredesignProductredesignStandardizeacrossallmarketsProcessredesignIncludesre-sequencingthesub-processesDye,cutandsew,vscut,sewanddye采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育製程延遲策略ThreedesignprinciplesDesignsoitconsistsofindependentmodulesthatcanbeassembledintodifferentformsoftheproducteasilyandinexpensivelyManufacturingprocessesconsistofcanbemovedorrearrangedeasilyfordifferentdistribution-networkdesignSupplynetworkshouldsupplythebasicproducttothefacilitiesinacosteffectivebeflexibleandresponsivetotakeanddelivercustomers’orders采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育HP個(gè)案LaserJetprinterForEuropeandNorthAmericamarketsDifferentiateproductwithbuilt-indedicatedpowersupplyof110and220voltsassoonasproductionbeganinJapanStandardizepowersupplyforentireproductfamilyHighermaterialcost,butlowertotalcostsofmanufacturing,stockinganddeliveryby5%采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育HP個(gè)案DeskJetprinterBuiltinSingaporeanddistributedinStuttgart,GermanyforEuropemarketCountry-specificexternalpowersupplythatplugsinwhensettinguptheprinterDifferentiationwasperformedinStuttgartHighermanufacturingforfactoriestocustomizetheprinters,butlowertotalcostsofmanufacturing,shippingandinventorydroppedby5%采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與便捷性電子商務(wù)與宅配大榮個(gè)案采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與新鮮臺(tái)灣地區(qū)冷凍冷藏產(chǎn)業(yè)每年約有300億元的冷凍冷藏產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模低溫物流保持新鮮食品及冷凍食品品質(zhì)從生產(chǎn)到消費(fèi)過程均處於低溫狀態(tài)「低溫控制技術(shù)」加工製造，低溫監(jiān)控下儲(chǔ)存，運(yùn)輸配送和銷售仰賴合乎放置低溫食品低溫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)冷凍冷藏設(shè)備運(yùn)送過程保持適當(dāng)溫度，確保食品安全及品質(zhì)采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與新鮮采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與新鮮食品分類保存溫度相關(guān)產(chǎn)品簡(jiǎn)分鮮食品18oC三明治、便當(dāng)、飯糰、涼麵鮮食冷藏食品0~+7oC生鮮蔬菜、果汁、乳飲料。日常食品(豆腐)、加工肉品(香腸)、鮮花等冷藏冰溫食品-2~+2oC畜肉品(牛豬羊肉)、禽肉品(雞鴨肉)、水產(chǎn)品(魚貝)、刨冰等冷凍食品冰品-18oC以下冷凍疏果、冷凍肉類、冷凍調(diào)理食品(水餃、包子)、冰淇淋等冷凍超低溫食品-30oC以下生魚片采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與新鮮類型商品類別溫度應(yīng)用案例儲(chǔ)存物品冷藏型物流中心冷藏品0~+7oC綜合食品業(yè)低溫流通業(yè)肉食品加工牛乳、果汁、日常食品(豆腐、乳製品)、加工肉品(香腸、火腿)、保存生鮮蔬果、沙拉、甜點(diǎn)…等冷凍型物流中心冷凍品及冰品-18oC以下綜合食品業(yè)低溫流通業(yè)肉食品加工冰品、冷凍調(diào)理食品(水餃、包子、比薩、調(diào)理飯(麵))、熱狗、關(guān)東煮…等鮮食型物流中心鮮食品恆溫18oC綜合食品業(yè)CVS便利店便當(dāng)、涼麵、飯團(tuán)…等采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與安全PfizerInc.MakerofprescriptiondrugsasLipitorandZoloftStrategiesItshipseverypackage,caseandpalletofitsViagrawithRFIDtagstocounterfeititsproductSinceJan2006.Procurementpurchasesrawmaterials,drugsubstances,andthehiringoffreighttransportation.Distribution/logisticscoordinatesthemovementofproductsbetweenglobalsitesSupplychainplanningworkscloselywiththesales/marketingLong-rangeplanningusesmathematicaloptimizationtechnologytocreatethebestO-DroutesOrderentrysystemsinterfacewithafulfillmentmanagementsystemtomonitorflowandinventorywith50globalmanufacturingsites/DCswithareplenishmentmodel采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與行銷KoreanHyundaiStatusHyundaistartedofferinga10-yearwarrantyonitscarsinUSGoalDistributionnetworksetuptogetthepartsdeliveredquicklytokeepcustomersandasefficientlytokeepthedealershappy.StrategiesThededicatedcarrierarepricedonaper-shipmentdeliveredcostandovernightdeliveriestodealerships.InformationvisibilityImportsfromKoreausinga3PLtotrackallinboundshipmentsMilestoneischeckedandupdated,shipmentstotheports,vesselsailandarrivaldates,intoandreleasebycustoms,originanddestinationrailhead,deliverytoDCandputaway.Hyundaihasbeenabletoreduceinventorybytwoweeks采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與缺貨

