閱讀理解4議論文-2022年中考英語真題匯編（全國(guó)通用）

專題16閱讀理解

考點(diǎn)4議論文

（―）

（2022?湖北十堰?中考真題）

閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

Thereisnodoubtthattechnologyhashadabiginfluenceonourlives.Peoplefrom

allaroundtheworldcannowtalktoeachotheralmostatonceonmobilephonesandthe

Internet.Peoplecaneasilysolvetheirproblemswiththehelpofcomputersandtheworld

wideweb.Withthistechnology,itseemsthattheworldismoreconnectednowthanever

before.Evenso,therehavebeenworriesabouttechnologymakingpeoplefeellonelyand

disconnectedfromothersaroundthem.

Sodoesthismeanthattechnologymakesuslonely?

Inmyopinion,itishardtosayYesorNo.

Ifstruethathumansneedcommunicationwitheachother.Ifwcdependon

technologytoomuchtocommunicate,thiscanbadlyimpactourmental（心理的）health.

Forme,technologyisatool.Andjustlikeanyotherkindoftool-likescissors,apencil

oraruler,forexample,itdependsonhowweuseit:inarightwayorinarightplace.

Takesocialmedia（社交媒體）asanexample.Ifyouonlyuseittocompareyourselfwith

others,youmightfeelsadandlonely.Butifyouuseitasatooltoconnectwithfriends

andfamilyortostartanewcommunitytotalkaboutyourhobbiesandinterests,the

lonelinesswillturnintoloveandfriendship.

Whenyoufeellonelyafterstaringatyourcomputerscreenallday,maybeyoucan

usethattechnologytoreachouttoareliable（可靠的）friendandinvitehimorheroutfor

lunchoracoffee.

1.Accordingtothewriter,technologyis.

A.atoolB.aninfluence

C.apairofscissorsD.awayofcommunication

2.What,sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“impact“inPaqugraph4?

A.幫助B.促進(jìn)C.影響D.進(jìn)入

3.Accordingtothepassage,ifpeopleusetechnologytoomuch,peoplemay.

A.sleeplessB.livelongerC.feellonelyD.getmorejobs

4.Whenweusetechnologytoothers,wecanfindloveandfriendship.

A.arguewithB.competewithC.connectwithD.comparewith

5.What,sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Socialmediaisimportanttous.B.Technologycanbegoodandbadtous.

C.Peopleneedtocommunicatewitheachother.D.ComputersandtheInternethelpus

withourwork.

【答案】LA2.C3.C4.C5.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹技術(shù)對(duì)我們的生活產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，在帶來便利的同時(shí)，使人

們之間的交流變少了。作者呼吁我們可以多和朋友出去。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Forme,technologyisatool.”可知，對(duì)作者來說，技術(shù)是一種工

具。故選A。

【2題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。分析“IfWedependontechnologytoomuchtocommunicate,thiscan

badlyimpactourmental（心理的）health.“可知，如果我們過于依賴技術(shù)來交流，這會(huì)

嚴(yán)重影響我們的心理健康。此處impact的意思是“影響”，故選C。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Evenso,therehavebeenworriesabouttechnologymakingpeople

feellonelyanddisconnectedfromothersaroundthem.“可知,有人擔(dān)心科技會(huì)讓人們

感到孤獨(dú)，與周圍的人失去聯(lián)系。故選C。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butifyouuseitasatooltoconnectwithfriendsandfamilyorto

startanewcommunitytotalkaboutyourhobbiesandinterests,thelonelinesswillturn

intoloveandfriendship.”可知，如果你把技術(shù)作為與朋友和家人聯(lián)系的工具，或者

建立一個(gè)新的社區(qū)來談?wù)撃愕膼酆煤团d趣，孤獨(dú)就會(huì)變成愛和友誼。故選C。

【5題詳解】

主旨大意題。本文主要介紹技術(shù)對(duì)我們的生活產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，在為我們帶來便

利的同時(shí)，也帶來了問題。故選B。

（二）

（2022?河北?中考真題）

Nobodywantstolose,butwemustacceptthatlosingisapartoflife.Afterall,we

can,twinallthetime.However,wecanIeamsomethingvaluablefromeveryfailure（失

?。?Thismayhelpussucceedinthefuture.Sowemustknowhowtobeagoodloser.

