專題14完形填空夾敘夾議文和說明文（講義）（原卷版）-2024年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)高頻考點追蹤與預(yù)測（新高考專用）

專題14完形填空夾敘夾議文，議論文和說明文特點分析+高分策略01專題網(wǎng)絡(luò)·思維腦圖02考情分析·解密高考03高頻考點·以考定法考點完形填空考點完形填空【高考解密】命題點01完形填空夾敘夾議文命題點02完形填空議論文和說明文【技巧解密】【考向預(yù)測】04核心素養(yǎng)·微專題微專題名詞詞義辨析易錯點05創(chuàng)新好題·分層練試卷年份體裁主題考查類型語境內(nèi)容(短語)動詞名詞(短語)形容詞(短語)副詞介詞(短語)全國乙卷2023記敘文人與自我完善自我123510全國甲卷2023記敘文人與社會人際交往84701新高考Ⅰ卷2023記敘文人與社會人際關(guān)系67200新高考Ⅱ卷2023記敘文人與社會人際關(guān)系73410全國卷Ⅰ/全國乙卷2022說明文人與社會人際關(guān)系774202021夾敘夾議人與社會人際交往1071202020夾敘夾議人與自我完善自我683212019記敘文人與自然環(huán)境保護87410全國卷Ⅱ/全國甲卷2022記敘文人與社會人際交往871312021記敘文人與自我完善自我1054102020記敘文人與社會文化遺產(chǎn)1143202019記敘文人與社會人際關(guān)系95321全國卷Ⅲ2020記敘文人與社會社會關(guān)系836122019夾敘夾議人與自然人與環(huán)境94520考點一完形填空夾敘夾議文命題點01夾敘夾議文典例01【2021年全國乙卷】Simplysayingthankyoudoesn'tseemenoughincertainsituations.Iwasconsideringthiswhileworkingasa___41___justafewweeksago.Anditcametomethenhowmucheasieritwouldbeifwehadarangeofwordsthatexpressdifferent___42___ofgratitude(感謝).Mythoughtsweresoon___43___.Wehadawomanpatientwhowas___44___fromakneereplacementoperation.Oneafternoon,while___45___togetintobedshecollapsed(倒下)fromwhatwas___46___discoveredtobeaheartattack.Thecollapsewasdisastrous,___47___theemergencymedicalteamandgoodteamwork.Butsherecovered,though___48___,andwasreadyfordischarge(出院)afterfourweeks.Shewas___49___foreverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.Onherdayofdischargewesharedinher_____50_____atherrecovery.Asshewas_____51_____shewaseagertosay_____52_____toeachofusinthenursingteam.Whenshe_____53_____onenurse,shetriedtopressafivepoundnoteintoherhand.Mycolleague_____54_____toacceptit,sayingthatwewerealljust_____55_____ourjob.Thepatientlookedpuzzled,andthen_____56_____:“Ohthisisn'tforthe_____57_____Ihad.Itakethatasa_____58_____.No,thisisforsettingmyhairyesterday.”Andthereyouhaveit.Tomanypeople,_____59_____livesispartofthejobbutstylinghairisan_____60_____andshouldberewarded.41.A.cleaner B.chemist C.nurse D.doctor42.A.grades B.meanings C.needs D.expectations43.A.brushedaside B.puttothetest C.broughtunderdiscussion D.takenintoaccount44.A.departing B.escaping C.retiring D.recovering45.A.attempting B.choosing C.pausing D.promising46.A.eventually B.fortunately C.casually D.secretly47.A.assessing B.requiring C.forming D.proving48.A.slightly B.accidentally C.slowly D.happily49.A.grateful B.thoughtful C.sorrowful D.fearful50.A.surprise B.delight C.curiosity D.disappointment51.A.operating B.thinking C.hesitating D.leaving52.A.sorry B.hello C.goodbye D.yes53.A.reached B.consulted C.introduced D.persuaded54.A.wished B.pretended C.failed D.refused55A.enjoying B.doing C.securing D.starting56.A.repeated B.recited C.replied D.reported57.A.courage B.patience C.duty D.care58.A.goal B.given C.push D.greeting59.A.risking B.changing C.saving D.building60.A.honour B.ability C.opening D.extra命題點02議論文典例01【2022年浙江卷6月】Smallchildrenareeasytothrowupintheairandcatchandthey___16___it.