北京市東城區(qū)2022-2023學年高二上學期期末統(tǒng)一檢測英語試卷（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市東城區(qū)2022-2023學年高二上學期期末統(tǒng)一檢測英語試卷第一部分知識運用(共三節(jié)，共42分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AtLuckyCandy,asmallneighborhoodstore,customersareinforaluckytreat.AhmedAlwan,acashierofthestore,inventedagamethat’ssincegoneviral:if___1___correctlyanswerhismathquestions,theyareabletograbasmanyitemsaspossibleinfiveseconds—allfor___2___.Alwancameupwiththeideatoprimarily___3___“l(fā)ow-incomecommunitymembers”andhehimselfendsuppayingforwhateverthewinnerscollect.ForAlwan,23,joyisessentialasbreakfast—butregularsathisfamily’scornerstoresometimes___4___both.“Thisneighborhoodhasalotofpoorpeople,”hesays.“They’veknownmesinceIwasalittlekid.Iknowmostofthembyname.Iseepeople—someofwhomare___5___customers—sleepingonthetrain.Iusedtogivethembutteredrolls,coffeeandbananasinthemorningto___6___theirdays.”Afanofmaththroughouthighschoolandcollege,Alwanthoughtofthewaytocombinehisloveofentertainingandaltruism(利他主義)intothegametogoonhelpingpeopleandkeeptheir___7___skillssharptoo.Sohowdoesallthegift___8___andproblemsolvingaffectthestore’sprofits?Alwansaidithasn’taffectedthefamilybusinessnegatively.“It’soutofmyown___9___,”hesaid.HerecentlylaunchedaGoFundMepageontheInternettoraisefundsforthegameaswell.Iftheequation(方程式)forhappinessequalskindnessplus____10____,Alwanhasalreadysolvedit.1.A.shoppers B.cashiers C.owners D.witnesses2.A.fun B.good C.free D.love3.A.choose B.help C.educate D.gather4.A.insiston B.liveoff C.adjustto D.strugglefor5.A.potential B.close C.extraordinary D.domestic6.A.clarify B.guide C.evaluate D.brighten7.A.trading B.verbal C.math D.reading8.A.exchanging B.making C.designing D.giving9.A.pocket B.need C.control D.head10.A.modesty B.generosity C.honesty D.bravery〖答案〗1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B6.D7.C8.D9.A10.B【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。講述的是一名收銀員AhmedAlwan利用游戲的方式幫助附近貧困的人，他的善良和慷慨幫助別人的同時，自己也得到了幸福和快樂?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這家商店的收銀員AhmedAlwan發(fā)明了一個游戲，這個游戲后來風靡一時：如果購物者正確回答了他的數(shù)學問題，他們就可以在五秒鐘內抓住盡可能多的商品——所有這些都是免費的。A.shoppers顧客；B.cashiers收銀員；C.owners擁有者；D.witnesses目睹者。根據(jù)首段中的“AtLuckyCandy,asmallneighborhoodstore,customersareinforaluckytreat.”可知，故事發(fā)生的背景是商店，所以此處應該是顧客。故選A項。【2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這家商店的收銀員AhmedAlwan發(fā)明了一個游戲，這個游戲后來風靡一時：如果購物者正確回答了他的數(shù)學問題，他們就可以在五秒鐘內抓住盡可能多的商品——所有這些都是免費的。A.fun趣事；B.good益處；C.free免費；D.love愛。根據(jù)下文中的“hehimselfendsuppayingforwhateverthewinnerscollect.”可知，Alwan給顧客拿的東西付賬，所以此處是免費，forfree意為“免費地”符合語境。故選C項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Alwan提出了主要幫助“低收入社區(qū)成員”的想法，他自己最終為獲獎者收集的任何東西付費。A.choose選擇；B.help幫助；C.educate教育；D.gather收集，聚集。根據(jù)下文中的“Alwanthoughtofthewaytocombinehisloveofentertainingandaltruism(利他主義)intothegametogoonhelpingpeople…”可知，此處指的是Alwan幫助收入不高的人。故選B項?！?題詳析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：對于23歲的阿爾萬來說，快樂就像早餐一樣必不可少，但他家街角商店的?？陀袝r會為兩者而苦惱。A.insiston堅持；B.liveoff依賴，靠……生活；C.adjustto適應；D.strugglefor為……奮斗。根據(jù)上文中的“ForAlwan,23,joyisessentialasbreakfast—butregularsathisfamily’scornerstoresometimes…”以及下文中的both，可知商店周圍這些常客卻為獲得快樂和早餐而努力奮斗，說明周圍人們的日子過的很困難。故選D項。