2024屆高三英語高考模擬風(fēng)向卷新高考I卷03解析版

2024屆高三英語高考模擬風(fēng)向卷03（新高考=1\*ROMANI卷）（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。寫在本試卷上無效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。4．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）注意回答聽力部分時，請先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音部分結(jié)束前，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whywastheofferrefused?A．Itwasn’tfitforthemarket. B．Itwasratherlow. C．Itwasabithigh.【答案】C【原文】W:I’mdisappointedthatEverestdidnotacceptouroffer.M:Thedirectorovertherethoughtitwasn’tlowenough.W:Accordingtoourresearch,itwasgenerousbymarketstandards.2．Wherearethespeakersnow?A．Inthestreet. B．Inthechemist’s. C．Inthetouristoffice.【答案】A【原文】W:Excuseme.I’mlookingforthetouristoffice.M:Oh,it’sjustaroundthecorner.Gostraightaheadandtakethethirdturningontheright.Thetouristofficeisbetweenthechemist’sandthehotel.W:OK.Thankyou.3．Whenisthepopshow?A．At7:30. B．At8:20. C．At8:30.【答案】A【原文】M:ShallwewatchTVtonight?W:Allright.What’sontonight?M:ApopshowonChannelSixisat7:30.Thenat8:20thereisawestern.4．Whatwillthemandotostaywarm?A．Putonablanket. B．Turnontheheater. C．Drinkhotchocolate.【答案】A【原文】M:It’sverycoldhere.I’mgoingtoturntheheaterontowarmthisplaceupalittle.W:WhydoyouthinkI’mdrinkinghotchocolate?Here,takethisblanket.Theheaterisn’tworkingrightnow.5．Whatisthewomanbusydoing?A．PickingupherFrench. B．Packingupforhertrip.C．Makingastudyplan. D．ApplyingforavisatoFrance.【答案】A【原文】M:So,that’swhat’sbeenkeepingyousobusyrecently!W:Yes,I’vebeentiedupwithmystudies.YouknowI’mplanningtogotoFrancesoon,butI’mabitnervousaboutmyFrench.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6．WhatisthemangoingtoCanadafor?A．Research. B．Furtherstudy. C．Sightseeing.7．Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A．Buyasuitcase. B．Packclothes. C．Preparematerials.【答案】6．A7．A【原文】W:WhatareyougoingtodoinCanada?M:MylabisworkingtogetherwitharesearchstationinCanadasoIwillworkthereforalongtime.W:Howlongwillittake?M:Threemonths,probably.It’lldependonhoweverythingisgoing.W:It’scoldthere.Youmayneedsomeheavyclothes.Oh,thissuitcaseisprobablytoosmall.M:Don’tworry!Idomostoftheworkinthelab.ButIdoneedalargesuitcase.I’lltakealotofresearchmaterialswithme.W:Sowhydon’twegototheshoptogetalargersuitcase?M:OK.Let’sgo.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8．Whatisthemandoingonhiscomputer?A．Watchingamovie. B．Listeningtoabook. C．Enjoyingsomemusic.9．Howoftenisthereadingpostedonthewebsite?A．Monthly. B．Weekly. C．Daily.10．WhatisDanielRadcliffe?A．Adirector. B．Awriter. C．Anactor.【答案】8．B9．B10．C【原文】W:Areyoulisteningtoanymusiconyourcomputer?M:No.IstartedlisteningtothebookHarryPotteramonthago.W:Ilovethisbook.M:ThenwhynotlistentoitontheHarryPotterwebsite?Eachweekafamouspersonreadsoutloudanewchapterofthebook.Thenitispostedonthewebsite.W:That’sgreat.So,whoreadthefirstchapterofthebook?M:It’sDanielRadcliffe,themanwhostarredHarryPotterintheHarryPottermovies.W:Oh,really?NowIjustcannotwaittolistentohisreading.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11．WhatdoesBeckylikeaboutlivingwithherparents?A．Theyhaveabighouse.B．Theycookmealsforher.C．Theypayallherexpenses.12．