Wemustnotbeafraidoflosing.WhenweIoseJusttakeitwithasmileandlookon

thebrightsideofit.Failurecan,tbeavoidedinourlife.Edisonfailed10,000timesbefore

heinventedthelightbulb（燈泡）.Whenhewasaskedhowhefelt,hesaidthathe

hadn,tfailed10,000timesbuthadlearned10,000thingswhichdidn,twork.Wemust

knowthathistoryisfullofexamplesofmenandwomenwhoachievedsuccessalthough

theyfailedmanytimes.

Losingisnotverydisgraceful.Wemustacceptourfailureandlearntotake

advantageofit.Rememberthatitcanbehelpful.Takeactiontowalkoutofit.WhenWe

lose,thinkaboutwhatwedidandhowwecanimprove.Ifsomeoneelsecanhelp,we,ll

beluckyenough.Maybeheorshehasbeenthroughthesameexperiencebefore.Many

peopleenjoyhelpingotherssolveproblems.Thiscansaveusalotoftimeinlearninghow

toavoidthesamemistakesinthefuture.

WeshouldfaceourfailurewhenWelose.Thereisonlyonewinnerinevery

competition.Somewin,whilesomelose.Thatisausualwayoflife.Ifweofferour

congratulations（祝賀）tothewinnersandshareintheirhappiness,wewon,tfeelsorry

forourfailure.

Inaword,beingagoodloserwillhelpustosucceedinlife.Itmightbepainfulatthe

beginning,buttherearemanyadvantages.Goodloserssetexamplestous,andmost

importantly,theyfinallywin.

6.WhatcanWelearnfromeveryfailureaccordingtothetext?

A.Awayoflife.B.Avaluablething.C.Ageneralrule.D.Asecretofsuccess.

7.Inthewriter,seyes,whydidEdisonachievesuccess?

A.Hegothelpfromothers.B.Hehappenedtomakeit.

C.Heavoidedpossiblemistakes.D.Hesawthebrightsideoflosing.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disgraceful“probablymean?

A.Bad.B.Personal.C.Dangerous.D.Interesting.

9.Whatdoesthewriteradvisetheloserstodoinacompetition?

A.Expresstheregrets.B.Forgetthefailure.

C.Shareinthewinners9enjoyment.D.Joininanothercompetition.

10.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.IdeasaboutHowtoAvoidMistakesB.ExperienceinDealingwithProblems

C.AdviceonHowtoBeaGoodLoserD.AdvantagesofbothSuccessandFailure

【答案】6.B7.D8.A9.C10.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了失敗對(duì)于我們的好處，以及如何應(yīng)對(duì)失敗。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“However,wecanIeamsomethingvaluablefromeveryfailure（失

?。?”可知，然而，我們可以從每一次失敗中學(xué)到一些有價(jià)值的東西。故選B。

【7題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whenwelose,justtakeitwithasmileandlookonthebrightsideof

il?''可知，當(dāng)我們失敗的時(shí)候，微笑著接受它，看到它光明的一面。愛迪生成功是

因?yàn)樗吹搅耸〉墓饷鞯囊幻妗９蔬xD。

【8題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"Losingisnotverydisgraceful.Wemustacceptourfailureandlearn

totakeadvantageofit.”可知，失敗不是很丟臉。我們必須接受失敗，并學(xué)會(huì)利用

它。disgraceful與Bad意思相近。故選Ao

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)“IfWeofferourcongratulations（祝賀）tothewinnersandsharein

theirhappiness,Wewon,tfeelsorryforourf?ilure.”可知，如果我們向獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)弑硎咀ＹR

并分享他們的快樂，我們不會(huì)為我們的失敗感到遺憾。故選C。

【10題詳解】

最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Sowemustknowhowtobeagoodloser.”及全文可知，本文主要

講述了失敗對(duì)于我們的好處，以及如何應(yīng)對(duì)失敗。C選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于如何成為一個(gè)好失

敗者的建議”符合題意。故選C。

（三）

（2022?山東泰安?中考真題）

Countingthehairsonyourheadwouldbeverydifficult.Manyhavetried,butmost

peoplegiveupafterlosingcountorgettingbored!However,scientistssaypeoplehave

morethan100,000hairsontheirheadsonaverage.Ofcourse,thisnumberisdifferent

frompersontoperson.Somepeoplehavemuchmorehairthanothers.