【5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到人們——其中一些是近處的親密的顧客——睡在火車上。A.potential潛在的；B.close親近的，親密的；C.extraordinary特殊的；D.domestic國內的。根據(jù)上文中的““Thisneighborhoodhasalotofpoorpeople,”hesays.“They’veknownmesinceIwasalittlekid.Iknowmostofthembyname.”可知，此處指的是認識他的一些?？停源颂幷f親密的顧客。故選B項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我曾經在早上給他們黃油卷，咖啡和香蕉，以給他們的日子帶來希望。A.clarify澄清；B.guide引導；C.evaluate評估；D.brighten點亮。根據(jù)上文中的“Iusedtogivethembutteredrolls,coffeeandbananasinthemorning…”可知，此處指的是給大家這些東西，為了讓大家從一早上就有一個好心情，brightenone’sday意為“給某人帶來希望或愉快”符合語境。故選D項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Alwan在整個高中和大學都是數(shù)學迷，他想辦法將他對娛樂和利他主義的熱愛融入到游戲中，繼續(xù)幫助人們并保持他們的數(shù)學技能。A.trading交易；B.verbal口頭上；C.math數(shù)學；D.reading閱讀。根據(jù)上文中的“Afanofmaththroughouthighschoolandcollege,…”可知，此處指的是使他們的數(shù)學技能得到提升。故選C項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：那么，所有發(fā)出去的禮物和解決問題會不會影響商店的利潤呢？A.exchanging交換；B.making使，制造；C.designing設計；D.giving給予。根據(jù)下文中的“…andproblemsolvingaffectthestore’sprofits?”可知，and前后并列結構，后面是“解決問題”，再結合語境可知此處應為“發(fā)送禮物”。故選D項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“這是我自己掏腰包的，”他說。他最近在互聯(lián)網上推出了一個GoFundMe頁面，為游戲籌集資金。A.pocket口袋；B.need需要；C.control控制；D.head頭。根據(jù)上文中的“…h(huán)ehimselfendsuppayingforwhateverthewinnerscollect.”和“Alwansaidithasn’taffectedthefamilybusinessnegatively.”可知，此處指的是Alwan自己掏腰包，所以不會影響家庭收入。故選A項?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果幸福的方程式是善良加慷慨，那么Alwan已經解決了它。A.modesty謙虛；B.generosity慷慨；C.honesty誠實；D.bravery勇敢。結合全文語境可知，本文講述的是Alwan以游戲的形式，免費幫助有困難的人，這表明了他的慷慨，無私和善良。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。CharlieChaplinisahouseholdnamearoundtheworld.He___11___(regard)asoneofthebestcomedyactors.Peopleofallagescanbemadelaughheartilybyhisperformances.Inmyopinion,the___12___(funny)thingofallaboutCharlieChaplinwasthewayhewalkedwhenhewasactingastheTramp,___13___isapoormanwithakindheartandoftenhasunexpectedadventures___14___(involve)thepolice.TheTrampisasymbolofthesilentcinema.〖答案〗11.isregarded12.funniest13.who14.involving【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了著名喜劇表演藝術家卓別林及其扮演的流浪漢角色?！?1題詳析】考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：他被認為是最好的喜劇演員之一。regard與主語He是邏輯動賓關系，應用被動語態(tài)；句子描述一般性事實，應用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填isregarded?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞最高級。句意：在我看來，查理·卓別林最有趣的事情是他扮演流浪漢時的走路方式，流浪漢是一個窮人，但有一顆善良的心，經常有與警察有關的意想不到的冒險。根據(jù)后面“ofall”可知，此處應用形容詞最高級，表示很多個事情中最有趣的。故填funniest?！?3題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：在我看來，查理·卓別林最有趣的事情是他扮演流浪漢時的走路方式，流浪漢是一個窮人，但有一顆善良的心，經常有與警察有關的意想不到的冒險。此處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是theTramp，指人，關系詞在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞who引導。故填who。【14題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在我看來，查理·卓別林最有趣的事情是他扮演流浪漢時的走路方式，流浪漢是一個窮人，但有一顆善良的心，經常有與警察有關的意想不到的冒險。involve與名詞adventures是邏輯主謂關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動，作定語。故填involving。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。LastSaturday,Iwenttotheschoolsportsfieldtowatchthefinalofthe4×100-metrerelayatourannualsportstournament.___15___therace,everyonewasquietandstill.Whentherunnerssetoff,everyonewentwild!Weallstoodupandstartedshouting.Itwaslikebeinghitbyahugewaveof___16___(excite).Theracewasalloverinjustoneminute.Whenthefirstrunner___17___(cross)thefinishline,everyonewasontheirfeet,cheering.