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八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法匯總1、leave1.“l(fā)eave地點(diǎn)”表示“離開(kāi)某地”。例如:When

did

you

leave

Shanghai?

你什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)上海的?2.“l(fā)eavefor地點(diǎn)”表示“動(dòng)身去某地”。例如:

Next

Friday,

Alice

is

leaving

for

London.

下周五,愛(ài)麗斯要去倫敦了。3.“l(fā)eave地點(diǎn)for地點(diǎn)”表示“離開(kāi)某地去某地”。例如:

Why

are

you

leaving

Shanghai

for

Beijing?

你為什么要離開(kāi)上海去北京?2、shouldshould作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有“竟會(huì)”的意思,例如:

HowshouldIknow?我怎么知道?Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今天為什么來(lái)得這么晚?should有時(shí)表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做或發(fā)生的事,例如:

Weshouldhelpeachother.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。

我們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.用于表示“應(yīng)該”或“不應(yīng)該”的概念。此時(shí)常指長(zhǎng)輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩。例如:

Youshouldbeherewithcleanhands.你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來(lái)。

2.用于提出意見(jiàn)勸導(dǎo)別人。例如:

Youshouldgotothedoctorifyoufeelill.如果你感覺(jué)不舒服,你最好去看醫(yī)生。3.用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一。例如:

Weshouldarrivebysuppertime.我們?cè)谕盹埱熬湍艿搅恕?/p>

Sheshouldbehereanymoment.她隨時(shí)都可能來(lái)。3、what與which

1.what與which都是疑問(wèn)代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)職業(yè)。如:Whatisyourfather?你父親是干什么的?

該句相當(dāng)于:

What

does

your

father

do?

What

is

your

father's

job?

Which指代的是特定范圍內(nèi)的某一個(gè)人。如:

WhichisPeter?哪個(gè)是皮特?

TheboybehindMary.瑪麗背后的那個(gè)男孩。2.What...?是泛指,所指的事物沒(méi)有范圍的限制;而Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范圍的限制。如:

What

color

do

you

like

best?

(所有顏色)

你最喜愛(ài)什么顏色?Which

color

do

you

like

best,

blue,

green

or

yellow?

(有特定的范圍)

你最喜愛(ài)哪一種顏色?3.what與which后都可以接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如:

Which

pictures

are

from

China?

哪些圖片來(lái)自中國(guó)?4、頻度副詞1.常見(jiàn)的頻度副詞有以下這些:always(總是,一直)

usually(通常)

often(常常,經(jīng)常)

sometimes(有時(shí)候)

never(從不)

2.頻度副詞的位置:

a.放在連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。如:

David

is

often

arrives

late

for

school.

大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。b.放在行為動(dòng)詞前。如:

We

usually

go

to

school

at

7:10

every

day.

我們每天經(jīng)常在7:10去上學(xué)。c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如:

Sometimes

I

walk

home,

sometime

I

rides

a

bike.

有時(shí)我步行回家,有時(shí)我騎自行車(chē)。3.never放在句首時(shí),主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要倒裝。如:

Never

have

I

been

there.

5、everyday與everyday1.everyday作狀語(yǔ),譯為“每一天”。如:We

go

to

school

at

7:10

every

day.

我們每天7:10去上學(xué)。

I

decide

to

read

English

every

day.

我決定每天讀英語(yǔ)。2.everyday作定語(yǔ),譯為“日常的”。

She

watches

everyday

English

on

TV

after

dinner.

她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語(yǔ)。What's

your

everyday

activity?

你的日?;顒?dòng)是什么?6、助動(dòng)詞1.協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞(AuxiliaryVerb)。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱(chēng)作主要?jiǎng)釉~(MainVerb)。助動(dòng)詞自身沒(méi)有詞義,不可單獨(dú)使用,例如:Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜歡英語(yǔ)。

(doesn't是助動(dòng)詞,無(wú)詞義;like是主要?jiǎng)釉~,有詞義)

2.助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用,可以用來(lái):

a.表示時(shí)態(tài),例如:

Heissinging.他在唱歌。

Hehasgotmarried.他已結(jié)婚。

b.表示語(yǔ)態(tài),例如:

HewassenttoEngland.他被派往英國(guó)。

c.構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句,例如:

Doyoulikecollegelife?你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎?

DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?你來(lái)這兒之前學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)嗎?

d.與否定副詞not合用,構(gòu)成否定句,例如:

Idon'tlikehim.我不喜歡他。e.加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,例如:

Docometothepartytomorrowevening.明天晚上一定來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。

Hedidknowthat.他的確知道那件事。3.最常用的助動(dòng)詞有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would7、forgetdoing/todo與rememberdoing/todo1.forgettodo忘記要去做某事。(未做)

forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)某事。

(已做)

The

light

in

the

office

is

still

on.

He

forgot

to

turn

it

off.

辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)

He

forgot

turning

the

light

off.

他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。

(

已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)

Don't

forget

to

come

tomorrow.

別忘了明天來(lái)。

(tocome動(dòng)作未做)

典型例題Thelight

in

the

office

is

still

on.

Oh,I

forgot___.

A.

turning

it

off

B.

turn

it

off

C.

to

turn

it

off

D.

having

turned

it

off

答案:C。由thelightisstillon可知燈亮著,即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生,因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了,而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。

2.remember

to

do

記得去做某事

(未做)

remember

doing

記得做過(guò)某事

(已做)

Remember

to

go

to

the

post

office

after

school.

記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Don't

you

remember

seeing

the

man

before?你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?

8、It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.1.forsb.

常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn),表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)是很難的。2.of

sb

的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。

It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你來(lái)幫助我,你真是太好了。

3.for與of的辨別方法:

用介詞后面的代詞作主語(yǔ),用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語(yǔ),造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如:

Youarenice.(通順,所以應(yīng)用of)。

Heishard.(人是困難的,不通,因此應(yīng)用for。)

9、對(duì)句子進(jìn)行提問(wèn)在命題中有將對(duì)句子劃線提問(wèn)這一題型取消的趨勢(shì),現(xiàn)在采取的作法是對(duì)一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行自由提問(wèn)。例如:句子:Theboyinbluehasthreepens.提問(wèn):1.Whohas

three

pens?

2.Which

boy

has

three

pens?

3.What

does

the

boy

in

blue

have?

4.How

many

pens

does

the

boy

in

blue

have?

很顯然,學(xué)生多了更多的回答角度,也體現(xiàn)了考試的靈活性。再如:句子:Heusuallygoestotheparkwithhisfriendsat8:00onSunday.提問(wèn):1.Whousuallygoestotheparkwithhisfriendsat8:00onSunday?2.Wheredoes

he

usually

go

with

his

friends

at

8:00

on

Sunday?

3.Whatdoes

he

usually

do

with

his

friends

at

8:00

on

Sunday?

4.With

whom

does

he

usually

go

to

the

park

at

8:00

on

Sunday?

5.What

time

does

he

usually

go

to

the

park

with

his

friends

on

Sunday?

6.When

does

he

usually

go

to

the

park

with

his

friends?

10、so、such與不定冠詞的使用1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用,結(jié)構(gòu)為“so形容詞a/an名詞”。如:He

is

so

funny

a

boy.

Jim

has

so

big

a

house.

2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用,結(jié)構(gòu)為“sucha/an形容詞名詞”。如:

It

is

such

a

nice

day.

That

was

such

an

interesting

story.

11、使用-ing分詞的幾種情況

1.在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如:He

is

watching

TV

in

the

room.

They

were

dancing

at

nine

o'clock

last

night.2.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:

There

is

a

boy

swimming

in

the

river.

3.在havefun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:

We

have

fun

learning

English

this

term.

They

had

problems

getting

to

the

top

of

the

mountain.

4.在介詞后面。如:

Thanks

for

helping

me.

Are

you

good

at

playing

basketball.