“Again,Daddy,again!”JackyshoutsasIthrowhimskywardsandcatchhimonthewaybackdownagain.Hethrowshisarmsandlegsout___17___hewereflying,hiseyeswidewith___18___.Histrustinmeis___19___whichisquiteanicefeeling,butatthesametimegivesmeahugesenseof___20___.IhopeJackywillalwaystrustmefully,butIknowthat,ashegets___21___,itwillneedmoreeffortandsoundjudgment____22____.Trustissuchanimportantpartofa___23___relationshipthatit’ssomethingthatcan’t___24___tolose.EverytimeI___25___Jackytosomethingnew,he’lldoitonlybecausehetrustsmeandfeels___26___intheknowledgethathewon’tgethurt.___27___,teachingJackytoswimmeanshehasto___28___that,whenhe’sswimminginthebigpool,I’lletohisrescueifhisdoggypaddleletshimdown.___29___intheworkplace,trustisimportantforstrong___30___.Itissomethingthateverymanagershouldworkhardto___31___amongtheirteam.Ifpeopledon’ttrustyou,they’reunlikelyto___32___yourdirectionsandwillinglybeealoyal(忠誠)teammember.A___33___oftrustcanmakepeopleworkagainstyouratherthanforyou.Attheveryleast,itmeansthatpeoplearenotgoingtobe___34___youtheirbest.Good___35___,likegoodparenting,isalongtermmitment.16.A.deserve B.miss C.love D.know17.A.asif B.incase C.eventhough D.sothat18.A.fear B.excitement C.doubt D.astonishment19.A.reasonable B.limited C.absolute D.important20.A.relief B.satisfaction C.achievement D.responsibility21.A.older B.busier C.quieter D.healthier22.A.onmybehalf B.onmypart C.inmyhonor D.inmyname23.A.longdistance B.highrisk C.parentchild D.teacherstudent24.A.afford B.choose C.wait D.expect25.A.attach B.pare C.adjust D.introduce26.A.safe B.happy C.proud D.grateful27.A.Aboveall B.Inaddition C.Atfirst D.Forexample28.A.admit B.believe C.suggest D.imagine29.A.However B.Therefore C.Similarly D.Fortunately30.A.affection B.determination C.friendship D.leadership31.A.assess B.organize C.develop D.understand32.A.repeat B.follow C.change D.forget33.A.gesture B.measure C.bond D.lack34.A.telling B.giving C.selling D.sending35.A.management B.personality C.munication D.education命題點03說明文典例01【2022年全國乙卷】Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout___21___someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably___22___athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies___23___.Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas___24___asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour___25___researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology___26___thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged24intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each___27___satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor___28___.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould___29___orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame___30___happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:___31___childrensaidthattheycouldn’t___32___toher.Anumberof___33___ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects___34___thequestionsandknew___35___whatwasaskedofthem.Their___36___tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue___37___that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply___38___mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our___39___suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod___40___whenothersuseit.21.A.following