〖答案〗15.Before16.excitement17.crossed【導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章記錄了作者上周六去學校的運動場觀看了一年一度的體育錦標賽4×100-metre接力賽的決賽?！?5題詳析】考查介詞。句意：在比賽前，每個人都很安靜。根據(jù)句子結構與句意，空格部分到標點符號處是狀語部分，每個人在賽前才會處于未興奮狀態(tài)，故需要填表示“在……之前”的介詞。故填before?！?6題詳析】考查名詞。句意：這就像被一股巨大的興奮浪潮擊中一樣。根據(jù)句子結構與句意，空格部分前面有介詞“of”，介詞后需要填寫名詞，〖提示〗詞“excite”是動詞形式表示“使興奮”，這里需要轉換成為名詞詞性。故填excitement?！?7題詳析】考查動詞。句意：當?shù)谝幻\動員沖過終點線時，每個人都站起來歡呼。根據(jù)句子結構與句意，空格部分處于“when”引導的狀語從句中，是從句中的謂語部分，根據(jù)時間標志詞這是上周六的故事，因此要使用一般過去時。故填crossed。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,___18___concernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.YuanLongpingovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridriceforfarmingin1974.Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcrops___19___(generate)fromYuan’shybridstrains.Yuan’sinnovation___20___(help)feednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.〖答案〗18.what19.generated20.hashelp【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章簡要介紹了“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平以及他對世界所做出的杰出貢獻?！?8題詳析】考查主語從句連接詞。句意：然而，最令他擔憂的是，農民往往收成不佳，有時甚至嚴重缺乏食物。分析句子結構可知，空處引導主語從句，主語從句中缺少主語，而且意為令他擔憂的“事情”，所以用連接代詞what引導主語從句。故填what?！?9題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：今天，據(jù)估計，中國國內大米消費量的60%左右是由袁隆平雜交品種生產的作物。分析句子結構可知，句中已有謂語動詞comprise，所以空處為非謂語動詞作后置定語，和修飾的名詞crops之間存在被動關系，所以用過去分詞。故填generated?！?0題詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：袁隆平的創(chuàng)新不僅幫助養(yǎng)活了中國，還幫助養(yǎng)活了許多其他依賴大米的國家，如印度和越南。分析句子結構可知，空處為句子的謂語動詞，表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，句子為現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。主語innovation為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語單數(shù)形式。故填hashelped。第三節(jié)(共4小題;每小題3分，共12分)根據(jù)中文意思和括號內所給的〖提示〗詞，翻譯下面句子。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。21.這是一個奇妙無比的、對每個人都有吸引力的主題公園。(appealto)Thisisanincrediblethemepark________.〖答案〗that/whichappealstoeveryone【詳析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)漢語〖提示〗可知，空處可以用限制性定語從句來修飾themepark。先行詞themepark，指物，應用關系代詞that/which引導從句，that/which在從句中作主語。appealto“對...有吸引力”，在定語從句中作謂語，句子時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句主語為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。每個人用英文單詞everyone。故填that/whichappealstoeveryone。22.“一個成功課堂的關鍵是讓學生參與進來?！蹦俏唤淌谡f。(becrucialto...)“________asuccessfulclassroomistoinvolvestudents,”theprofessorsaid.〖答案〗Whatiscrucialto【詳析】考查主語從句和時態(tài)。分析句子結構可知，“_______asuccessfulclassroom”是主語，“是……的關鍵”為短語becrucialto，所以此處應用主語從句，從句缺少主語，表示“……的事/東西”，應用what來引導，句子描述一般性事實，應用一般現(xiàn)在時，句首單詞首字母大寫，故填Whatiscrucialto。23.剛才我打電話給史密斯先生，感謝他勸說我兒子改掉那個壞習慣。(persuade,quit)JustnowImadeacalltothankMr.Smithfor________.〖答案〗persuadingmysontoquitthatbadhabit【詳析】考查動詞。表示“勸說某人做某事”為persuadesb.todosth.，其中不定式短語作賓補；表示“改掉那個壞習慣”為quitthatbadhabit；在介詞for之后作賓語，所以persuade要用動名詞形式。故填persuadingmysontoquitthatbadhabit。24.微笑可以打破隔閡是一個普遍真理。(breakdownbarriers)Itisauniversaltruth________.〖答案〗thatasmilecanbreakdownbarriers【詳析】考查主語從句。分析句子結構可知，句首的it作形式主語，空處應用that引導從句作真正的主語，從句描述客觀事實，應用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句主語“微笑”譯為asmile，使用不定冠詞表示泛指，情態(tài)動詞can表示“可以”，后接動詞原形形式作謂語，“打破隔閡”譯為breakdownbarriers。