WhatdoesEthansuggestBeckydoregardinghermother?A．Havepatience.B．Providecompany.C．Expressgratitude.13．WhyisEthanconcernedabouthisparentslivingontheirown?A．Theymayfeellonely.B．Theymayfailtogetalong.C．Theymayhaveanemergency.【答案】11．B12．A13．C【原文】W:Ethan,haveyouthoughtaboutgettingyourownhouse?M:Yeah.ButI’mconvincedmyparentslovehavingmeback.Whataboutyou?W:Um...Notsureyet.Rightnow,Ienjoygettingmymealscookedformeeveryday.M:Doyoupayacontributiontothehouse?W:Ofcourse,Ido.Butit’sstillmuchlessthanIwouldpaytoliveinmyownflat.Right?M:Obviously.W:TheonlythingIdon’tlikeisthatmymomwantstoknoweverypartofmylife.Becky,whatareyoudoingtomorrow?Where?Withwhom?Thesamequestionseveryday.M:Momsarelikethat.Theyaskbecausetheycare.You’vegottobepatientwiththem.Myparentsaskthosequestionstoo,butImaynotmoveoutsoon.Thethoughtofleavingthemfillsmewithfear.Whatifoneofthemfallsover?Whatiftheybothhaveafalltogether?W:Thatwouldbeterrible.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14．A．Togetadriver’slicense. B．Torefreshhisdrivingskills.C．Toreviewhisdrivingknowledge. D．Totesthisdrivingskills.15．A．Inanopenparkinglot. B．Intheneighborhood.C．Inthecarforadrivingtest. D．Inanexaminationroom.16．A．Healmosthitapedestrian. B．Hedidn’tsignalhisturn.C．Hedrovefasterthanhewasallowed. D．Alloftheabovemistakes.17．A．ComeonFridayorMondaynexttime. B．Havemorepractice.C．Takethetestwithanotherofficer. D．Gethiscarchecked.【答案】14．A15．C16．D17．B【原文】W:Ok,Mr.Smith.Areyouready?Let’sbeginyourroadtest.M:Yes,Iamready.I’vebeenpracticingalltheweek.W:Right.AsI’msureyouareawareoftherequirementsofthetest.Youwillnotonlybetestedonyourknowledgeoftherulesoftheroad,butonyourbehaviortowardsothermotorists.M:Yeah,Iknow.Shallwegonow?W:Ok.Goaheadandtakeiteasy.M:Thanks.W:Whoa!Lookatthespeedlimitsign.Thespeedlimitinthisbusinessdistrictisonly25milesanhour.M:Sorry,Ididn’tnoticeit.W:Now,turnrightatthenextcorner.Nothere!Wow!Youforgottosignal,too!M:Gosh.Iforgot.W:Forgetit.Justkeepdriving.M:So,howamIdoing?CanIjusttakeaglanceatyournotes?W:No!Watchout.Mr.Smith.You’redrivingtooclosetothevehicleinfrontofus.M:Oh,yeah.I’mjustsoexcitedaboutgettingmylicensetoday.W:OK.Now,carefullyturnrighthere,andwait,wait.Stop!Youalmosthitthatpedestrian.Howonearthdidyoupassthewrittentestanyway?Youhavetogivewaytoanypedestrianscrossingthestreet.M:Oh,sorryaboutthat.Itwon’thappenagain.W:

Now,drivecarefullybacktomyoffice.M:DoesthismeanIdidn’tpassthetest?W:No,youdidn’t.I’mafraidyoufailedtoday.Pleasekeeppracticingandcomebackuntilyouarequitefamiliarwiththerulesoftheroad.M:Thankyou.Iwillpracticeandcomeback.W:Youarewelcomeanytimeontheweekdays,butMondayandFridayarequitebusy.M:Thanks.Igotit.Questions:17.Whydidthemantakethetest?18.Wheredidtheconversationtakeplace?19.Whatmistakedidthemanmake?20.Whatdidthewomansuggestthemandointheend?聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18．Whatwerethecollegestudentsinbothgroupsrequiredtodointhestudy?A．Toinstallsomeaudioequipmentinalab. B．Totesttheireyesightusingaphoneapp.C．Tosendsmartphonemessages. D．Tosolvewordsearchpuzzles.19．Whatdowelearnaboutmanyofthestudentsinthesecondtestgroupafterthephonerang?A．Theynolongerconcentratedontheirtask. B．Theydidn’tgoonuntiltheringingstopped.C．