B.taking C.escaping D.directing22.A.clever B.bad C.scared D.quick23.A.exposed B.examined C.untouched D.imbalanced24.A.supported B.guaranteed C.imagined D.interpreted25.A.disappointing B.mixed C.surprising D.desired26.A.explained B.confirmed C.contradicted D.tested27.A.parent B.child C.researcher D.doctor28.A.feet B.nose C.hands D.ears29.A.see B.help C.reach D.fool30.A.event B.thing C.action D.accident31.A.Yet B.Now C.Soon D.Once32.A.speak B.listen C.turn D.wave33.A.instructions B.descriptions C.experiments D.assumptions34.A.prehended B.predicted C.explored D.ignored35.A.partly B.honestly C.vaguely D.exactly36.A.responses B.approaches C.contribution D.sensitivity37.A.ability B.belief C.identity D.purpose38.A.holdback B.relateto C.insiston D.makeup39.A.limitations B.requirements C.theories D.findings40.A.tentative B.impressive C.creative D.effective夾敘夾議文文體特征夾敘夾議的文章是高考完形填空中最有難度的，也是最熱點的一類體裁。所選文章語言地道、寓意深刻、可讀性強。文章常常在平淡的敘述中蘊含著深刻的人生哲理。此類選材傾向于注重短文本身的教育意義。作者首先敘述一件事，在敘述過程中或結(jié)束后發(fā)表自己的看法或由此事引出一個深刻的社會問題。文章的顯著特點是首句可能在傳達一個事件信息或透視一種社會現(xiàn)象，而后對此進行高層次評價，或由此引發(fā)一種深層次思考，具有記敘與議論的雙重性，文情并茂，發(fā)人深思。解題時，應(yīng)借助上下文乃至全文的語境揣摩作者的心境，及其對各個角色、各個事件的態(tài)度?！久}規(guī)律】一、先敘述作者自己的某一個生活經(jīng)歷或見聞，然后針對這一事件發(fā)表自己對生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。二、作者先提出一種觀點或看法，然后圍繞這一觀點或看法用具體的事例加以說明，有時也可能是用幾個事例從不同的側(cè)面來說明。三、提出一種觀點或見解，然后用某一事例來闡述這一觀點，最后再進一步地總結(jié)和升華。此類完形填空三種結(jié)構(gòu)特點如下表：1事例—觀點先敘述作者自己親歷或所見所聞的一件事情，然后針對這件事情發(fā)表自己對生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。2觀點—事例先提出一種觀點或看法，然后圍繞這一觀點或看法用具體的事例來說明，一般是一個事例，有時也會用幾個事例從不同的側(cè)面加以說明。3觀點—事例—觀點提出一種觀點或看法，然后用事例說明，最后再進一步闡述或總結(jié)自己的觀點。二）應(yīng)試策略1.抓住作者在第一句話中交代的人物的姓名、身份、業(yè)績或事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展以及最后得出的結(jié)果。2.不僅要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是挖掘文章的內(nèi)涵，尤其要體味議論部分，因為該部分往往是文章的升華。3.要跟著作者的思路讀全文，思維要有靈活性，要隨著記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換，及時調(diào)整思維方式。議論文文體特征不管是在漢語中，還是在英語中，議論文都是由論點（作者的觀點，也就是被證明的對象、論據(jù)（用來證明論點的依據(jù)，是說明論點的理由和材料）和論證（運用論據(jù)證明論點的過程與方法），這三個要素構(gòu)成的，這也是一個提出問題——分析問題——解決問題的過程。因此，典型的議論文一般就由序論（提出問題，即what）、本論（分析問題，即why）和結(jié)論（解決問題，即how）三個部分構(gòu)成，其具體的結(jié)構(gòu)模式又有以下三種：

模式一：引言段（提出觀點）——正方論點心（支持作者的觀點的較弱論點）、正方論點2（支持作者的觀點的較強論點）、正方論點3（支持作者觀點的最強論點）——結(jié)論段（總結(jié)+解決方法，論斷或建議）

在這種模式中，文章主體段（中間部分）的每一個部分論述一個論點，這些論點以其重要性按序排列，最有力、最重要的論點在最后面，以示強調(diào)。

模式二：引言段（提出觀點）——反面意見（反方觀點+作者的反駁）、正方論點1（支持作者觀點的較弱論點）、正方論點2（支持作者觀點的較強論點）、正方論點3（支持作者觀點的最強論點）——結(jié)論段（總結(jié)+解決方法，論斷或建議）

在這種模式中，文章立體段的一開始就提出對立方的反面意見及作者對這種意見的反駁，以后各部分仍分別陳述作者的不同論點。

模式三：引言段（提出觀點）——反方觀點1+進行反駁的正方論點、反方觀點2+進行反駁的正方論點、反方觀點3+進行反駁的正方論點——結(jié)論段（總結(jié)+解決方法，論斷或建議）

在這種模式中，作者在文章主體段的每一部分都先提出一個反面觀點，然后再進行反駁。議論文有自己的語言個性，它不同于記敘文的生動形象，也不同于說明文的簡明易懂。議論是對具體事物、事理作出的理論上分析與闡述，因此，它的語言自然客觀的、抽象的、概括的。同時，它的語言也很準(zhǔn)確，合乎邏輯。文中會較多地使用，諸如since（既然），nowthat（既然），therefore（因而），inthatcase（在那種情況下），so（所以），Itfollowsthat…（因而…），If…，wemayconcludethat

…（如果……，我們可以這樣下結(jié)論……），Shoulditbethecase