故填thatasmilecanbreakdownbarriers。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，共28分)第一節(jié)(共9小題;每小題2分，共18分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAccommodationisavailableforAltUniversitystudentsinanumberofdorms(宿舍)forgirlsandboysasseparated.ThesedormsarelocatedinMatbeycampusandaredesignedtoprovideaclean,comfortable,secureandcivilizedenvironmentforthestudents.?FEESTRUCTURERoomTypeAnnualRate(9months)PerSemesterDescriptionSingleRoom$3,750$1,875Frontview(14m2)SingleRoom$3,550$1,775Frontview(10m2)SingleRoom$3,450$1,725Backview(14m2)TripleRoom$2,250$1,125Backview(30m2)QuadrupleRoom$2,450$1,225Frontview(32m2)QuadrupleRoom$2,100$1,050Backview(30m2)Roomfeeincludesaccommodation,electricity,heatingandwater,WiFi,cleaningservicesandlaundry.Roomchargesandmealplansarefor9months(oneacademicyear)or1semesterduringthestudyperiodattheuniversity.Oncestudentsregisterforthedormormealplan,itcannotberefunded(退款)incaseofcancelingthestayorthemealservice.?FACILITIESMealPlan:Studentscanchooseamealplanincludingthreecoursesinadayduringtheirstay.Foronesemesteritcosts$810,fortwosemesters$1620.CleaningService:Thecleaningofdormroomsandcommonspacesisprovidedbyprofessionalcleaners.Cooking:Residentscaneitherdineatthein-houserestaurantorcooktheirownmealsatthecommonkitchenarea.LeisureTimeActivitiesandRelaxation:Musicroomandgymareavailablefortheuseofstudents,freeofcharge.Safety:AltUniversityDormitoryoffersstudentsasafeaccommodationwithits24/7securityand24/7availablestaff.?HOWTOAPPLY?Studentscanprefertostayatthedormitoryforthefirstsemesteronlyortwosemestersboth(thewholeacademicyear).Inordertomakearoomreservation,youshouldfillintheonlineapplicationform.Duetolimitedspace,applicationswillbeprocessedonafirst-comefirst-servedbasis.Overseasstudents,studentslivingindistanceinthecityandstudentswithhandicapwillbegivenpriorityovertheothers.25.XieLeiisgoingtospend$1,200?$1,400onaccommodationforthefirstsemesterinAltUniversity,whatroomtypecansheapplyfor?A.QuadrupleRoomwithfrontview. B.QuadrupleRoomwithbackview.C.SingleRoomwithfrontview. D.TripleRoomwithbackview.26.Studentslivinginthedormcan________.A.usethegymatalowerpriceB.enjoyfreeheatingandwaterC.cookmealsinaparticularareaD.stopthemealplananytimeandgetthemoneyback27.Whatmayhelpastudentsuccessfullyapplyforadorm?A.Applyingforaccommodationforthewholeacademicyear.B.Sendingtheapplicationformasearlyaspossible.C.Applyingforadorminadistantcampus.D.Volunteeringforthedormcleaningjob.〖答案〗25.A26.C27.B【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了Alt大學的學生宿舍情況，包括費用，設施及申請方式?！?5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中表格第三欄PerSemester(每學期)下的第五行“$1,225(1225美元)”可知，第五行對應的是“QuadrupleRoom(四人間房間)”和“Frontview(32m2)(陽面（32平方米）)”可知，XieLei預計一學期在住宿上花費1200-1400美元，所以他可以申請陽面的四人間（QuadrupleRoomwithfrontview），故選A。【26題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Cooking(做飯)下的“Residentscaneitherdineatthein-houserestaurantorcooktheirownmealsatthecommonkitchenarea.(住宿學生可以在室內餐廳用餐，也可以在公共廚房區(qū)域自己做飯。)”可知，住在宿舍的學生可以在公共廚房區(qū)域，即特定區(qū)域做飯，故選C?！?7題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Duetolimitedspace,applicationswillbeprocessedonafirst-comefirst-servedbasis.(由于場地有限，申請將以先到先得方式處理。)”可知，盡早寄出申請表格將有助于學生成功申請宿舍。故選B。