Theycalledbackrightaway. D．Theywantedtoanswerthephone.20．Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostdramaticimpactofusingsmartphones?A．Adeclineinsportsactivities. B．Ariseinemotionalproblems.C．Adeclineinacademicperformance. D．Areductionintheamountofsleep.【答案】18．D19．A20．D【原文】Inarecentstudycarriedoutbypsychologistsontheseriouseffectsofsmartphones,twogroupsofcollegestudentsweregivenwordsearchpuzzles.Thefirstgroupwastoldtocompletethepuzzleswithitsparticipants,smartphones,intheirlineofsight.Thesecondgroup,however,wastoldthatthephoneswouldinterferewithequipmentintheexperimentandwouldneedtobemovedawayfromthetestingarea.Midwaythroughthesecondgroup’ssolvingofthepuzzles,theexperimentcalledoneofthephones“l(fā)etitringforawhilebeforehangingup”.Manyofthestudentsinthatgroupwereunabletofocusfromthenon,becominganxiousandperformingmorepoorlythanthefirstgroup.Useofelectronicshasalsobeenknowntoleadtoadeclineinhumaninteractionsratherthanhavingreallifeconversations,andmanyexpressemotionsandengageindeepconversationsthroughsocialmediasites.Manystudentsusesmartphonesandcomputerswhentheypassnon-academicexams,whichleadstopoorgrades.Perhapsthemostdramaticimpactisthereductionontheamountofsleep,whichleadstopoorhealthandweightgain.Technologyisagreattool.However,it’simportanttorecognizeitsdownsides.Lackofsleep,reductionofproductivityandweightgainareonlyafew.Ifwearenotcarefulaboutalltheseminorproblemsrightnow,effectonthefuturegenerationisgoingtobemuchbigger.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ARomecanbeexpensivefortravelers,whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel(旅社).YellowHostelIfIhadtomakejustonerecommendationforwheretostayinRome,itwouldbeYellowHostel.It’soneofthebesthostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.It’saffordable,andit’sfunwithoutbeingtoonoisy.Asanaddedadvantage,it’sclosetothemaintrainstation.HostelAlessandroPalaceIfyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguests.There’salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.YouthStationHostelIfyou’relookingforacleanandmodernhostel,looknofurtherthanYouthStation.Itoffersbeautifulfurnishings(家具陳設(shè)).Thereareplentyofotherbenefits,too:itdoesn’tchargecitytax;ithasbothairconditioningandaheaterfortherooms;italsohasfreeWi-Fiineveryroom.HotelandHostelDesArtistesHotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjusta10-minutewalkfromthecentralcitystationandit’sclosetoallofthecity’smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,whowillofferyouamapofthecitywhenyouarrive,andadviceifyourequiresome.However,youneedtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi.21．Whatisthemajorconcernoftravelerswhochoosetostayinahostel?A．Comfort. B．Safety. C．Price. D．Location.22．Whichhotelbestsuitspeopleenjoyinganactivesociallife?A．YellowHostel.B．HostelAlessandroPalace.C．YouthStationHostel.D．HotelandHostelDesArtistes.23．WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?A．Itgetsnoisyatnight. B．Itsstaffistootalkative.C．ItchargesforWi-Fi. D．It’sinconvenientlylocated.【答案】21．C22．B23．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了旅游城市羅馬幾個熱門的酒店，它們有不同的風(fēng)格，供您選擇。