Whatcauseshairloss?Therearemanyreasons,suchasstress,illnessandstyling.It

alsorunsinfamilies.Besides,manypeoplesimplylosehairastheygrowolder.Toavoid

losinghair,youshouldwashyourhaircorrectlyandcondition（養(yǎng)護(hù)）yourhairtohelp

keepyourhairhealthy.It,salsoimportanttobegentlewhenbrushingorcombinghair.

Hairlossisnotthesameasdailyshedding（脫落）.Peopleloseanaverageof50to

100hairsaday.Ifsnormal.Ifyouarelosingmorehairthanaverage,talktotheadults

youtrust.Theycanhelpyoudecidewhethertoaskadoctorforhelp.

Whydohumanshavehairontheirheads?Mostothermammals（哺乳動(dòng)物）have

thickfur（毛）coveringtheirwholebodies.Whilehumansgrowsmallandfine（^ll微

的）hairsonmuchoftheirskin,it,smuchthickeronthetopofthehead.Scientistssay

theanswerscomedowntoevolution.Humansprobablyevolvedwithoutfurbecausethey

havemoresweatglands（汗腺）thanothermammals.Humanswalkuprightontwolegs.

Therefore,thetopoftheirheadsneedsprotectionfromthesun.Thisiswhypeoplehave

morehairontheirheadsthanontherestoftheirbodies.Thehairalsohelpskeepheatin

coldweatherandkeepahealthybodytemperature.

11.HowmanyreasonsforhairlossarementionedinParagraph2?

A.3B.4C.5D.6

12.Youcantakethefollowingmeasures（措施）toavoidlosinghairexcept.

A.wearingahatallthetimeB.washingyourhaircorrectly

C.brushingorcombinghairgentlyD.conditioningyourhair

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"evolution“meaninthelastparagraph?

A.進(jìn)化B.發(fā)育C.天生D.訓(xùn)練

14.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Ingeneral,it,seasierforyoungpeopletolosehairthanoldpeople.

B.Thehaironhumanheadshelpskeepheatincoldweather.

C.Ifyoulose50to100hairseveryday.youmustaskadoctorforhelp.

D.Allthemammalshavethickfurcoveringtheirwholebodiesbecausetheyhaveno

sweatglands.

【答案】ILC12.A13.A14.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要分析了脫發(fā)的原因，應(yīng)對(duì)的方法以及為什么人類的頭頂會(huì)有頭

發(fā)。

【11題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Therearemanyreasons,suchasstress,illnessandstyling.Italso

runsinfamilies.Besides,manypeoplesimplylosehairastheygrowOlder''可知，關(guān)于

脫發(fā)的原因提到了五點(diǎn)：壓力，疾病，發(fā)型，家族遺傳，還有隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而脫

發(fā)，故選C。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)“Toavoidlosinghair,youshouldwashyourhaircorrectlyand

condition（養(yǎng)護(hù)）yourhairtohelpkeepyourhairhealthy.It,salsoimportanttobe

gentlewhenbrushingorcombinghair”可知，為了避免脫發(fā)，你應(yīng)該正確地洗頭并護(hù)

