高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)輔導(dǎo)課件-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

Theboysitting

byadogisfat.Thehousebeingbuilt

inthestreetisashop.A

hurricane

struck

the

city,causing

muchdamage.

Playingthepianoisveryinteresting.ThismusicisinterestingBabiesareinterestedinmusic.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimselfremindedofhisowndreams.Hedeterminedtorescue

histwopartners1.admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keepmind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggestburstout，can’tstand，endup，giveup，feellike，keepon，insiston，lookforwardto，putoff，devote...to，objectto，bebusy(in)，getdownto，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，

haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)2.afford，agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，managepromise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish3.tell，want，wish，advise，order，require，expect，remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg，allow，forbidfeel，hear，see，watch，notice，observehave，let，make,keep,leave,

?？键c(diǎn)1.非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)2.非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)3.非謂語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)

admit,avoid,appreciate,allow,imagine,mind,practice

agree,promisechoose,pretend,fail,manage,demand4.非謂語(yǔ)做賓補(bǔ)get,have,make,leave,keep,see,hear,…5.非謂語(yǔ)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)6.非謂語(yǔ)與with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)7.非謂語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)從句的省略1.see，hear，notice，observe，watch，listento，lookat，have，keep，leave，find，catch，feelleave后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，意為“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”。a.~sb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事〔賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行〕b.~sth.undone留下某事未做leave〔賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，一般以u(píng)ndone.unfinished,unsettled,untouched為多〕c.~sb.todosth.留下某人做某事d.~sth.tobedone留下某事要做〔不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作〕It’swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched，becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.Heleft，leavingmetodoalltherestwork.have，get后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中have，get表示“使、讓、叫”之意?！?〕havesth.done＝getsth.done“使/讓某事由別人去做”。I’llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.【注】havesth.done還表示“使遭受……”之意。Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.過(guò)關(guān)落實(shí)1.—Thelastone________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

2.Ismellsomething________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt3.Atthebeginningoftheclass，thenoiseofdesks________couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose4.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless________everyday.A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater5.Asaresultoftheseriousflood，two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea________.A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair

6.Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad________homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking7.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking

8.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft，themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched9.—Comeon，pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork________mymind，Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled

10.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not________，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmoved11.Ican’tstand________withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________talkingwhilesheworks.A.working；stoppingB.towork；stoppingC.working；tostopD.towork；tostop12.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly________thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.tobetoldB.totellC.toldD.telling13.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.A.toacceptB.acceptC.acceptingD.accepted

14.RussandEarlwereautomechanics________thesamepay，butEarlhadmoreambition.A.toearnB.tohaveearnedC.earningD.earned15.InthedreamPetersawhimself______byafiercewolf，andhewokesuddenlywithastart.A.chasedB.tobechasedC.bechasedD.havingbeenchased

(八)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一、動(dòng)詞不定式1.動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能

(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)

ToknowsomethingaboutEnglishisonething；toknowEnglishisquiteanother.

此時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式放在句子的后部。

Itisn’teasyforhertofindanewjob.(2)不定式作賓語(yǔ)①不定式可作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：afford，

agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，manage，

promise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish等。

Ipromisednottobelate.②介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，不定式就要省略to。

Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Theydidnothingbutcomplain.(3)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)①某些動(dòng)詞如tell，want，wish，advise，order，require，

expect，remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg，

allow，forbid等后可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

Mydoctoradvisedmetotakearest.②某些感官動(dòng)詞如feel，hear，see，watch，notice，observe等或使役動(dòng)詞如have，let，make等后面可接不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。但如果句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，就必須帶to符號(hào)。

Didyounoticeanyonegointothehouse?Wasanyonenoticedtogointothehouse?③某些動(dòng)詞如find，feel，think，expect，consider，make等后可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但賓語(yǔ)后要接形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，而且要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。Newsservicesmakeitpossiblefornewspaperstogivetheirreadersnewsfromaroundtheworld.(4)不定式作定語(yǔ)DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish?①作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.②不定式作定語(yǔ)一般表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，但修飾有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)限定的名詞時(shí)，那么表示已完成的動(dòng)作。Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.(5)不定式作狀語(yǔ)①不定式一般作目的狀語(yǔ)，還可用短語(yǔ)inorderto或soasto。Hesatdowntohavearest.②不定式有時(shí)可作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示意想不到的結(jié)果，還可用onlyto。Heleft，nevertoreturn.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.③不定式可用在以下句子中表示結(jié)果：Hewassocarelessastoforgettolockthedoor.④不定式可作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)，用以修飾整個(gè)句子。