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第一句“Romecanbeexpensivefortravelers,whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel(旅社).”（羅馬對游客來說很貴，這就是為什么許多人選擇住在旅館的原因。）可知，旅游的人選擇住旅社是因?yàn)閮r格原因。故選C項(xiàng)。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HostelAlessandroPalace中“Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguests.There’salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.”（如果你喜歡社會旅館，這是你在羅馬最好的旅館。旅館亞歷山德羅宮殿是有趣的。工作人員為客人舉辦了大量的酒吧活動。屋頂上還有一個區(qū)域，可以在夏天與其他游客一起閑逛。）可知，在這個旅館會有大量的社交活動，因此適合熱衷于社交的旅客。故選B項(xiàng)。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HotelandHostelDesArtistes中“However,youneedtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi.”（不過，你需要每天支付2歐元的Wi-Fi使用費(fèi)。）可知，這個酒店的缺點(diǎn)是需要付費(fèi)才能上網(wǎng)。故選C項(xiàng)。BTheNobelPrizeisconsideredasoneofthemostrecognizableandadmirableawardspossible,honoringpeopleoftheworldfortheiroutstandingachievementsindifferentfields.AlfredNobelwasbornin1833toafamilyofengineersinStockholm,Sweden.In1850,hemetAscanioSobrero,theinventorofnitroglycerin(硝酸甘油)inParis.Interestedinitsunpredictablenatureofexplodingunderpressureorheat,Nobelstartedtofindawaytocontrolitandmakeausableexplosive.Afteryearsofefforts,in1867,Nobelinventeddynamite,whichismucheasierandsafertocontrolthannitroglycerin.Duringhislifetime,Nobelinventedandpatentedvariousexplosives.Hebuiltuphiswealthfromhis355inventions,fromwhichdynamitewasthemostimportant.WhenAlfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedin1888,aFrenchnewspapermistakenlypublishedAlfred’sobituary(訃告).Readinghisownobituary,Nobelwasdisappointedtofindouthispublicimage.ThenewspaperstronglyblamedNobelforinventingdynamite,givinghimthenicknameof“themerchantofdeath”andsaying“Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecamerichbyfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday.”ToAlfred,thisobituarywasawarning.Hespenthislifetimealoneinventingthingsandwasdeeplyconcernedwithhowhewouldberemembered.Thisunfortunateeventinspiredhimtomakechangesinhiswill,soastoimprovehispublicimage,andtoberememberedforagoodcause.In1895,oneyearbeforehisdeath,Nobelmadethelastwill,sayingclearlythathiswealthwouldbeusedtocreateaseriesofprizesforthosewhohavemadegreatcontributionstomankindinphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,andpeace.Towidespreadastonishment,Dr.AlfredNobelgaveaway94%ofhistotalwealthtofoundthefiveNobelPrizes.24．WhatledtoNobel’sinventionofdynamiteaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Thestrongdesiretomakemoney. B．Hisgreatcuriosityanddevotiontoscience.C．Hislifetimedreamofachievingsuccess. D．Thevaluablehelpfromhisfamily.25．WhendidNobelinventdynamite?A．34. B．40. C．42. D．55.26．WhatwasAlfredNobel’sattitudetowardsthenewspaper’sobituary?A．Optimistic. B．Satisfied. C．Upset. D．Supportive.27．WhydidNobelgiveawaymostofhiswealthtosetuptheNobelFoundation?A．Toberememberedas“themerchantofdeath”. B．Toprovetheimportanceofhisinventions.C．Topublishhisfindingsofscientificresearch. D．Toleaveagoodnametothepublic.【答案】24．B25．A26．C27．D【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇記敘文。主要介紹了諾貝爾一生發(fā)明了無數(shù)的爆炸物品，但是卻因此而受到了人們的詬病，為了提升自己的公眾形象，將自己一生大部分的財產(chǎn)捐獻(xiàn)了出去，成立基金獎勵在各行業(yè)做出突出貢獻(xiàn)的人。