理頭發(fā)，梳頭時(shí)要溫和，故選A。

【13題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"Humansprobablyevolvedwithoutfurbecausetheyhavemoresweat

glands（汗腺）thanothermammals.Humanswalkuprightontwolegs.Therefore,the

topoftheirheadsneedsprotectionfromtheSUn”可知，人類在進(jìn)化過程中沒有皮毛，

人類用兩條腿直立行走。因此，他們的頭頂需要長(zhǎng)出一些毛發(fā)來防曬，所以人類

頭頂有毛發(fā)是跟進(jìn)化有關(guān)，故evolution表示“進(jìn)化“，故選A。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Thehairalsohelpskeepheatincoldweatherandkeepahealthy

bodytemperature”可知，頭發(fā)還有助于在寒冷的天氣里保暖，保持健康的體溫，故

選B。

（四）

（2022?浙江湖州?中考真題）

φTherearelotsofthingsthatcausestress（壓力）inourlives,suchasschool

problems,argumentswithfriendsandsometimesbadfeelingsaboutourselves.Weall

experiencestressattimes,butit,simportanttomanageitproperlyandreduce（減少）its

influence.Herearesomehelpfultipsfordealingwithstress.

?Sometimeswefeelstressedwithoutunderstandingthereason.Sowheneveryou,re

stressed,youshouldstopandthink.Whatisreallyhappening?Howcanyouimprovethe

situation?Trykeepingadiaryaboutyourproblemsandthepossiblecauses.

（3）DoyoualwayswaituntilSundayeveningtodohomework?Thisbadhabitcan

causeulast-minute,,stress,aswellaspoorgrades.Toavoidthat,timemanagementis

greatlyneeded.Planyourstudiesandotheractivitieswithacalendar.Youcanalsodivide

bigprojectsintosmallertasks.Inthisway,you,11alwaysknowhowmuchtimeyoureally

have.

?Besides,healthyhabitsareveryimportantforreducingstress.Besuretoeat

healthymealsandgetatleasteighthoursofsleep.Avoidcheckingyourmobilephoneor

usingthecomputerbeforebedtime.Itwillkeepyouawake!

⑤Whenyou,refeelingstressed,it,shelpfultospeaktosomeonewhounderstands

yoursituation,suchasyourfriendsandfamilies.Sometimesit,senoughtotalkabout

yourproblemsandshareyourfeelings.Othertimes,however,youmightneedadviceor

suggestions.Don,tkeepyourworriestoyourself.

?Finally,relaxationisimportant,Findsomefreetimeforactivitiesthatyouenjoy,

suchassports,hobbiesandmeetingwithfriends.Forexample,seeingafilmorhanging

outafter5days,studycouldbeagoodchoice.Ifyoufindsometimetorelaxandenjoy

yourself,you,llfeelrefreshed,havemoreenergy,andreduceyourlevelofstress.

15.WhatadvicedoesthewritergivetoreducestressinParagraph3?

A.Stopandthink.B.Manageyourtime.C.Watchyourhealth.D.Reachoutforhelp.

16.HowdoesthewriterdevelopParagraph6?

A.Bytellingstories.B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Byaskingquestions.D.Bygiving

examples.

17.Whichofthefollowingisthestructureofthepassage?

?①②③④⑤①②③④⑤

A.IIII?B.IlIIlC.1?—I~~1D.

@@@???⑥

【答案】I5.B16.D17.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了一些處理壓力的有用的技巧。

【15題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Toavoidthat,timemanagementisgreatlyneeded.“可知，本段給出

的建議是要進(jìn)行時(shí)間管理，故選B。

【16題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“suchassports,hobbiesandmeetingwithfriends.Forexample...''可

知，本段是通過舉例子來說明，故選D。

【17題詳解】

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)整個(gè)文章的理解可知，本文第一段總體指出有一些處理壓力的有

用的技巧，第二至六段分別從不同的方面介紹緩解壓力的方式，故選A。

（五）

（2022?浙江寧波?中考真題）

Recently,manypeoplethinkit,sriskytousecredit（信用）cardnumbersonline.

However,fromtimetotime,weallusepasswordsandIDnumbersontheInternet.We

thinkwearesafe,butthatmaynotbetrue!Anewkindofattack（攻擊）isbeingusedby

dishonestpeopletostealIDsandcreditcardnumbersfromwebsurfers.Thisnewkindof

attackiscalled"phishing”.