Tobehonest，Iknownothingaboutit.(6)不定式作表語(yǔ)

Thefirststepistocheckthevictim’sbreathing.AllIdidwas(to)pressthebutton.(7)“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”在句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。

Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisnotknownyet.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.【注】此時(shí)不可用iftodo結(jié)構(gòu)。2.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般時(shí)todotobedone進(jìn)行時(shí)tobedoing完成時(shí)tohavedonetohavebeendone(1)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)①不定式的一般式表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或表示一種狀態(tài)。

Iwishtofinishmybusinessandgetaway.Hepretendedtobeasleepwhenhismothercamein.②不定式的進(jìn)行式表示不定式動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行之中。

Ithappenedtoberaininghardwhentheaccidentoccurred.③不定式的完成式表示不定式動(dòng)作已完成或發(fā)生在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。Heisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthetelephone.(2)不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)當(dāng)不定式與自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系那么用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Herefusedtogoabroad.Herefusedtobetakenabroad.【注】以下情況下不定式用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義：①不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)。Shehasasistertolookafter.②不定式放在形容詞之后時(shí)。Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.③個(gè)別動(dòng)詞用在“be＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中表將來(lái)或應(yīng)該時(shí)。Ithinkheistoblame.我認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。3.不定式的省略問(wèn)題有時(shí)為了防止重復(fù)，不定式可用省略形式，但常常要保存不定式符號(hào)to。這種情況常出現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try或beglad，behappy或wouldlike/love等后面。如果不定式中含有be，have，havebeen時(shí)，這些詞也可保存。Ihaven’tbeentoHongKong，butIwishto.“Ididn’ttellhimthenews.”“Oh，yououghttohave.”二、動(dòng)名詞1.動(dòng)名詞的功能(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Watchingthemisathrillingexperience.【注】有時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把動(dòng)詞的-ing形式放在句子的后部。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(2)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)①以下動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等。Iadmitbreakingthewindow.②以下短語(yǔ)后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：burstout，can’tstand，endup，giveup，feellike，keepon，insiston，lookforwardto，putoff，devote...to，objectto，bebusy(in)，getdownto，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)等。Hedidn’twanttoendupgoinghomealone.③以下動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，意義上有所不同。Remembertoposttheletterformeonyourwaytoschool.請(qǐng)你在上學(xué)的路上記住替我把這封信寄出去。IrememberturningoffthelightbeforeIlefttheoffice.我記得在離開(kāi)辦公室前關(guān)上了燈。④動(dòng)詞like，love，prefer，hate，continue等后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)均可。但如表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作要用動(dòng)名詞，如表示具體的行為要用不定式。Ilikeswimming，butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.⑤動(dòng)詞allow，advise，forbid，permit等后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但要接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.⑥動(dòng)詞need，require，want作“需要”解時(shí)，其后要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作賓語(yǔ)。Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.⑦形容詞worth后要接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，它不同于worthy的用法。Theplaceisworthvisiting.Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited/tobevisited.⑧介詞后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

Whatdoyoumeanbysayingthat?Icongratulatedthemongettingmarried.(3)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)

Myhobbyisgrowingflowers.(4)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)

Hehadaveryexpensivewalkingstick.2.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般時(shí)doingbeingdone完成時(shí)havingdonehavingbeendoneHewentawaywithoutsayinganything.Hecameintotheroomwithoutbeingseen.I’msorryforhavingwastedsomuchofyourtime.IforgothavingbeengivenaChristmasgiftyearsago.3.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞之前有時(shí)要加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，邏輯主語(yǔ)可用名詞的所有格或物主代詞，有時(shí)也可用名詞或賓格代詞。

Ican’timagineGeorgesailingacrosstheoceaninaboat.Mycomingbackhomelatemademymotherveryangry.三、分詞1.現(xiàn)在分詞的功能(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)以下動(dòng)詞后可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：see，hear，notice，observe，watch，listento，lookat，have，keep，leave，find，catch，feel等。Shekeptmewaitingforover20minutes.【注】如果句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，那么現(xiàn)在分詞那么變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Theboywascaughtcheatingintheexam.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)Themovieisveryboring.(3)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常表示與先行詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Thetaxitakingustotheairportbrokedown.【注】

beingdone形式表示正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，且與先行詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

Thehousebeingbuiltwillserveasalibrary.