5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中:

enjoy

doing

sth

樂(lè)于做某事

finish

doing

sth

完成做某事

feel

like

doing

sth

想要做某事

stop

doing

sth

停止做某事

forget

doing

sth

忘記做過(guò)某事

go

on

doing

sth

繼續(xù)做某事

remember

doing

sth

記得做過(guò)某事

like

doing

sth

喜歡做某事

keep

sb

doing

sth

使某人一直做某事

find

sb

doing

sth

發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事

see/hear/watch

sb

doing

sth

看到/聽(tīng)到/觀看某人做某事

try

doing

sth

試圖做某事

need

doing

sth

需要做某事

prefer

doing

sth

寧愿做某事

mind

doing

sth

介意做某事

practice

doing

sth

練習(xí)做某事

be

busy

doing

sth

忙于做某事

can't

help

doing

sth

禁不住做某事

miss

doing

sth

錯(cuò)過(guò)做某事

12、單數(shù)1.主語(yǔ)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式,即可用“he,she,it”代替的。如:he,

she,

it

my

friend,

his

teacher,

our

classroom,

Tom,

Mary's

uncle

2.名詞有單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如:

man(單數(shù))men(復(fù)數(shù))

banana(單數(shù))bananas(復(fù)數(shù))

3.動(dòng)詞有原形,第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式,-ing分詞,過(guò)去式,過(guò)去分詞。如:

gogoesgoingwentgone

workworksworkingworkedworked

watchwatcheswatchingwatchedwatched

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用相應(yīng)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。如:The

boy

wants

to

be

a

sales

assistant.

Our

English

teacher

is

from

the

US.

Their

daughter

makes

her

breakfast

all

by

herself.

13、名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。I

名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如:

pearpears

hamburgerhamburgers

deskdesks

treetrees

2.以字母-s,-sh,-ch,-x結(jié)尾的名詞,詞尾加-es。如:

classclasses

dishdishes

watchwatches

boxboxes

3.以字母-o結(jié)尾的某些名詞,詞尾加-es。如:

potatopotatoes

tomatotomatoes

NegroNegroes

heroheroes

4.以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,將-y變?yōu)?i,再加-es。如:

familyfamilies

dictionarydictionaries

citycities

countrycountries

5.以字母-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v,再加-es。如:

halfhalves

leafleaves

thiefthieves

knifeknives

selfselves

wifewives

lifelives

wolfwolves

shelfshelves

loafloaves

但是:scarfscarves(fes)

roofroofs

serfserfs

gulfgulfs

chiefchiefs

proofproofs

beliefbeliefs

II

名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化

1.將-oo改為--ee。如:

footfeet

toothteeth

2.將-man改為-men。如:

manmen

womanwomen

policemanpolicemen

postmanpostmen

3.添加詞尾。如:

childchildren

4.單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如:

sheepsheep

deerdeer

fishfish

peoplepeople

5.表示“某國(guó)人”的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。即“中日瑞不變英法變,其它國(guó)把-s加后面”。如:

ChineseChinese

JapaneseJapanese

SwissSwiss

EnglishmanEnglishmen

FrenchmanFrenchmen

AmericanAmericans

AustralianAustralians

CanadianCanadians

KoreanKoreans

RussianRussians

IndianIndians

6.其它。如:

mousemice

apple

treeapple

trees

man

teachermen

teachers

14、雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的-ing分詞初中階段常見(jiàn)的有以下這些:1.let→letting

hit→hitting

打、撞

cut→cutting

切、割

get→getting

取、得到

sit→sitting

forget→forgetting

忘記

put→putting

set→setting

設(shè)置

babysit→babysitting

臨時(shí)受雇照顧嬰兒

2.shop→shopping

購(gòu)物

trip→tripping

stop→stopping

停止

drop→dropping

放棄

3.travel→travel(l)ing

旅游

swim→swimming

游泳

run→running

跑步

dig→digging

挖、掘

begin→beginning

開(kāi)始

prefer→preferring

寧愿

plan→planning

計(jì)劃

15、肯定句變否定句及疑問(wèn)句要變化的一些詞1.some變?yōu)閍ny。如:There

are

some

birds

in

the

tree.

→There

aren't

any

birds

in

the

tree.

但是,若在表示請(qǐng)邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求的句子中,some可以不變。如:

Would

you

like

some

orange

juice?

與此相關(guān)的一些不定代詞如something,somebody等也要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化。2.and變?yōu)閛r。如:

I

have

a

knife

and

a

ruler.

→I

don't

have

a

knife

or

a

ruler.