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Interestedinitsunpredictablenatureofexplodingunderpressureorheat,Nobelstartedtofindawaytocontrolitandmakeausableexplosive.Afteryearsofefforts,in1867,Nobelinventeddynamite,whichismucheasierandsafertocontrolthannitroglycerin.(諾貝爾對它在壓力或高溫下爆炸的不可預(yù)測的性質(zhì)很感興趣，他開始尋找控制它的方法，并制造出可用的炸藥。經(jīng)過多年的努力，諾貝爾在1867年發(fā)明了炸藥，它比硝酸甘油更容易控制，也更安全)”可知，對未知的大自然爆炸是極其感興趣的，說明他有好奇心；他經(jīng)過數(shù)年的不懈努力，終于發(fā)明了炸藥，可知，他對科學(xué)的執(zhí)著和投入促使了他發(fā)明了炸藥。由此可知，他對科學(xué)的好奇以及投入使得他發(fā)明了炸藥，故選B。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AlfredNobelwasbornin1833toafamilyofengineersinStockholm,Sweden.(阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾于1833年出生在瑞典斯德哥爾摩的一個工程師家庭)”以及“Afteryearsofefforts,in1867,Nobelinventeddynamite,whichismucheasierandsafertocontrolthannitroglycerin.(經(jīng)過多年的努力，諾貝爾在1867年發(fā)明了炸藥，它比硝酸甘油更容易控制，也更安全)”可知，諾貝爾1867-1833=34歲發(fā)明了炸藥。故選A。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Readinghisownobituary,Nobelwasdisappointedtofindouthispublicimage.(讀著自己的訃告，諾貝爾對自己的公眾形象感到失望)”可知，他看到自己的訃告時是很失望的、沮喪的。故選C。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisunfortunateeventinspiredhimtomakechangesinhiswill,soastoimprovehispublicimage,andtoberememberedforagoodcause.(這一不幸的事件促使他修改遺囑，以改善他的公眾形象，并為一項(xiàng)美好的事業(yè)而被人們記住)”可知，他捐贈自己的財產(chǎn)來設(shè)立諾貝爾基金會目的是為了給公眾留下好的形象，故選D。CDreamshavefascinatedpeopleforthousandsofyears,yetwestruggletounderstandtheirpurpose.Amorerecenttheorysuggestsnighttimedreamsprotectvisualareasofthebrainfrombeingtakenoverduringsleepbyothersensoryfunctions,suchashearingortouch.DavidEagle-man,aneuroscienceatStanfordUniversity,hasproposedtheideathatdreamingisnecessarytoprotectthevisualcortex(大腦皮層)—thepartofthebrainresponsibleforprocessingvision.Hearguesthatneurons(神經(jīng)元)competeforsurvival.Thebrain,Eagle-manexplains,distributesitsresourcesby“implementingado-or-diecompetition”forbrainterritoryinwhichsensoryareas“gainorloseneuralterritorywheninputsslow,stoporshift.”Eagle-manpointstopeoplewholosesightorhearing.Theyshowheightenedsensitivityintheremainingsensesbecausetheregionofthebrainnormallyusedbythelostsenseistakenoverbyothersenses.Whenyousleep,youcansmell,hearandfeel,butvisualinformationisabsent—exceptduringREMsleep.About90minutesafterdriftingofftosleep,youenterREM.Itbeginswhenneuronsinyourbrainstemsignalthebeginningoftwoimportanttasks.Activityoftheseneurons,forone,paralyzemajormuscles,preventingthesleeperfromactingoutwhatishappeninginthedream.Also,thesebraincellssendmessagesdirectlytothevisualcortex,whichstartsthedreamingprocess.ScansofdreamingpeopleshowmostofthebrainactivityassociatedwithREMiswithinthevisualcortex.Dreamsarethebrain’swayoffightingtakeoverfromothersenses,accordingtoEagle-man.Eagle-mansaysthathistheorycanaccommodateotherexplanationsfordreamsandthatREMsleepmayservemanypurposesbesidesprotectingthevisualcortex.Thinkofdreaminglikeacomputerscreensaverthatissettogooffevery90minutes—exceptthatinsteadofprotectingagainstfrozenimages,dreamspreventthevisualcortexfrombeingoccupiedbyotherfunctions.28．WhatisEagle-man’sprimarytheoryaboutdreams?A．Theystrengthensensoryfunctions. B．