ProcterandGambleStatusOut-of-stockratearound10%.GoalAddressingproductavailability,shelfquality,andon-timedelivery.toreduceinventoryby50%,trimout-of-stocksby50%andachieve20%savingsinlogisticscosts.StrategiesConsumer-drivensupplynetworkofsuppliers,manufacturersandretailersthatfacilitatesreal-timeinformation.Replenishingproductsassoonasthey’repurchasedreceivedbypoint-of-saledataCollaboratescloselywithretailpartnersonin-storepromotionsandevents.20%ofproductcategories(withmorethan10%out-of-stocks)weredroppedtobelow5%ofproducts.Saves$25million/yearbyeliminatingunnecessarytranscriptionworkandout-of-stocks采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與長(zhǎng)鞭效應(yīng)長(zhǎng)鞭效應(yīng)(bullwhiporwhiplash)產(chǎn)品需求預(yù)測(cè)，來自於零售商對(duì)顧客需求的預(yù)測(cè)，進(jìn)而向製造商下訂單，而製造商向供應(yīng)商下訂單也是依照零售商的預(yù)測(cè)。如果最底層的顧客需求發(fā)生變動(dòng)，則層層牽動(dòng)，影響會(huì)愈來愈加大

采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與長(zhǎng)鞭效應(yīng)CausesRemedialstrategiesForecastdemandupdating依預(yù)測(cè)採(cǎi)購1.Accesstomarketdemandinformation(useofpointofsale(POS)data)2.Informationsharingacrosssupplychainlinks(useofEDI)3.Vendormanagedinventory(VMI)4.LeadtimereductionandJITsupplyOrderbatching經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模訂貨與運(yùn)輸1.Reductionofprocessingcosts(ComputerAssistedOrdering(CAO))2.Newwaysofachievingeconomiesofscaleintransportation/distribution(3rd-party)采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與長(zhǎng)鞭效應(yīng)Pricefluctuation促銷折扣1.Reducefrequencyandmagnitudeofspecialtradedealsandconsumerpromotions(EverydayLowPrice-EDLP)2.ContinuousReplenishmentPrograms(CRP)Rationingandshortagegaming訂貨按銷售比例分配1.Betterproductallocationpoliciesinshortsupplyperiods(allocationbasedonpastsales)2.Penaltiesonordercancellations采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育VendorManagedInventoryVendorManagedInventory(VMI)CoordinatedmanagementoffinishedgoodsinventoriesGoodsinventoriesoutboundfrommanufacturer,distributororresellertoaretailerorothermerchandiserReplenishingfinishedgoodsonareorderpointbasis,Productsongrocerystoreshelves:Frito-Lay&othersnackfood,candyorbeveragevendorsVMIvendorsmissionGeneratepurchaseordersonas-neededbasisReplenishingsuppliesbasedonanestablishedinventoryplanEnsuringhighin-stockperformancewithminimalinventory采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育VendorManagedInventory采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育VMI-CaseStudyVendorImporter&marketerofhygieneproductsCustomerCapitanoftheretailchains:ThewholesalerMainoperationalproblemsinthechainVendorLongleadtimeinsourcingfrominternationalproducersHighvariabilityofordervolumeWholesalerHighstocksPeriodicallypoorserviceforthevendor’sproducts采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育VMI-CaseStudyReasonsandresultsPartlyresultfromdemanddistortion

SupplychainisnotsynchronizedtoconsumerdemandWholesalerfeelsbufferneedstokeepservicelevelBenefitsofimplementingVMIClosercooperation&increaseddeliveryfrequencyReducedstockcoveratthewholesalerTotalstockcoverdownfrom10to6daysServicelevelremainstable采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育全球運(yùn)籌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理SourceEnvironment、Supply、Demand、Process、Control經(jīng)營(yíng)策略Source:Juttner,Uta(2005),‘Supplychainriskmanagement,’I.J.ofLogisticsManagement,16(1):120-141.

采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育全球運(yùn)籌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理–實(shí)際運(yùn)作Source:Juttner,Uta(2005),‘Supplychainriskmanagement,’I.J.ofLogisticsManagement,16(1):120-141.

采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育全球運(yùn)籌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理–規(guī)劃Source:Juttner,Uta(2005),‘Supplychainriskmanagement,’I.J.ofLogisticsManagement,16(1):120-141.

采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育GlobalLogisticsSecurityEachtradetransactioncaninvolveupto25differentparties.Atypicalcross-bordertransactionmightinvolvefiling35documents,communicatingwith25partiesandcomplyingwithmorethan600lawsand500tradeagreements(Cassidy,2003).采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育SecurityInitiativesSource:SheuandLee(2006),‘Avoluntarylogisticssecurityprogram,’SupplyChainManagement,11(4):363-374.