Phishingsoundsthesameastheword“fishing”,anditmeansthatathiefistryingto

trickpeopleintogivingawayvaluableinformation.Likerealfishermen,phishersusebait

（誘餌）intheformofgreatonlinedealsorservices.Forexample,phishersmightusefalse

emailsandwebsitestotrickpeopleintorevealing（透露）creditcardnumbers,account

usernames,andpasswords.Theyimitate（模仿）well-knownbanks,onlinesellers,and

creditcardcompanies.Successfulphishersmaymakeasmanyas5%ofthepeople

believeandgiveawaytheirpersonalinformation.

Ifsreallyabigproblem!Actually,tricking5%oftheonlinepopulationishuge.Now

morethan4.6billionpeoplehaveaccess（進(jìn)入權(quán)）totheInternet,and75%ofthose

InternetusersliveinthewealthiestcountriesonEarth.Ithasbeenreportedthatphishers

sendmorethan40billionfalsemessageseachyear.Evenbytrickingonly5%ofthe

people,phisherscanmakealotofmoney.

Amy,18,fromCalifornia,receivedanemail.AmantoldAmythatshecouldgeta

milliondollarsinheraccountasarewardifshesentathousanddollarstohim.Amydid

asthemansaidatonce.The"thiefusedAmy,sSocialSecuritynumbertogetcredit

cardsinhernameandtransferredhermoney.

Howcanpeopleavoidbeingcheatedonline?Aboveall,theyhavetolearnto

recognizetheemailthathasbeensentbyaphisher.Alwaysbecarefulwithanyemail

withurgent（緊急的）requestsforpersonalinformation.Phisherstypicallywriteupsetting

orexciting,butfalse,statementsintheiremailssothatpeoplewillreplyrightaway.

Nevergiveoutpersonalinformationtophishers.Andifanoffersoundstoogoodtobe

true,itis.

18.Phishingiscomparedtoaccordingtothepassage.

A.makingmoneyB.playinggamesC.catchingfishD.writingemails

19.WhichwritingskillisusedinPara.3?

A.Givingexamples.B.Listingnumbers.C.Raisingquestions.D.Usingsayings.

20.Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword“transfer”

inPara.4?

transferv.（transferred,transferring）

φtomovefromoneplace,school,jobetctoanother

（2）toconnectthecallofsomeonetosomeoneelse,s

（3）tomovemoneyfromoneaccounttoanother

@tochangefromonebus,planeetctoanother

A.①B.②C.③D.④

21.Besidesintroducingwhatphishingis,thewriteralsotellsushowto.

A.helptocatchphishersB.replytourgentemails

C.paybycreditcardD.protectourselvesonline

【答案】18.C19.B20.C21.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺騙以及如何避免在網(wǎng)上被欺騙。

【18題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Likerealfishermen,phishersusebaitintheformofgreatonline

dealsorservices."可知，就像真正的漁夫一樣，網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚者以在線交易或服務(wù)的形

式使用誘餌；將“Phishing”比作“catchingfish”。故選C。

【19題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，通過列舉數(shù)字說明網(wǎng)絡(luò)被騙者很多。故選B。

【20題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"The?thief,usedAmy,sSocialSecuritynumbertogetcreditcardsin

hernameandtransferredhermoney.”可知，這名"小偷'’使用艾米的社會(huì)安全號(hào)碼獲得

了以她名字命名的信用卡，并轉(zhuǎn)移了她的錢，因此“transfer”意為“tomovemoney

fromoneaccounttoanother,,o故選Co

[21題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)“HowcanpeopleavoidbeingcheatedOnIinc?”可知，最后一段作者

還告訴我們?nèi)绾伪苊庠诰W(wǎng)上被欺騙。故選D。

（六）

（2022?安徽?中考真題）

TheSearch-fbr-Lost-Birdslisthascometopublicattentionrecently.Itliststenkinds

ofbirdsthathavenotbeenseeninthewildforatleastfifteenyears.Thelistiscallingon

peopletosearchfortherarest（最珍稀的）birdsonEarth.

Therecouldbeseveralreasonsforthelongdisappearancesoftheb