山東省濟(jì)寧市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題【含答案解析】

2023—2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期質(zhì)量檢測高二英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whatdidthemandolastweekend?A．Heexercisedatagym.B．Hedesignedabuilding.C．Hetookpartinacompetition.2．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Acompany.B．Ajobposition.C．Aninterview.3．Howmuchwillthewomanpay?A．$180.B．$720.C．$900.4．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inagasstation.B．Inasupermarket.C．Inabookshop.5．Whatisthebestseasonforavisit?A．Autumn.B．Summer.C．Spring.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatarethespeakersdissatisfiedwithabouttherestaurant?A．Theprice.B．Theservice.C．Thefood.7．Whenwillthefilmstart?A．At6:00.B．At7:15.C．At7:30.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．WhatseemstobotherTom?A．Clarelaughedathim.B．Claredidn’treturnhisphotos.C．Clarefailedtokeepherwords.9．HowdoesTomfeelaboutClare?A．Embarrassed.B．Angry.C．Ashamed.10．WhatdoesthewomansuggestTomdo?A．TalktoClare.B．Haveagoodrest.C．SharephotoswithJustin.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whatisthematterwiththeman?A．Heisundermuchpressure.B．Hesuffersrapidweightloss.C．Hehasaheadachefrequently.12．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Stopsmoking.B．Takemoreexercise.C．Drinkless.13．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Colleagues.B．Doctorandpatient.C．Friends.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14．Whydoesthemanhesitatetohirethewoman?A．Sheneverservesbigpartiesbefore.B．Hethinksshecanonlycookvegetables.C．Thepaymentshedemandedistoohigh.15．Whatactivityisthemanplanning?A．Aprivatedinnerparty.B．Afoodexhibition.C．Acharityevent.16．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthefoodshemakes?A．Special.B．Simple.C．Traditional.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whendidthepreviousfairusuallytakeplace?A．OnOctober5thB．OnOctober10th.C．OnOctober15th.18．Whatistherequirementforfillingoutthereportform?A．Itcanbeanelectroniccopy.B．Itshouldbesignedbyparents.C．Itmustbeinthechild’shandwriting.19．Howshouldthechildrenshowtheirparks?A．Byplayingvideos.B．Byusingposters.C．Bymakingmodels.20．Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A．Parents.B．Students.C．Teachers.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AVisitAmerica’sNationalParksforFreeonTheseSixDaysin2024It’stimetoplanavisittoyourdreamnationalparkdestination.Forafewdayseachyear,everynationalparkinAmericaisfreetovisit—includinghundredsofnationalmonuments,seashores,historicsitesandmore.Lessthanaquarterofthemhaveentryfees,butthosethatdochargeupto$20perpersonorupto$35pervehicle.Revenue(收入)fromthesefeesstaysintheNationalParkServicetocovervisitorservices,includingimprovingaccessibility,restoringwildlifehabitatandmore.“Nationalparksareplacesthatawakensenses,inspirecuriosity,encouragereflection,andpromotejoy,”NationalParkServiceDirectorChuckSamssaidinastatement.