正在建的那座房子將作為圖書(shū)館用。

(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)①現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。此時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ)，而且現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間一般具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

Thecupdroppedtotheground，breakingintopieces.Jackcamerunningover.【注】如果現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)，就要用分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

Weatherpermitting，we’llplaygolfthisafternoon.Weexploredthecave，Peteractingasaguide.②現(xiàn)在分詞還可作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度，此時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)。常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)法有：generallyspeaking“一般來(lái)說(shuō)”；franklyspeaking“坦白地說(shuō)”；judgingfrom...“根據(jù)……

來(lái)判斷”；considering...“考慮到……”等。

Consideringthedistance，hearrivedveryquickly.2.現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般時(shí)doingbeingdone完成時(shí)havingdonehavingbeendoneNotknowingheraddress，Iwasn’tabletocontacther.IsawhimbeingtakenawaywhenIpassedbyhishouse.Havingboughtourtickets，wewentintothetheatre.Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.3.過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞一般在句中作賓補(bǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，通常表示已完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或一種狀態(tài)。

You’dbetterhavethetelevisionrepaired.Someofthepeopleinvitedtothepartycan’tcome.Theteachercameintothelab，followedbysomestudents.Givenachance，Icansurprisetheworld.Hestoodinfrontoftheroomwithhisarmsfolded.四、不定式被動(dòng)式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)1.過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作或是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，或是沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。

HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

Listen！Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.3.不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示一個(gè)未來(lái)的動(dòng)作。Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.五、分詞、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1.感官動(dòng)詞(see，watch，observe，lookat，hear，listento，notice等)和使役動(dòng)詞have后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動(dòng)詞(不帶to的不定式)，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)或完成，動(dòng)詞原形表主動(dòng)和完成。IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.剛剛我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她唱了一首英文歌。IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.昨天經(jīng)過(guò)她房間時(shí)，我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在唱英文歌。IheardtheEnglishsongsungmanytimes.我屢次聽(tīng)到有人唱這首英文歌。2.leave后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，意為“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”。sb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事〔賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行〕sth.undone留下某事未做leave〔賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，一般以u(píng)ndone.unfinished,unsettled,untouched為多〕sb.todosth.留下某人做某事sth.tobedone留下某事要做〔不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作〕It’swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched，becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.Heleft，leavingmetodoalltherestwork.3.have，get后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中have，get表示“使、讓、叫”之意?！?〕havesth.done＝getsth.done“使/讓某事由別人去做”。I’llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.【注】havesth.done還表示“使遭受……”之意。Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.【注】“havesb.doing”假設(shè)用于否認(rèn)句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourparentslikethat.Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt.Ican’tgethimtostopsmoking.Hewon’tlistentome.六、注意以下表達(dá)的意義區(qū)別過(guò)關(guān)落實(shí)1.—Thelastone________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

解析：不定式toarrive作thelastone的后置定語(yǔ)，表示“最后來(lái)的那個(gè)人”。答案：C2.Ismellsomething________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)“聞到某物正在燃燒”，選擇v.-ing形式，且此處burn為不及物動(dòng)詞，因此不用被動(dòng)形式。答案：A3.Atthebeginningoftheclass，thenoiseofdesks________couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose解析：句中意為“桌子(抽屜)正在被翻開(kāi)、關(guān)上的聲音”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，用beingdone。答案：C4.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless________everyday.A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater

解析：unlesswatered作條件狀語(yǔ)，表示條件，water因和主語(yǔ)

(theflowers)為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞形式。答案：A5.Asaresultoftheseriousflood，two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea________.A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair

解析：主語(yǔ)中分?jǐn)?shù)修飾的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)(thebuildings)，故排除

B、C；needdoing等于needtobedone，表示被動(dòng)。答案：A6.Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad________homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking解析：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難，固定句型，在本句中difficulty提前了。答案：D7.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking解析：regret＋v.-ing形式表示懊悔做過(guò)某事；v.-ing形式的否定式在其前面加not。答案：D8.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft，themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched

解析：havingbeenlaunched等于whichhasbeenlaunched，表示“已經(jīng)被發(fā)射”。答案：B9.—Comeon，pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withso