Theyprocessemotionalexperiences.C．Theysafeguardcertainbrainterritory. D．Theyheightenvisualresponsiveness.29．HowdoesEagle-maninterpretneurons’activityregardingresourcedistribution?A．Preciseselection. B．Desperatestruggle. C．Rapidadaptation. D．Harmoniousbalance.30．WhatdoweknowaboutREMsleep?A．Itlastsforabout90minutes. B．Itconsistsoftwocriticalstages.C．Itallowssleeperstoactouttheirdreams. D．Itstartswithbrainstem’ssignalingprocess.31．Whyaredreamscomparedtoacomputerscreensaver?A．Toshowtheircreativeaspect. B．Tohighlighttheirrandomness.C．Tosignifytheirrepetitivenature. D．Toillustratetheirprotectivefunction.【答案】28．C29．B30．D31．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。最近的一項(xiàng)理論認(rèn)為，夜間做夢可以保護(hù)大腦的視覺區(qū)域，使其在睡眠中不被聽覺或觸覺等其他感官功能接管。文章主要介紹了人為什么要做夢。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Amorerecenttheorysuggestsnighttimedreamsprotectvisualareasofthebrainfrombeingtakenoverduringsleepbyothersensoryfunctions,suchashearingortouch.(最近的一項(xiàng)理論認(rèn)為，夜間做夢可以保護(hù)大腦的視覺區(qū)域，使其在睡眠中不被聽覺或觸覺等其他感官功能接管)”可知，人做夢是為了防止大腦的視覺區(qū)域被其他感官控制。故選C。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Hearguesthatneurons(神經(jīng)元)competeforsurvival.Thebrain,Eagle-manexplains,distributesitsresourcesby“implementingado-or-diecompetition”forbrainterritoryinwhichsensoryareas“gainorloseneuralterritorywheninputsslow,stoporshift.”(他認(rèn)為神經(jīng)元為生存而競爭。伊格爾曼解釋說，大腦通過“一場生死競爭”來分配它的資源，在這種競爭中，當(dāng)輸入變慢、停止或轉(zhuǎn)移時，感覺區(qū)域“獲得或失去神經(jīng)區(qū)域”)”可知，Eagle-man認(rèn)為神經(jīng)元為資源分配而努力競爭。故選B。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Also,thesebraincellssendmessagesdirectlytothevisualcortex,whichstartsthedreamingprocess.(同時，這些腦細(xì)胞直接向視覺皮層發(fā)送信息，從而開始做夢的過程)”可知，快速眼動睡眠從腦干的信號傳導(dǎo)過程開始。故選D。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Eagle-mansaysthathistheorycanaccommodateotherexplanationsfordreamsandthatREMsleepmayservemanypurposesbesidesprotectingthevisualcortex.Thinkofdreaminglikeacomputerscreensaverthatissettogooffevery90minutes—exceptthatinsteadofprotectingagainstfrozenimages,dreamspreventthevisualcortexfrombeingoccupiedbyotherfunctions.(伊格爾曼說，他的理論可以適應(yīng)對夢的其他解釋，除了保護(hù)視覺皮層外，快速眼動睡眠可能還有許多用途。把夢想象成每隔90分鐘響起一次的電腦屏幕保護(hù)程序——只不過夢不是防止畫面凝固，而是防止視覺皮層被其他功能占用)”可知，電腦屏保的作用和夢的作用一樣。故選D。DDenmarkisthelargestproducerofoilandgasintheEuropeanUnion,whichdoesnotincludeNorwayandtheUK,twocountriesthatarelargerproducers.In2016,Denmarkproduced145,674barrelsofoilperday.That’swhytheDanishgovernment’sdecisiontoendalloilandgasexplorationintheNorthSeaissuchabigdeal.Denmarkwillstopextracting(提煉)fossilfuelsfromthe55existingoilandgasplatformsintheseaattheendof2050.Thefutureoftheseoffshoreoilandgasrigs(鉆塔)wasuncertainafterDenmarkagreedtoaveryambitiousclimatetargetin2019,toreducegreenhouseemissionsby70percentin2030andtobeingcompletelyclimateneutral20yearslater.TheDanishgovernmentestimatedthatthisnewpolicywillamountto$2.147billioninlostrevenue(財政收入).ItistheoilandgasindustriesintheNorthSeathatmadeDenmarkoneoftherichestcountriesaswellasoneofthehappiest.But,forlast10years,thecountryhasfocusedoncleanenergyincludingoffshorewindfarms.Denmarkisnotthefirstcountrytoendoilandgasexploration,thattitlegoestoFrance,butitisthefirstmajorfossilfuelproducingoneandthisdecisionisbeingapplaudedbyenvironmentalgroups.