（如果是這樣的話……），Idon’twantto…,but…（我并不想……），Itistruethat…,but…（誠然……但是……）,Evenif

…（即使……）等有辯論和推理含義的連接和過渡詞語與結(jié)構(gòu)，以增強語言的準(zhǔn)確性和邏輯性。此外，作者的寫作態(tài)度一般也較誠懇，在文章中通常使用的是與讀者平等交流的語氣，不會給人以居高臨下、以勢居人、逼人接受的感覺，在遣詞造句方面多使用虛擬語氣、讓步狀語從句和can,may,might,could,would,should等情態(tài)動詞。二）應(yīng)試策略技巧一把握首句議論文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句，作者通常在首段提出總論點，然后在每段的首句提出分論點。技巧二依據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)查論點文章論點提出一般有以下三種。開門見山：直接提出論點，然后用正反、對比、舉例等論據(jù)加以論證，最后總結(jié)全文。拋磚引玉：先通過敘述生活中的一件事情或現(xiàn)象，不表明自己的觀點，而是通過對具體現(xiàn)象的分析，最后得出結(jié)論。文末總結(jié)：先列舉生活中的現(xiàn)象，不表明自己的觀點，而是通過對具體現(xiàn)象的分析，最后得出結(jié)論。技巧三末段結(jié)論議論文的尾段就是結(jié)論，也是對論點的照應(yīng)。說明文文體特征說明文往往圍繞一個問題從不同的側(cè)面來加以說明，通常結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，因此也是高考完形填空題中較難理解的一種文體。其主要特點為：1.開頭點題在說明文類的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說明的對象，這是掌握說明細節(jié)的前提。2.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰說明文一般按一定的順序展開。理清文章的說明順序，對于正確把握文意和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇正確答案具有重要意義。3.難度較大說明文往往采用比較正式的文體，表述準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，生詞術(shù)語較多，句子較長，結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。4.遣詞用字簡練說明文一般采用簡練的語言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質(zhì)、特點、構(gòu)造、成因、關(guān)系或事物的運動變化、發(fā)展的過程及其規(guī)律。5.條理清晰說明文十分講究條理性，一般采取時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)知順序來說明事物或事理。二）應(yīng)試策略1.

利用說明文的查找說明主體2.

把握說明文的兩種(1)總分式。包括＂總—分＂＂分—總＂＂總—分—總＂等具體形式。(2)遞進式。事理說明文多用遞進式結(jié)構(gòu)，一層一層地剖析事理。具體包括：空間順序——從上到下、從外到內(nèi)、從左到右、從南到北、從遠到近、從中間到四周、從整體到部分；時間順序——按照時間先后順序來安排，事物都有發(fā)生、發(fā)展、消亡的過程；邏輯順序——有些說明文主要是剖析事理的，在說明時就按照事理的邏輯關(guān)系進行安排，或者從主到次、從淺到深、從原因到結(jié)果，具有嚴(yán)密的條理性?？枷蛞粖A敘夾議文（2023·江蘇·統(tǒng)考二模）Itwasn’teasytopracticegratitude(感激)everyday.AfterI1Cushing’sdiseaseandhadanoperationafewyearsago,my2wasthateverythingwouldbeOK.However,Iwaswrong.Ihadongoingachesandpains,and3myselftoanewlifewasdifficultforme.IbegantonoticethatI’dbeea4person.Oneday,IheardadiscussionaboutgratitudebyDrTonyEvans.It5meandforcedmetotakealong,hard,honestlookatmyself.Ihavea(n)6spouse(配偶)andparents.I’dheardthestoriesofotherpeople’sstruggleswithCushing’sdisease.Theirspouseshadleftthemandtheydidn’thavefamilyto7.Ididn’tfaceanyoftheseproblems,yetIdidn’trealizethat.Imadeadecisiontostartpracticinggratitudedaily.OnceIdecidedthat,my8improved,andIbegantoapproachsituations9.Insteadofviewingsituationsnegatively,Istartedtoseethemas10.Thisledmetopracticetheconceptofsowingandreaping(收獲),whichIlearnedfrommyparents.Theydidn’tjusttalkthetalk,butratherthey11thisconcepttous.12,itwasn’tuntilIhadmyownexperiencesthatIunderstoodwhatitmeant.Letmeexplain.WhenIwas13bymyownpity,myharvestinlifewasruined,becauseeverythingIwas14wasnegative.SinceIstartedpracticinggratitude,somanydifferentdoorsofopportunityhaveopenedupforme.Myadviceisstartingpracticinggratitudeuntilitbeesapartofyourdaily15.Takenoteofthedifferenceitwillmakeinyourlife.1．A．caught B．treated C．studied D．spread2．A．suggestion B．a(chǎn)ssumption C．description D．solution3．A．referring B．a(chǎn)bandoning C．releasing D．