3.alotof(=lotsof)變?yōu)閙any或much。如:

They

have

a

lot

of

friends.(可數(shù)名詞)

→They

don't

have

many

friends.

There

is

lots

of

orange

in

the

bottle.(不可數(shù)名詞)

→There

isn't

much

orange

in

the

bottle.

4.already變?yōu)閥et。如:

I

have

been

there

already.

→I

haven't

been

there

yet.

16、in與afterin與after都可以表示時(shí)間,但二者有所區(qū)別。1.in經(jīng)常用于將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中,以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn),表示將來(lái)一段時(shí)間。如:

He

will

leave

for

Beijing

in

a

week.

一周后他會(huì)動(dòng)身去北京。2.after經(jīng)常用于過(guò)去時(shí)的句子中,以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn),表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間。如:

He

left

for

Beijing

after

a

week.

一周后他動(dòng)身去了北京。不過(guò),如果after后跟的是具體的時(shí)刻,它也可用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如:

We

will

finish

the

work

after

ten

o'clock.

十點(diǎn)后我們會(huì)完成工作的。3.注意區(qū)分以下的in的用法。

I'll

visit

him

in

a

week.

一周后我會(huì)去拜訪他。I'll

visit

him

twice

in

a

week.

一周內(nèi)我會(huì)去拜訪他兩次。17、不定冠詞a與an的使用1.a用在以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。如:There

is

a

"b"

in

the

word

"book".

單詞book中有個(gè)字母b。

類(lèi)似的字母還有:c,d,g,j,k,p,q,t,u,v,w,y,z。

She

has

a

small

knife.

她有一把小刀。2.an用于以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。如:

There

is

an

"i"

in

the

word

"onion".

單詞onion中有個(gè)字母i。

類(lèi)似的字母還有:a,e,f,h,l,m,n,o,r,s,x。

Do

you

have

an

umbrella?

你有一把雨傘嗎?3.以元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前面不一定都用an;以輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如:

a

useful

book

a

universe

a

one-letter

word

an

hour

an

uncle

an

umbrella

an

honest

person18、英語(yǔ)中表示“穿、戴”英語(yǔ)中表示“穿、戴”的表達(dá)方法有好幾種,常見(jiàn)的有以下這些:1、puton主要表達(dá)“穿”的動(dòng)作。如:

Heputonhiscoat.他穿上了他的外套。

You'dbetterputonyourshoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。

2、wear主要表示“穿、戴”的狀態(tài)。如:

Theoldmanwearsapairofglasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。

Thegirliswearingaredskirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。3、dress可作及物動(dòng)詞,有“給穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是“衣服”。如:

Pleasedressthechildrenrightnow.請(qǐng)立即給孩子們穿上衣服。

dress也可作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示衣著的習(xí)慣。如:

Thewomanalwaysdressesingreen.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。

4、bein表示穿著的狀態(tài)。如:

Johnisinwhitetoday.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。

The

man

in

black

is

a

football

coach.

19、a

little,afew與abit(of)alittle,afew與abit(of)都有“一些、少量”的意義。他們的區(qū)別在哪里呢?

1.alittle意為“一些、少量”,后接不可數(shù)名詞。如:

Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.瓶子里有一點(diǎn)水。

還可以接形容詞。如:Heisalittleshy.他有些害羞。2.afew意為“一些、少數(shù)”,后接復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。如:

Thereareafewpeopleintheroom.房間里有一些人。3.abit意為“一點(diǎn)兒”,后接形容詞。如:

It'sabitcold.有點(diǎn)冷。

abitof后接不可數(shù)名詞。如:

Hehasabitofmoney.他有一點(diǎn)兒錢(qián)。4.

alittle表肯定意義,little表否定意義;afew表肯定意義,few表否定意義。如:

Thereisalittlesodaintheglass.杯子里有一點(diǎn)兒汽水。

Thereislittlesodaintheglass.杯子里幾乎沒(méi)有汽水了。

IhaveafewChinesefriends.我有一些中國(guó)朋友。

Fewpeoplelikehim.幾乎沒(méi)有人喜歡他。5.alittle=abitof,后接不可數(shù)名詞;

alittle=abit=alittlebit=kindof,后接形容詞,意為“有點(diǎn)兒”。20)關(guān)于like的用法

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