“Thisiswhatclimateleadershiplookslike,”MelEvans,aclimatecampaignerforGreenpeaceUK,said.“AlleyeswillbeontheUKnextyearaswehostcrucialclimatetalks,soourprimeministershouldtakenote.”WhileitisunknowniftheUKwillfollow,Denmark’sdecisionisstillahugevictoryinthefightagainstclimatechangeandwillgoalongwaytomeetingthe2015ParisAgreementtokeepglobalwarmingbelow2degreesCelsius.Hopefullymorecountrieswillfollow.32．WhathasDanmarkpaidmoreattentiontointherecentdecade?A．Gasandoil. B．Happiness. C．Agriculturalfarms. D．Cleanenergy.33．WhatcanweinferfromwhatMelEvanssaid?A．Heparticipatedinclimatetalks. B．HethinkshighlyofDenmark’sdecision.C．TheUKisboundtofollowDenmark’sexample. D．ClimatetalkswillinfluencethefutureofBritain.34．What’stheauthor’sattitudetoDenmark’sdecisiontoendalloilexploration?A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Skeptical. D．Unclear.35．What’sthesuitabletitleforthetext?A．OilandGasExplorationBenefitsDenmark B．Denmark’sNewDecisionSurprisestheWorldC．DenmarkProducesOilandGasinEuropeMost D．DenmarkWillEndNewExplorationinNorthSea【答案】32．D33．B34．A35．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了丹麥政府決定在2050年底停止在北海的石油和天然氣勘探開采，以配合其2019年制定的雄心勃勃的氣候目標(biāo)。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“But,forlast10years,thecountryhasfocusedoncleanenergyincludingoffshorewindfarms.(但是，在過去的10年里，該國一直專注于清潔能源，包括海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電場)”可知，近十年來丹麥更關(guān)注的是清潔能源。故選D項(xiàng)。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中““Thisiswhatclimateleadershiplookslike,”MelEvans,aclimatecampaignerforGreenpeaceUK,said.“AlleyeswillbeontheUKnextyearaswehostcrucialclimatetalks,soourprimeministershouldtakenote.”(“這就是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)氣候變化的樣子，”英國綠色和平組織的氣候活動人士梅爾·埃文斯說?！懊髂晁械哪抗舛紝⒓性谟?，因?yàn)槲覀儗⑴e辦重要的氣候談判，所以我們的首相應(yīng)該注意到這一點(diǎn)。”)”可推知，梅爾·埃文斯認(rèn)為丹麥的決定體現(xiàn)了擔(dān)當(dāng)，是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)氣候變化該有的樣子，對丹麥的決定高度評價。故選B項(xiàng)。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中作者的評述“WhileitisunknowniftheUKwillfollow,Denmark’sdecisionisstillahugevictoryinthefightagainstclimatechangeandwillgoalongwaytomeetingthe2015ParisAgreementtokeepglobalwarmingbelow2degreesCelsius.Hopefullymorecountrieswillfollow.(雖然尚不清楚英國是否會效仿，但丹麥的決定仍然是應(yīng)對氣候變化的巨大勝利，并將大大有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)2015年《巴黎協(xié)定》，將全球變暖控制在2攝氏度以下。希望更多的國家效仿)”可知，作者認(rèn)為丹麥停止所有石油勘探的決定是應(yīng)對氣候變化的巨大勝利，并希望更多的國家效仿，說明作者對其持支持態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。35．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“That’swhytheDanishgovernment’sdecisiontoendalloilandgasexplorationintheNorthSeaissuchabigdeal.(這就是為什么丹麥政府決定停止在北海的所有石油和天然氣勘探是一件大事)”和第二段中“Thefutureoftheseoffshoreoilandgasrigs(鉆塔)wasuncertainafterDenmarkagreedtoaveryambitiousclimatetargetin2019,toreducegreenhouseemissionsby70percentin2030andtobeingcompletelyclimateneutral20yearslater.