a(chǎn)djusting4．A．reasonable B．considerate C．generous D．hateful5．A．a(chǎn)nnoyed B．challenged C．fooled D．ignored6．A．supportive B．creative C．sensitive D．a(chǎn)ctive7．A．turnup B．turnin C．turnto D．turndown8．A．image B．taste C．mood D．character9．A．obviously B．differently C．greedily D．frequently10．A．opportunities B．responsibilities C．a(chǎn)bilities D．difficulties11．A．reported B．explained C．performed D．demonstrated12．A．Instead B．Besides C．However D．Therefore13．A．consumed B．surprised C．protected D．judged14．A．raising B．sowing C．meeting D．learning15．A．burden B．supply C．routine D．struggle考向二議論文和說明文（2023·河南鄭州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Awarmcupofteacanseemtohealthesoul.Anewstudyfindsitmaybegoodforyour1,too.PaststudiesinChinaandJapanhavesuggestedthatgreentea2drinkers.Now,scientistssay3teamayshowsimilarbenefits.ScientistsfromtheUnitedStatesNationalCancerInstitutecarriedoutthe4.Theyexaminedyearsofdatagatheredabouttheteadrinking5ofalmost500,000adultsinBritainforasmanyas14years.Theresearchers6thatpeoplewhodranktwoormorecupsofteadaily7werelesslikelytohave8fromallcausesthanthosewhodidn’t.Thescientistssaidthe9riskofdeathheldtrueforthe10withheartdiseasesandstroke.However,therewasnoclearfindinginconnectionwithdeathsfrom11.Researcherswerenotsurewhy.“Itis12thatthereweretoofewconfirmedcancerdeathsto13,”explainedMakiInoueChoi,wholedthestudy.Allkindsoftea—green,black,oolong,andwhite—areproducedfromthesametreeplantusingdifferent14methods.Antioxidants(抗氧化物)inblackteaaremajor15tohealthbenefits.AgroupofantioxidantscalledFlavonoidsarethoughttobe16forhearthealth.That’swhyblackteahelpsdrinkerslivelonger.Theresearchersdonotofferenough17toadvisepeopletostartdrinkingteaorthechangehowmuchtheyare18rightnow.Theyneedmoreresearchto19thefindings.ButInoueChoisaid,“Ifyouarealreadydrinkingtea,youcan20doingso.”1．A．brain B．feeling C．body D．work2．A．strengthens B．forts C．refreshes D．benefits3．A．black B．green C．white D．oolong4．A．task B．study C．experiment D．reform5．A．behaviors B．burdens C．opinions D．interests6．A．a(chǎn)dmitted B．understood C．suspected D．found7．A．meanwhile B．a(chǎn)fterwards C．therefore D．otherwise8．A．suffered B．died C．escaped D．recovered9．A．increased B．removed C．lowered D．a(chǎn)voided10．A．patients B．subjects C．Chinese D．Japanese11．A．cancer B．heartdisease C．stroke D．monillness12．A．certain B．possible C．vital D．necessary13．A．cure B．record C．measure D．count14．A．packaging B．shipping C．marketing D．processing15．A．a(chǎn)pproaches B．responses C．contributors D．entrances16．A．unacceptable B．responsible C．famous D．ready17．A．knowledge B．guidance C．evidence D．conclusion18．A．growing B．purchasing C．storing D．drinking19．A．roundout B．passround C．putdown D．bringup20．A．quit B．delay C．a(chǎn)dvocate D．continue微專題名詞詞義辨析易錯點1.(2022年新高考全國I卷)Now,everyyearwhenmyhusbandpullsourcamperoutofthegarage,wearefilledwithasenseof54,wonderingwhatcampingfunand55wewillexperiencenext.54.A.relief B.dutyC.pride D.excitement55.A.failure B.adventureC.performance D.conflict2.