BSamanthaCristoforetti.2022/10/12…仰觀宇宙之大，俯察品類之盛，所以游目騁懷，足以極視聽之娛，信可樂也。Lookingup,Iseetheimmensityofthecosmos;bowingmyhead,Ilookatthemultitudeoftheworld.Thegazeflies,theheartexpands,thejoyofthesensescanreachitspeak,&indeed,thisistruehappiness.ESA及另外4人Besides‘‘wow”and“great”,whatelsewouldyousaywhenflyingovertheEarthinspace?SamanthaCristoforetti,anItalianfemaleastronaut,postedseverallinesofafamousancientChinesecompositiononTwitterduringhermissionattheInternationalSpaceStationtoshareherjoy.ShefirstwroteinChinese,andthenattachedanaccuratetranslationofthelinesinbothItalianandEnglishtohelpmorepeopleunderstand.ThetextshequotedisfromthePrefacetoPoemsComposedattheOrchidPavilion,aChinesecalligraphymasterpiecebyWangXizhioftheEasternJinDynasty.ShealsoattachedthreephotostakeninspaceofChina’sBohaiBayandtheday-nightviewofBeijing.ThebeautyofspaceandChineseliteratureresonatedonCristoforetti’sTwitteraccount.HerpostwentviralonTwitterwiththousandsofretweets,likesandrepliesinafewhours.“HerquotationofthelinesshowsthatsheobservedtheuniversewiththevisionofChinesecivilizationwhileobservingChinafromspace,”oneusercomments.“AEuropeanastronautinspacerecitesChineseancientpoetry,howromantic,”saysanother.CristoforettihasbeenhighlypraisedforherChineselanguageskills.TheItalianspeakshalfadozenlanguagesandhaspreviouslytakenpartinjointtrainingbetweentheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)andtheChinaMannedSpaceAgency.ApartfromCristoforetti,MatthiasMaurer,aGermanastronautfromESAwhowenttoChinatogetherwithCristoforettiforthejointtraining,canalsospeakfluentChinese.SinceChinaandEuropehavehadfriendlycooperationinthefieldofmannedspaceflight,manyforeignastronautshaveshowngreatinterestinlearningChinese.ESADirectorGeneralJosefAschbacherispositiveabouttheunifyingspiritofspaceexploration.Hesaid,“Spaceisinternational.Thereisnowaytoputaboundaryinspace—becausethespacestationandthesatellitesflyaroundtheearth,crossboundaries,crosscultures,crossreligionsanddifferentdividesintermsofphilosophyandhistory.”WhiletheremaybemanyproblemsbetweennationshereonEarth,inspace,cooperationisstrong.28.WhatmadeCristoforettipostthemessageontheInternet?A.ThedesiretoshowoffherChinese.B.Theamazementattheviewofthespace.C.ThewishtoworkwithChineseastronauts.D.Thedutyofpopularizingspaceknowledge.29.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.CristoforettispreadChinesecivilizationonherTwitteraccount.B.Cristoforetti’ssuccessinlearningChineseencouragedothers.C.Cristoforetti’spostbecameahitontheInternet.D.Cristoforettiisageniusatlearninglanguages.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Spaceexplorationsettlesdifferencesbetweennations.B.ThelongingforsolvingproblemsonEarthisuniversal.C.Masteringmorethanonelanguageisatrendamongastronauts.D.Cooperationinthespacefieldbridgesthegapbetweencultures.〖答案〗28.B29.C30.D【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了首位進入太空的意大利女宇航員SamanthaCristoforetti在執(zhí)行國際空間站任務期間，在推特上發(fā)布了著名的中國古代名篇詞句，引起了巨大反響?！?8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)帖子下第一段“SamanthaCristoforetti,anItalianfemaleastronaut,postedseverallinesofafamousancientChinesecompositiononTwitterduringhermissionattheInternationalSpaceStationtoshareherjoy.”（意大利女宇航員SamanthaCristoforetti在執(zhí)行國際空間站任務期間，在推特上發(fā)布了幾行著名的中國古代名篇，分享她的喜悅。）