采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育MemorandumofUnderstandingCustomsSecurityProfileWithin60daysReviews&makescertificationdecisionsWithin60daysOncecertified,companybecomesaC-TPATParticipant.ForC-TPATvalidation30daynoticeisgivenNecessarydocumentmustbesubmittedWithin30daysPartnershipValidationTeamCustomsCustomsCustomsCertificationValidationWithin3yearsofcertification~10days14采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育TheImpactsTheC-TPATcertificationresemblestheISO9000certificationprogram.Bothprogramsareagenericsecurityorqualityassurancesysteminsteadofasecurityorqualityperformancestandard.C-TPATrequiresthattheUScompaniesdevelopamoredetailedunderstandingofforeignsupplierstomonitortheirshipments.Thepracticeofsourcingfromforeignsuppliers,whileeconomicallysound,nowchallengescompaniestocollaboratewithsupplierstoimprovesecurity.采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈管理與環(huán)境Sheu,J.B.,Chou,Y.H.andHu,C.C.(2005)臺(tái)灣筆記型電腦采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈管理與環(huán)境汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)伍中流，民國(guó)91年目前處理廠家數(shù)已足夠廢車拆解後，經(jīng)由破碎廠處理再進(jìn)入煉鋼廠，有助於降低整體營(yíng)運(yùn)成本采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育供應(yīng)鏈與環(huán)境由消費(fèi)者、產(chǎn)業(yè)到都市、社會(huì)采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育第三方專業(yè)物流公司 “Arelationshipbetweenashipperandthirdpartywhich,hasmorecustomizedofferings,encompassesabroadernumberofservicefunctionsandischaracterizedbyalonger-term,moremutuallybeneficialrelationship.”--AfrickandCalkins,1994--P.MurphyandR.Point,2000采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育專業(yè)物流業(yè)服務(wù)內(nèi)容采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育專業(yè)物流業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)standardizationhomogenizationtailoringadaptationmulti-domesticGlobalStrategyGlobal/Glolocal併購或聯(lián)盟投資聯(lián)盟、合作、建立全球網(wǎng)路強(qiáng)調(diào)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)品客製化采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育LogisticsResponsibilities(2008)Activity%oftime%managedgloballyForecasting7.353.5Procurement1061.4Manufacturinglogistics7.841.9Customerservice8.837.2Transportation20.154.7Warehousing13.732.6Global8.867.6Inventorymanagement9.847.6Generalmanagement13.749.4LaLondeandGinter(2008),Careerpatternsinlogistics采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育FactorswillinfluenceSCdevelopmentWeighted1st,2ndand3rdchoiceswith3,2,and1pointsLaLondeandGinter(2008),CareerpatternsinlogisticsFactorsWeightedaverageGlobalsupplychains1.45Energyavailabilityandcost1.29Supplychainintegration/informationleverage0.84Roleinfirm’sfinancialperformance0.81Informationtechnology0.73Managingtransportationcosts0.71采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育Curriculumfor90daycourseFactorsWeightedaverageStrategicmanagementandplanning/forecasting1.15Globallogistics1.07Financialmanagement/accounting1.02Leanlogistics0.95Supplychainmanagement0.74ITapplications/integration0.63Weighted1st,2ndand3rdchoiceswith3,2,and1pointsLaLondeandGinter(2008),Careerpatternsinlogistics采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育USLogisticsProgramRanking1MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(Sloan)Cambridge,MA

2MichiganStateUniversity(Broad)EastLansing,MI3ArizonaStateUniversity(Carey)Tempe,AZ4CarnegieMellonUniversity(Tepper)Pittsburgh,PA5PennsylvaniaStateUniversity--UniversityPark(Smeal)UniversityPark,PA6UniversityofPennsylvania(Wharton)Philadelphia,PA7OhioStateUniversity(Fisher)Columbus,OH8PurdueUniversity--WestLafayette(Krannert)WestLafayette,IN9StanfordUniversityStanford,CA10UniversityofTennessee--KnoxvilleKnoxville,TN采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育LearningGoalsMichiganStateUniversityTobuildtheirfunctional,entrepreneurial,analytical,learning,andpersuasivecapabilitiestomaximizetheirflexibilityandimpactinadynamicallychangingglobalcompetitiveenvironment.

ArizonaStateUniversityTheintegrationofchains,e-businessandglobalizationpermeateeachcourse.Thisprogramtrainsmanagerswhoarestrategicthinkers,excellentanalysts,effectivecommunicators/teamleaders,computercompetent,andwhoarefocusedoncostsavings,increasingrevenue,andincreasingshareholdervalue.采購管理--供應(yīng)鏈管理現(xiàn)況趨勢(shì)與教育LearningGoalsPennsylvaniaStateUniversityToaccommodateorganizationalandsupplychaingoalsforprofitability,assetutilization,customerservice,andsystemsflexibility.Focuson:Evaluatingkeyenablersofsupplychainnetworkintegration,synchronization,andcollaborationtoachieveprocessinnovationandeffectiveness.Leveraginge-basedprocessesandtechnologiesforimprovingsupplychainperformance.Evaluat