（2022年1月浙江卷）WhenBeverleyBurdeyneyturnedseventyfourlastyear,shestartedhavingproblemswithher___16___,notablydrynessanddisfort."Iwassimply___17___aterribleexperience,"Ms.BurdeyneysaidatherhomeinToronto."Ifeltsohelplessandinsecurebecausethequalityofmy___18___wasaffected."......Eventually,Ms.Burdeyneylearnedaboutplansforaneyeresearch,___23___atTelAvivUniversityinIsrael.16.A.throat B.skin C.lungs D.eyes17.A.gettingover B.goingthrough C.holdingon D.passingdown18.A.story B.treatment C.life D.relationship23.A.course B.program C.paper D.conference完形填空（2023上·江蘇·高三校聯(lián)考期末）Mostofusneedtohealonceinawhile.Physically.Mentally.Emotionally.Sometimesit’salltheabove.Forsomeofus,the1partofhealingissimplytobelievethatit’spossible.Yearsago,Iwaswatchingmyoldestson2freethrows.Hemadeadozen3throughthenetwithoutamiss.“Howdoyoudothat?”Isaid.“BeforeIreleasetheball,”hesaid,“Iseeitinmymindgoing4thenet.Iseeitinmymindtomakeithappen.”Ilovedthesewords.Itstruckmethattheymightalso5healing.Weneedtobelievehealingcanhappenandpictureitinourmindstoseeitin6.7doesn’tassureusoftheoutewehopefor.Butitsetsusinmotiontomovetowarddesired8.LastyearIhadsurgeryforabroken9andspenteightweeksinawheelchair.Attheendofthoseeightweeks,I10tostartwalkingagain.11,thatdidn’thappen.Ithenstartedgoingtophysical12.Ibelieveditcouldhelp,soIkeptatitjustwhenitseemedI’dnever13againasIdidbefore.Whenhopegrowsdim(暗淡的),belief14thewayandmakesallthingspossible.Weneedtobelieve15ispossible.Ifwecanseeitinourminds,wecanletgoofthepast,acceptthepresentandmovetowardabetterfuture.1．A．simple B．emotional C．hardest D．reasonable2．A．practice B．display C．release D．enjoy3．A．a(chǎn)ttempts B．shots C．choices D．a(chǎn)djustments4．A．a(chǎn)gainst B．with C．for D．through5．A．relyon B．a(chǎn)pplyto C．a(chǎn)risefrom D．respondto6．A．reality B．detail C．turn D．person7．A．Imagination B．Desire C．Belief D．Dreaming8．A．oute B．prize C．career D．option9．A．hand B．a(chǎn)nkle C．wrist D．a(chǎn)rm10．A．promised B．planned C．longed D．expected11．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Additionally D．However12．A．strength B．beauty C．therapy D．examination13．A．walk B．live C．wish D．recover14．A．feels B．lights C．forces D．clears15．A．success B．improvement C．healing D．breakthrough（2024上·黑龍江哈爾濱·高三哈爾濱三中?？计谀℡earsago,IlivedintheEnglishmidlandsandwouldwalkthesameroutealongthelocalcanaleachevening.Onwintermornings,Iwouldseethe16sightofbirdflocksdancingacrossthelandscape,adistantcacophony(刺耳的嘈雜聲)17abovethefields.Theywerejackdaws(寒鴉),thesmallestmemberofthecrowfamily.ResearchledbyMastersstudentAlexDibnahasked:Whyarejackdawssoloudwhenthey18?Thenhebegantoworkwithateam.Theteam’s19wasthatthemorningcallsmightbeajackdawversionof“20”.Eachindividual’scallmight21asan“I’min!”helpingthemcoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))their22.Totestthis,theresearchersartificially23calllevelsduringthejackdaws’morningcacophonyusingspeakersattheirsleepingsites.Whenextracallswereplayed,thejackdaws24earlier,showingtheyusecallsasacheckinsystem.Individualjackdaws25fromleavingwiththeflockbecausetheygetmoresocialinformationlikewheretofindfood,theycanmaximizetheirtimespentfindingfood,andthey’reless26beingattacked.Thissortofdecisionmakingisn’t27tojackdaws—it’sbeenreportedinotherspeciesaswell.So,thecacophonyofjackdawsinthemorningisacleversolutionto28alargegroup.Ifyou’re29bythenoise,findfortinthefactthattheloudertheyget,thesoonerthey’llleaveyouin30.16．