和帖子下第三段“ThebeautyofspaceandChineseliteratureresonatedonCristoforetti’sTwitteraccount.”（太空之美和中國文學在Cristoforetti的推特賬戶上引起了共鳴。）可知，因為看到太空的景象感到震撼及喜悅，SamanthaCristoforetti想要分享這份喜悅，所以發(fā)布了這些中國名篇詞句。故選B。【29題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)帖子下第三段“ThebeautyofspaceandChineseliteratureresonatedonCristoforetti’sTwitteraccount.HerpostwentviralonTwitterwiththousandsofretweets,likesandrepliesinafewhours.”（太空之美和中國文學在Cristoforetti的推特賬戶上引起了共鳴。她的帖子在推特上瘋傳，數(shù)小時內就有數(shù)千條轉發(fā)、點贊和回復。）可知，SamanthaCristoforetti上傳的太空美景及中國名篇詞句引起了網友的共鳴，成為了熱點話題，她的帖子在互聯(lián)網上走紅。故選C?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)帖子最后一段“WhiletheremaybemanyproblemsbetweennationshereonEarth,inspace,cooperationisstrong.”（雖然地球上的國家之間可能有很多問題，但在太空中，合作是強有力的。）可知，太空領域的合作能夠將各個國家連接起來，彌合不同文化之間的差距。故選D。CLightinghascomealongwaysinceTomEdisonlithisfirstincandescentbulb(白熾燈泡)inthe1880s.LEDbulbsarepoppingupeverywherenow,onplanes,carheadlights,inyourphone.AndengineersareexploringmorewaystouseLEDs—everythingfromwirelessdatastreamingtosecurecommunicationsystemsandin-flightnetworking.EngineerHaraldHaas,co-founderofpureLiFi,explainshowLEDscanbeusedtotransmitinformation,“LEDshavethepropertythatwecanchangethelightthatcomesoutofanLEDvery,veryquickly.Thatchangeinthebrightnessiswhatweexploitinordertoencodedataextremelyfast,sothatareceiverwillthenseethesechangesinthelightintensityinawayahumaneyewouldnotbeabletodetect.Thenwehavealgorithms(算法)torecoverthesechangesandgetbackthedatastream.”TherearemanyadvantagestousingLEDstotransmitinformation.Foronething,LEDscancommunicatemuchfasterthanWiFi.What’smore,thevisiblelightspectrum(頻譜)isabouttenthousandtimeslargerthantheradiospectrum.Thiswouldallowcommunicationsystemstonotonlyuseaspectrumthat’salreadybeensetup,butvastamountoffreespectrum,whichisincars,inourLEDlightsathome,instreetlightsandsoon.“It’subiquitous.It’salreadythere,”Haassays.LiFiwouldalsobemoresecurethanWiFi.Becauselightcan’tgothroughwalls,peoplewouldnotbeabletologontoLiFinetworksinthesamewaythatthey’reabletologontoandeavesdropon(竊聽)ongoingWiFicommunications.HaasarguesthatLiFiwouldalsobeavailableinplaceswherecommunicationistypicallydifficultwhenwecan’tuseradio.Oneinterestingapplicationcouldbetousecarheadlightstocommunicatewithotherdriversontheroad.“WecanusetheseLEDstotransmitdatafromcartocar.Normallyyouseethecarinfrontofyou,butifyouwereabletorelayhigh-definitionvideofrom,say,threecarsinfrontofyou,youcouldseeearlierwhat’shappening.Thisisawaywecanenhancesafetyonourroads,”Haassays.HaasandhiscoworkersforeseetheLEDlightindustrychangingrapidlyinthenearfuturetoincludeadditionalfeatures.“ThatiswhereLiFiplaysakeyrole.Fromhomesensingofinterior,you’dfindoutifpeoplehavefallendownandthewayyouwouldnavigate(導航)indoors.Somany,manymoreapplicationswouldbepossiblewithlight,”Haassays.31.WhatisessentialtoenableLEDstosendsignals?A.TheresearchworkbypureLiFi. B.QuicklychanginglightofLEDs.C.CommonuseofLEDsindailylife. D.Accurateanalysisoflightintensity.32.Whatdoesthesentence“It’subiquitous.”inParagraph3probablymean?A.LiFi’sspeedissuperfast. B.LEDlightsarefreetouse.C.LEDsarestableinquality. D.Availablespectrumiseverywhere.33.HaasmentionstheexamplesinthelasttwoparagraphsmainlytoindicateLiFi’s________.A.advantageinsecurity B.matureapplicationC.promisingprospect D.rapidupgrades〖答案〗31.D32.D33.C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。