(丹麥在2019年同意了一項(xiàng)雄心勃勃的氣候目標(biāo)，即到2030年將溫室氣體排放量減少70%，并在20年后完全實(shí)現(xiàn)氣候中和，此后這些海上石油和天然氣鉆井平臺的未來就變得不確定了)”可知，文章報道了丹麥政府決定在2050年底停止在北海的石油和天然氣勘探開采，以配合其2019年制定的雄心勃勃的氣候目標(biāo)，所以“DenmarkWillEndNewExplorationinNorthSea(丹麥將停止北海新勘探)”概括了本文內(nèi)容，是文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Gettingandstayingfocusedcanbeachallengeeveninthebestoftimes.Butwitheverythinggoingonintheworld,concentratingcanoftenfeeldown-rightimpossible.Belowaresometipstohelpyoufindyourflow.Distract(使分心)yourbrain.Scheduleintoeveryworkdaysomebreaksfromallthatfocusingandallowyourmindtotravelintowhat’scalledthe“default(默認(rèn)的)modenetwork”forabitoffreestyleactivities.36.It’stheplacewhereourmindsfindinnovationandcreativityandoftenmakebetterdecisionsthanthefocusedmind.37.Thisinvolvesfirstturningyourattentioninward.Trytravelingwithyourmindtosomeplaceenjoyable—maybeit’sawalkthroughanimaginaryforestorsunbathingonawarmsandybeach.Doingthisseveraltimesadaycanofferyourmindafreshapproachtothejobathand.Blockinterruptionsbeforedivingintodeepwork.38.Tohelp,turnofftextmessaging,notificationsandsocialmediaalerts.Bevitalwhenyouwantadeepdiveintofocus.Yourimportantworkbenefitswhenyoushutofforputawayyourphoneandotherscreens.Knowyourbodyclock.Whetheryouaresharpinthemorningoranightowl,don’tspendyourday—inparticularyourpeakbrainhours—doingbusywork.39.Trynewhobbies.Engaginginhobbiesnotonlyisfunbutcanhelpuscomeupwithnewsolutionstoproblemswe’refacingatworkorhome.40.A．TrytodaydreamwhathappenedB．WetrytoobtainfocusbutinvainC．EngageinpositiveconstructivedaydreamingD．Instead,reserveyourbestbraintimeforthebigstuffE．ThisnetworkofthebraincircuitiswheremagichappensF．Ourdaysarefilledwithdistractions,fromothersandourselvesG．Allowingyourmindtimetoplayisanotherwaytoinviteinnovation【答案】36．E37．C38．F39．D40．G【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了幾種提高注意力的方法。36．上文“Scheduleintoeveryworkdaysomebreaksfromallthatfocusingandallowyourmindtotravelintowhat’scalledthe“default(默認(rèn)的)modenetwork”forabitoffreestyleactivities.(在每個工作日安排一些休息時間，讓你的大腦進(jìn)入所謂的‘默認(rèn)模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)’”，進(jìn)行一些自由活動。)”建議在每個工作日安排一些休息時間，讓大腦進(jìn)入“默認(rèn)模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)”；E選項(xiàng)“Thisnetworkofthebraincircuitiswheremagichappens(這個大腦回路網(wǎng)絡(luò)就是奇跡發(fā)生的地方)”承接上文，對大腦的“默認(rèn)模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)”進(jìn)一步闡述，選線中的“Thisnetwork”指代上文中的“default(默認(rèn)的)modenetwork”。故選E。37．句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，設(shè)空處此段為主旨句；下文“Thisinvolvesfirstturningyourattentioninward.Trytravelingwithyourmindtosomeplaceenjoyable—maybeit’sawalkthroughanimaginaryforestorsunbathingonawarmsandybeach.Doingthisseveraltimesadaycanofferyourmindafreshapproachtothejobathand.(這包括首先將你的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)部。試著帶著你的思想去一個令人愉快的地方旅行——也許是在想象中的森林里散步，或者在溫暖的沙灘上曬日光浴。)”建議想象自己去一個令人愉快的地方旅行，比如想象中的森林里散步，或者在溫暖的沙灘上曬太陽；C選項(xiàng)“Engageinpositiveconstructivedaydreaming(做一些積極的、有建設(shè)性的白日夢)”能夠概括本段主旨，適合作為主旨句。故選C。38．本段主旨句“Blockinterruptionsbeforedivingintodeepwork.(在投入工作之前屏蔽干擾)”指出投入工作之前要屏蔽干擾；下文“Tohelp,turnofftextmessaging,notificationsandsocialmediaalerts.(為了有所幫助，關(guān)閉短信、通知和社交媒體提醒。)”指出關(guān)閉短信、通知和社交媒體提醒等會幫助屏蔽干擾，提高注意力；F選項(xiàng)“Ourdaysarefilledwithdistractions,fromothersandourselves(我們的生活充滿了干擾，來自他人和自己)”