A．frightening B．peaceful C．familiar D．unusual17．A．fading B．stopping C．changing D．rising18．A．fly B．gather C．a(chǎn)ppear D．return19．A．evidence B．theory C．experiment D．difficulty20．A．fittingin B．breakingin C．steppingin D．signingin21．A．resign B．count C．check D．rank22．A．movement B．progress C．gesture D．demand23．A．created B．graded C．increased D．maintained24．A．settled B．left C．escaped D．a(chǎn)rrived25．A．benefit B．learn C．suffer D．keep26．A．indefenseof B．incontrolof C．a(chǎn)triskof D．a(chǎn)tthesightof27．A．mon B．essential C．open D．unique28．A．joining B．organizing C．mastering D．warning29．A．bothered B．impressed C．surprised D．fascinated30．A．trouble B．wonder C．peace D．charge（2023上·廣東深圳·高三珠海市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期末）Iamaprofessorofpsychology.Sometimeago,IgothalfwaythroughadayofteachingbeforeacoworkerpointedouttomeIwasquite31wearingadifferentpairofshoes,oneredandoneblack.Ifeltso32andupsetbutIwouldhavetogototeachmy33likethis.WhenInoticedhowmuchIwantedtodisappearandavoidthis34,Iwasdeterminedtofaceit35.Iwalkedintoclassand36tothestudentsthatIwaswearingtwoshoesfrom37pairs,anddirectedtheirattentiontomyfeet.Everyonelaughedandwewentonwithclass.Yearslater,a38inthatclasstoldmethatthiswasthemomentshefirstthoughtthatmaybe,justmaybe,shecouldbeaprofessor,too.I39mymistakebecauseIrealizedthattryingtohideitwasweakeningmyabilitytoconcentratemymindonmyteaching—butIhadnoideathatitwouldalsohelpshortenthe40distancebetweenmystudentsandmyself.Manycontextsmay41orshamepeopleformakingmistakes.Oureffortstoavoidthem42ourdesiresforsuccess,andhowotherswillrespondtoourmistakes.Wemightfeel43andshameifwedomakesome.However,mistakemakingispartoflearningnewthings,anditcan44usclosertoothers.It45upthepossibilityofacceptingmistakesgladly,lettingusbemoreopenandengagedinwhatwearedoing.31．A．impatiently B．carelessly C．quietly D．slowly32．A．confused B．touched C．terrified D．embarrassed33．A．a(chǎn)im B．book C．course D．feeling34．A．situation B．direction C．operation D．option35．A．besides B．moreover C．instead D．otherwise36．A．shouted B．a(chǎn)ppealed C．called D．a(chǎn)nnounced37．A．beautiful B．fancy C．different D．colorful38．A．worker B．teacher C．student D．peer39．A．shared B．made C．a(chǎn)voided D．corrected40．A．physical B．psychological C．critical D．economical41．A．recognize B．stop C．help D．punish42．A．resultfrom B．eout C．giveoff D．takeon43．A．selfcontrol B．selfrespect C．selfconfidence D．selfcriticism44．A．draw B．force C．push D．a(chǎn)ffect45．A．clears B．opens C．turns D．uses（2023上·上海浦東新·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Askywell,or"tianjing",isatypicalfeatureofatraditionalhomeinChina.46anorthernChinesecourtyard,or“yuanzi”askywellissmallerandlessexposedtotheoutdoorenvironment.Theyare47seeninhomesdatingtoMingandQingdynasties,whichweredesignedto48differentgenera