講述了LED可以用來傳遞信息，LiFi技術的優(yōu)點和廣闊的應用前景?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thatchangeinthebrightnessiswhatweexploitinordertoencodedataextremelyfast,sothatareceiverwillthenseethesechangesinthelightintensityinawayahumaneyewouldnotbeabletodetect.Thenwehavealgorithms(算法)torecoverthesechangesandgetbackthedatastream.(亮度的變化是我們利用的，以便極快地編碼數(shù)據(jù)，以便接收器能夠以人眼無法檢測到的方式看到光強度的這些變化。然后我們有算法（算法）來恢復這些更改并取回數(shù)據(jù)流。)”可知，LED傳輸信號是以人眼看不到的亮度變化來傳遞的，光強度的變化通過再通過特殊的算法恢復其中的信息。能否準確傳遞信息的關鍵就是可否能夠準確分析光強度。故選D?！?2題詳析】句意猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“What’smore,thevisiblelightspectrum(頻譜)isabouttenthousandtimeslargerthantheradiospectrum.Thiswouldallowcommunicationsystemstonotonlyuseaspectrumthat’salreadybeensetup,butvastamountoffreespectrum,whichisincars,inourLEDlightsathome,instreetlightsandsoon.(更重要的是，可見光譜（頻譜）比無線電光譜大一萬倍左右。這將使通信系統(tǒng)不僅可以使用已經建立的頻譜，還可以使用大量的自由頻譜，這些頻譜存在于汽車，我們家中的LED燈，路燈等中。)”可知，LED通信頻譜覆蓋面廣，應用也非常廣泛，由此可推測It’subiquitous的含義為可用頻譜無處不在，故選D?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Oneinterestingapplicationcouldbetousecarheadlightstocommunicatewithotherdriversontheroad.(一個有趣的應用可能是使用汽車前燈與道路上的其他司機進行交流。)”及第六段中“ThatiswhereLiFiplaysakeyrole.Fromhomesensingofinterior,you’dfindoutifpeoplehavefallendownandthewayyouwouldnavigate(導航)indoors.Somany,manymoreapplicationswouldbepossiblewithlight(這就是LiFi發(fā)揮關鍵作用的地方。從家庭內部感應，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)人們是否摔倒了，以及你在室內導航（導航）的方式。光可以帶來如此多的應用)”可知，LiFi可以應用的場景很多，前景廣闊。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ThePowerinAcceptingYourErrorsItpaystobekindtoyourself.Anewstudyshowsthatbeingcompassionate(同情的)withyourselfwhenyoumakemistakescanreducedepression.Itisgenerallygoodtoholdyourselftohighstandardsandstrivetodoyourbest.Butsometimespeoplehaveunrealisticviewsofwhattheyshouldachieve.___34___Thenwhentheymakeamistake,theymaybetoounforgivingofthaterror.Itisanunhealthyformofperfectionism.Thisiswhenapersonviewsanythingimperfectasunacceptable.___35___However,self-compassioncanhelpprotectpeoplefromsuchnegativeimpacts,anewstudyfinds.___36___“It’softeneasytosaykindandsupportivethingstoourfriendswhenthingsgowrongforthem,”saysMadeleineFerrari.She’sapsychologistatAustralianCatholicUniversityinSydney.“Ifwecansaythesethingstoourselves,wewillstillreachourgoalsbutwillhavebettermentalhealth,”shesays.___37___Ferrari’steamwantedtoseeifself-compassionmightweakenthatlink.Theresearcherssurveyed541teenagersand515adults.Theyaskedthesepeopletofilloutasetofthreequestionnairesandaskedtheparticipantstoratetheirlevelsofperfectionism,depressionandself-compassion.Inbothgroups,peoplewhowerekindertothemselveswerelesslikelytoexperiencesadnessanddepression,theresearchersfound.___38___Andthatcouldbeespeciallytrueforperfectionists.A.Theysetstandardsthataretoohigh.B.Eventhemostintelligentandproductivepeoplemakemistakes.C.Thisisagoodexampleofimprovingandchangingbasedonamistake.D.Self-compassionistreatingyourselfthewayyouwouldtreatagoodfriend.E.Suchfeelingscanincreasestressandleadtosymptoms(癥狀)ofdepression.F.Solearningself-compassioncouldimprovetreatmentforthosewithdepression.G.Previousresearchhasshownthatpeoplewhoareperfectionistsaremorelikelytobecomedepressed.