一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去時(shí)語法填空及微寫作訓(xùn)練學(xué)案-高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

動(dòng)詞（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)）這兩種時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)在短文語法填空中運(yùn)用“七法”特別注意：有時(shí)做題時(shí)我們對于時(shí)態(tài)問題比較關(guān)注，但往往忽略了語態(tài)，因此我們可以采用“先語態(tài)、后時(shí)態(tài)”的方式。eq\a\vs4\al(方法)1eq\a\vs4\al(通過“時(shí)態(tài)定義”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題)。準(zhǔn)確理解常考時(shí)態(tài)的定義是做題的根本。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性、真理性(即客觀事實(shí))的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。1．TotallydisconnectedfromtheInternet,therobot______(expect)tosolveallproblemswithitsownAIprogram.2(2014年遼寧卷)TaiChi_______(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish..3.（2015全國Ⅰ）Yangshuo_________(be)reallybeautiful.4.(2016年四川卷)Thegiantpanda_______（love）bypeoplethroughouttheworld.5.（2017全國Ⅰ）Whenfatandsalt_______(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.6.（2017全國Ⅰ）Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt.7．(2017·成都市模擬)Ithinkthatourchoices_______(influence)byourparents.eq\a\vs4\al(方法)2eq\a\vs4\al(通過“標(biāo)志性狀語”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題)在題干中，today,atpresent,often,everyday，always,lastmonth,yesterday,twohoursago,justnow,then.originally等都是動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)常用的標(biāo)志性狀語，做題時(shí)可以通過尋找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞來判定時(shí)態(tài)。1.(2017·濰坊市模擬)LastFridayastorm__61__(sweep)throughtwovillagesintheNewTerritories,destroyingfourteenhomes.2.(2017·威海市模擬)Nowonderitbecame(bee)thefastAsiancitynamedasaCityofGastronomy(美食)byUNESCOin2010.3．(2017·銀川九中模擬)Itarose(arise)inthelate18thcenturyandbecamefullydevelopedandrecognizedbythemid-19thcentury.4．(2017·漳州市聯(lián)考)Astudylastyearshowed(show)thatabout8milliontonsofplasticenterstheoceanseveryyear.5.（2020年全國一卷）TheunmannedChang’e4probe(探測器)thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess_________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPoleAitkenbasin.6.（2016全國卷Ⅱ）Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow___(be)oftenacceptable.7.(2017·大慶實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)Developmentoften______(give)ustheexcusetodestroytheenvironment.8.Ononeoccasion,he________(trap)byasnowstorminavastmountainousarea.9.（2017全國Ⅲ）Sarahsays,"MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school___________(e)first.Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling”.10.(2019年全國卷III)Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay，we______（invite）toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarm.11.(2021新高考全國卷1)Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit______(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.12.(2021全國甲卷)It______(build)originallytoprotectthecity________theTangdynastyeq\a\vs4\al(方法)3用復(fù)合句（主從句）中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)解決時(shí)態(tài)問題。1.(2017·湖北省八校聯(lián)考)Onmypreviousvisitsmytravelwas_limited(limit)tothethreemajorcitiesofBeijing,ShanghaiandChongqing.2.(2020全國II)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers________(carry)specialsignificance.3.(2015.全國Ⅰ卷）ItwasraininglightlywhenI____________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.4.(2017·汕頭市模擬)ThehallwasdarkwhenIcamein;theshow______(be)abouttobegin.5.(2011年廣東卷)He________(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.6.（2015全國Ⅰ）ItwasraininglightlywhenI________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.7.（2017全國Ⅱ）Later,engineers_______(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道）,whichbecameknowntothetube.8.(2018年浙江卷)I________(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.9.(2019全國卷II)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene________（declare）shehadnoplans_____（retire）fromher36yearoldbusiness.eq\a\vs4\al(方法)4eq\a\vs4\al(通過“常用句式”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題)掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的快速且行之有效的方式，因此要熟記一些常用句式。1.（2016全國卷Ⅱ）butwhateveritis,_______(make)sureit'sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.2．(2017·襄陽市模擬)It_______(hope)thatthefestivalwillpromoteitscultural“softpower”abroad.3．(2017·福州市質(zhì)檢)Soit_________(believe)thatpractisingT’aiChicaninsomewayhelpusstand,moveandrunbetter.4.Itishightimethatyou_____________________(do)yourhomework.eq\a\vs4\al(方法)5從并列連詞前后看時(shí)態(tài)。并列連詞and,or,notonly…butalso,but,so等是語法填空中很重要的標(biāo)志詞，這些詞前后的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是一致的。1.（2020全國III）Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand________(point)downtheriver.2.(2017·延安市模擬)Ifinallywenttoasktheladyatstudentservicesand__63__(tell)thathernamewasKathy.3.(2017.浙江卷）Pahlssonandherhusband_______________(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.4.(2015年廣東卷)Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she6(fall)overthehillanddied5.（2016全國卷Ⅲ）Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand__________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.6.(2019年全國卷III)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand________（remend）wonderfulplacestoeat，shop，andvisit.7.(2021浙江卷)AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand________（sell）mostoftheirfurniture..方法6：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后和特殊動(dòng)詞特殊對待有些動(dòng)詞(短語)的用法特殊，例如belongto不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)；datebackto/datefrom常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等。對此熟練掌握是準(zhǔn)確解題的前提。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)詞原形等。1.(2017·泰安市模擬)Thefestival__64__(date)backtotheHanDynasty(206BC－AD220)．2.(2017·鐵嶺市聯(lián)考)Itisabouttakingactiontoshowtheworldthattherighttoreadandwrite__64__(belong)toallpeople.3.（2016全國卷Ⅲ）Trulyelegantchopsticksmight__________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.方法7：從語篇和上下文整體把握時(shí)態(tài)1.(2013年廣東卷)Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly,he______(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.2.（2014全國卷Ⅰ）In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It_______（be）unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.3.（2014全國Ⅱ）Aboyonabike_______(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.4.（2014全國Ⅱ）Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“______anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”5.(2014年廣東卷)themanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We______(tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek,6.（2015全國卷Ⅱ）Thiscycle___________(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.7.（2016全國Ⅰ）SoitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenotforprofitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I_____________（allow）togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600acrecentre.8.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal_________(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:“I'mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!9.(2019年全國卷I)threearedeclining,six_____(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.10.(.2020年新高考山東卷)itwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,______(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2017·邯鄲市模擬)LastMonday,weholdamonitorelectionduringourclassmeeting.3．(2017·淮北市模擬)TherewasatimewhenIcaughtinthesadnessofnotpassinganimportantexam.4．MyfriendshipwithYangQingbeganwhenwemeetinourschoolphotoclub.5.．(2017·臨沂市模擬)Threeyearsago