〖答案〗34.A35.E36.D37.G38.F【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了對自己充滿同情可以減輕抑郁，善待自己是值得的?！?4題詳析】上文“Butsometimespeoplehaveunrealisticviewsofwhattheyshouldachieve.(但有時人們對自己應該實現(xiàn)的目標有不切實際的看法)”以及下文“Thenwhentheymakeamistake,theymaybetoounforgivingofthaterror.(然后，當他們犯了錯誤時，他們可能會對錯誤太不寬容)”說明有時候人們對自己設定不缺實際的目標，犯錯誤后對錯誤太不寬容，A項“他們設定的標準太高了。”說明人們設定太高的標準，承上啟下，符合題意。故選A?！?5題詳析】上文“Thisiswhenapersonviewsanythingimperfectasunacceptable.(這是一個人認為任何不完美的東西都是不可接受的時刻)”以及下文“However,self-compassioncanhelpprotectpeoplefromsuchnegativeimpacts,anewstudyfinds.(然而，一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自我同情有助于保護人們免受這種負面影響)”說明認為任何不完美的東西都不可接受會對人們產生負面影響，E項中symptomsofdepression是關鍵詞，E項“這種感覺會增加壓力并導致抑郁癥狀?！苯榻B了抑郁癥狀這一負面影響，承上啟下，符合題意。故選E?！?6題詳析】上文“However,self-compassioncanhelpprotectpeoplefromsuchnegativeimpacts,anewstudyfinds.(然而，一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自我同情有助于保護人們免受這種負面影響)”以及下文““It’softeneasytosaykindandsupportivethingstoourfriendswhenthingsgowrongforthem,”saysMadeleineFerrari.(瑪?shù)铝铡しɡf：“當我們的朋友遇到問題時，對他們說善意和支持的話通常很容易。”)”說明當朋友遇到問題時，我們容易對他們說善意和支持的話，采用同情的方式，D項中agoodfriend是關鍵詞，D項“自我同情是以對待好朋友的方式對待自己。”承上啟下，符合題意。故選D?！?7題詳析】下文“Ferrari’steamwantedtoseeifself-compassionmightweakenthatlink.(法拉利的團隊想看看自我同情是否會削弱這種聯(lián)系)”以及“Theyaskedthesepeopletofilloutasetofthreequestionnairesandaskedtheparticipantstoratetheirlevelsofperfectionism,depressionandself-compassion.(他們要求這些人填寫一組三份問卷，并要求參與者對他們的完美主義、抑郁和自我同情程度進行評分)”說明法拉利的團隊想看自我同情是否會削弱完美主義與抑郁之間的聯(lián)系，G項“先前的研究表明，完美主義者更容易抑郁?！币鱿挛模项}意。故選G。【38題詳析】上文“Inbothgroups,peoplewhowerekindertothemselveswerelesslikelytoexperiencesadnessanddepression,theresearchersfound.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在這兩組人中，對自己更友善的人不太可能經歷悲傷和抑郁)”說明對自己更友善的人，即可以自我同情的人不太可能會抑郁，F(xiàn)項“因此，學習自我同情可以改善抑郁癥患者的治療。”承接上文，符合題意。故選F。第三部分書面表達(共兩節(jié)，共30分)第一節(jié)(共3小題;第39題2分，第40題3分，第41題5分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。FarmThemeParksPopularinJapanInmoderntimes,whenwethinkorhearaboutmajorthemeparks,whatoftencomestomindaresuccessfulfranchiseslikeDisneyland,DisneyworldandUniversalThemeParks.ButagrowingindependentgroupofspecializedthemeparksinJapanarecatchingtheattentionofthosewhoareinsearchofentertainment,freshfoodandthefeelofthegreatoutdoors.Forexample,NamegataFarmersVillageisasweetpotatothemeparkinIbarakiPrefecture,anareanotedforsweetpotatoproduction.“Thenumberofsweetpotatoproducershasdroppedduetotheagingpopulation.Wethoughtuptheideatoconveythecharmofagriculturetoyoungpeoplewhomovedtourbanareasbecausetheydidn’twanttotakeoverfromagingfarmers.Wehopedtosecureastablefutureforsweetpotatoes,”saidToshikazuNagao,presidentofthevillage.NamegataFarmersVillagecoversatotalareaofabout33hectares,or82acres,andutilizesabandonedfarmland.Aformerprimaryschoolisusedasthemainfacility.TheparkfeaturestheYakiimoFactoryMuseum,arestaurant,adirectsalesshopforagriculturalproductsandrentalfarmland.Classesformakingsweetpotatocakesarepopularamongfamilieswithchildren.TheconceptofanagriculturethemeparkisnotnewinJapan.IganoSatoMokumokuTezukuriFarmpioneeredtheconceptofagriculturalthemeparksinthelate-1980s.Thefarmopenedin1988whenMokuMokuTezukuriFarmCo.,anagriculturalcorporation,attemptedtoimprov