“Theentrancefee-freedaysexpandopportunitiesforpeopletovisittheirnationalparksandexperiencethebeautyandhistoryofourcountry.”There’sanewadditiontotheentrancefee-freedaysin2024:Juneteenth,whichbecamerecognizedasanationalholidayonJune17,2021.Nationalparkfreeentrydaysfor2024:●Jan.15—MartinLutherKing,Jr.Day●April20—FirstdayofNationalParkWeek●June19—Juneteenth●Aug.4—GreatAmericanOutdoorsDay●Sept.28—NationalPublicLandsDay●Nov.11—VeteransDayFeesforcertainactivitieslikecampingandfishingwillstillbeinplace.Additionally,parksoperatedinpartnershipwithoutsidepartiesmaychargeothertypesoffees.Forinstance,WacoMammothchargesanaccessfeeforitsdigshelter.ThatparkisrunbytheParkService,togetherwiththeCityofWaco,Texas,andBaylorUniversity.Visitorscanfindsite-specificdetailsonparkwebsites.1.Whataresomenationalparks’entrancefeesmainlyusedfor?A.Popularizingthecountry’shistory. B.Payingforvisitorservices.C.Financingvisitorsduringtheirstay. D.Boostinglocaleconomies.2Whenisthenationalparkfreeentrydayforthenewadditionin2024?A.April20. B.June17. C.June19. D.Sept.28.3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutWacoMammoth?A.Itiscooperativelymanaged. B.Ithostssomeoutdoorparties.C.Itfeaturescampingandfishing. D.Itisfreeofchargeallyearround.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在特定的幾天，美國的所有國家公園將會向民眾免門票，讓民眾有更多的機(jī)會欣賞美景、了解國家歷史?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Revenue(收入)fromthesefeesstaysintheNationalParkServicetocovervisitorservices,includingimprovingaccessibility,restoringwildlifehabitatandmore.(這些費(fèi)用的收入留在國家公園管理局，用于支付游客服務(wù)，包括改善可達(dá)性，恢復(fù)野生動物棲息地等)”可知，一些國家公園的門票主要用于支付游客服務(wù)費(fèi)用。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“There’sanewadditiontotheentrancefee-freedaysin2024:Juneteenth,whichbecamerecognizedasanationalholidayonJune17,2021.(除了2024年的免門票日，還有一個新節(jié)日：六月節(jié)，2021年6月17日被認(rèn)定為全國性節(jié)日)”和Nationalparkfreeentrydaysfor2024:部分中的第三項(xiàng)June19—Juneteenth可知，2024年國家公園的免費(fèi)入園日是6月19日。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThatparkisrunbytheParkService,togetherwiththeCityofWaco,Texas,andBaylorUniversity.Visitorscanfindsite-specificdetailsonparkwebsites.(該公園由公園管理局、德克薩斯州韋科市和貝勒大學(xué)共同管理。游客可以在公園網(wǎng)站上找到具體的細(xì)節(jié))”可推知，韋科猛犸公園是被協(xié)同管理的。故選A項(xiàng)。BInabreathtakingincidentinBerlin,ayoungmannarrowlyescapedalife-threateningsituationwherehebecametrappedbeneathabus.The16-year-oldfoundhimselfunabletomovebeneathatyre(輪胎)ofthebuswhenhefelldownduringanattempttocatchthedepartingvehicleatalocalstoponaMondayafternoon.Thequickresponseofthebusdriver,whoimmediatelystoppedthevehicle,coupledwiththeassistanceofroughly40people,includingbothpassengersandbystanders,ledtoaremarkableachievement.Together,theymanagedtolifttherightsideofthebussufficientlytofreetheyoungman.FrankKurze,oneofthecourageousvolunteerswhoparticipatedintherescue,recalledthemessyscene,stating,“Isawthementryingtoliftthebus,anditwascleartomethatIalsohadtohelpliftthebusandtrytopulltheyoungmanfromunderneath.”NearbymedicalprofessionalsfromahealthcarecenterintheSpandauneighborhoodofBerlininstantlyarrivedatthescenetoprovidevitalfirstaid.MichelleRueckborn,oneofthenursesonduty,sharedtheirresponse,saying,“Wewereatworkwhenweheardscreams,andourcoworkerlookedoutofthewindowandsawwhathadhappened,andsaid‘Grabthedoctor’skitandrun.’”SandraGrunwald,anothernursepresentatthescene,added,“Hewasresponsivebutunderstandablyconfused,unsureofwhatwasunfoldingaroundhim.”Despitethefrighteningcircumstances,theyoungmanunbelievablysurvivedwithonlyminorinjuries,thankstothecollectiveeffortofaround40individualswhocametogethertoperformaheroicrescue.TheBerlinpolicedepartmentpraisedthecollectiveeffortsofthoseinvolvedintherescueas“heroes”andexpressedtheirgratitudeonsocialmedia,stating,“Thankyou,Spandau.Thankyou,Berlin.”4.Whatwastheaccidentatthebusstop?A.Ateenagergotcaughtunderabus. B.Thetyreofabussuddenlyblewout.C.Ayoungpassengerfellfromhisseat. D.Thedriverfoundthebusuncontrollable.5.WhatdidFrankKurzedoattherescuescene?A.Herecordedthewholeevent. B.Hesteppedforwardbravely.C.Heturnedtomedicalstaff. D.Hecalledmorevolunteersin.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemedicalprofessionals?A.Tolerant. B.Creative. C.Patient. D.Decisive.7.Whatmessagedoesthetexttrytoconvey?A.Onegoodturndeservesanother. B.Kindnessbringsmentalrewards.C.Manyhandsmakelightwork. D.Opportunityisfortheprepared.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在柏林路人和醫(yī)護(hù)人員全力營救一名被困車底的十六歲少年的英勇事跡?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“InabreathtakingincidentinBerlin,ayoungmannarrowlyescapedalife-threateningsituationwherehebecametrappedbeneathabus.(在柏林發(fā)生的一起驚心動魄的事件中，一名年輕男子險(xiǎn)些被困在一輛公共汽車下面，生命垂危)”可知，公車站里一個少年被困在公共汽車下面。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“FrankKurze,oneofthecourageousvolunteerswhoparticipatedintherescue,recalledthemessyscene,stating,“Isawthementryingtoliftthebus,anditwascleartomethatIalsohadtohelpliftthebusandtrytopulltheyoungmanfromunderneath.”(弗蘭克·庫爾茲是參與救援的勇敢志愿者之一，他回憶起當(dāng)時(shí)混亂的場景，他說：“我看到那些人試圖抬起公交車，我很清楚，我也必須幫忙抬起公交車，并試圖把那個年輕人從下面拉出來?！?”可知，弗蘭克·庫爾茲在救援現(xiàn)場勇敢地上前幫忙。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“MichelleRueckborn,oneofthenursesonduty,sharedtheirresponse,saying,“Wewereatworkwhenweheardscreams,andourcoworkerlookedoutofthewindowandsawwhathadhappened,andsaid‘Grabthedoctor’skitandrun.’”(米歇爾，一個值班的護(hù)士，分享他們的反應(yīng)，說，“我們在工作中,當(dāng)我們聽到尖叫聲，和我們的同事朝窗外望去，看到發(fā)生了什么事，并說抓住醫(yī)生的裝備奔跑?！?”可推知，醫(yī)護(hù)人員在救援時(shí)是果斷的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thequickresponseofthebusdriver,whoimmediatelystoppedthevehicle,coupledwiththeassistanceofroughly40people,includingbothpassengersandbystanders,ledtoaremarkableachievement.Together,theymanagedtolifttherightsideofthebussufficientlytofreetheyoungman.(公交車司機(jī)反應(yīng)迅速，立即停車，再加上大約40人的幫助，包括乘客和旁觀者，取得了非凡的成就。他們共同努力，把公共汽車的右側(cè)抬起，把那個年輕人救了出來)”可推知，文章想要傳達(dá)的信息是“人多力量大”。故選C項(xiàng)。CIcameacrossthebookEssentialism:TheDisciplinedPursuitofLessfromalibraryappandIcansaythatafterreading,itdidnotdisappoint.Thebookfitsintothepersonaldevelopmentcategory.Ittalksabouthowimportantitistofocusonabsolutelyimportantthingsandremovetheunnecessarydistractions.Thecommonproblem,GregMcKeownsays,isspottingtheimportantthings.Essentialismmeanscontinuouslydefiningwherewecancreatethemostvalue,thenfindingwaystoexecutethesetasksmosteffortlessly.InEssentialism,McKeowndrawsonexperienceandinsightfromworkingwiththeleadersofthemostinnovativecompaniesintheworldtoshowhowtoachievethepursuitofless.Moreimportantly,byapplyingamoreselectivestandardforwhatisessential,thepursuitoflessallowsustoregaincontrolofourownchoicessowecanchannelourtime,energyandeffortintomakingthehighestpossiblecontributiontowardthegoalsandactivitiesthatmatter.McKeownfurtherexploresthedifferencebetweenanessentialistandanon-essentialist.Hegivesfantasticandrelatableexamplesfromhislifeaswellasfromotherstoillustratehowfunctioningasanon-essentialistisharmfulforbothyouandthosearoundyou.Hesaystheprimarydifferenceinbothofthemistheonewhosaysyestoeverythingandtheother(theessentialist)saysyesonlytothethingsthatmatter.Healsotellsthatanon-essentialistwillcommittoeverythingandputhispersonalpriorities(優(yōu)先事項(xiàng))onthesidewhilethatisoppositeincaseoftheessentialist.Whetheritisinwork-lifeorpersonallife,anon-essentialistwilltrytodomorebyquick-fixsolutionsbutanessentialistwillfocusonremovingbarriersandnothingelse.HealsogivesusexamplesoffamouspeoplelikeMahatmaGandhiwhofollowedessentialism.Finally,thebooktellsushowtosetouttheimportantthingsinourlife—likearoutineof8hoursofsleep,dailyjournalorplayingorrelaxingeverydaytoletourmindsrest.Intoday’sfast-pacedlife,McKeownsays,restfulnessisapreciousescapefromthenoisyworld.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“execute”inparagraph2mean?A.Carryout. B.Switchbetween. C.Watchoutfor. D.Getawayfrom.9.Whatismainlystressedinparagraph3?A.Thesignificanceofessentialism. B.Theinspirationforthebook.C.Achievementsofessentialists. D.Strategiesforpursuingless.10.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofessentialists?A.Commitmenttodailywork. B.Highefficiencyinwork.C.Positiveinfluencebycelebrities. D.Concentrationonpriorities.11.WhatdoesMcKeownsuggestpeopledo?A.Avoidtiringworkifpossible. B.Findmeaningineverydaylife.C.Takeabreakwhennecessary. D.Remainrestlessandunmotivated.【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作者看到了一本叫做《本質(zhì)主義：有紀(jì)律地追求更少》的書，他對這本書印象深刻。他講述了這本書中讓人受益匪淺的理論——本質(zhì)論?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Ittalksabouthowimportantitistofocusonabsolutelyimportantthingsandremovetheunnecessarydistractions.(它談到了專注于絕對重要的事情和消除不必要的干擾是多么重要。)”以及劃線單詞的前半句話“Essentialismmeanscontinuouslydefiningwherewecancreatethemostvalue(本質(zhì)主義意味著不斷定義我們可以在哪里創(chuàng)造最大價(jià)值)”可知，本質(zhì)論教會了我們專注于絕對重要的事情和消除不必要的干擾。我們要找到哪里能夠創(chuàng)造最大的價(jià)值，然后找到方式去消除不必要的干擾，找到方法最輕松地執(zhí)行這些任務(wù)。所以劃線單詞的意思是“執(zhí)行”。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“InEssentialism,McKeowndrawsonexperienceandinsightfromworkingwiththeleadersofthemostinnovativecompaniesintheworldtoshowhowtoachievethepursuitofless.Moreimportantly,byapplyingamoreselectivestandardforwhatisessential,thepursuitoflessallowsustoregaincontrolofourownchoicessowecanchannelourtime,energyandeffortintomakingthehighestpossiblecontributiontowardthegoalsandactivitiesthatmatter.(在本質(zhì)論中，麥基翁借鑒了與世界上最具創(chuàng)新性的公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者合作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和見解，展示了如何實(shí)現(xiàn)追求更少。更重要的是，通過對重要的東西應(yīng)用更具選擇性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，追求更少的東西可以讓我們重新控制自己的選擇，這樣我們就可以將時(shí)間、精力和努力用于為重要的目標(biāo)和活動做出盡可能高的貢獻(xiàn))”可知，本質(zhì)論中告訴了人們?nèi)绾螌?shí)現(xiàn)追求更少，這樣我們就可以將時(shí)間、精力和努力用于為重要的目標(biāo)和活動做出盡可能高的貢獻(xiàn)。所以本段重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了本質(zhì)論的重要意義。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Healsotellsthatanon-essentialistwillcommittoeverythingandputhispersonalpriorities(優(yōu)先事項(xiàng))onthesidewhilethatisoppositeincaseoftheessentialist.Whetheritisinwork-lifeorpersonallife,anon-essentialistwilltrytodomorebyquick-fixsolutionsbutanessentialistwillfocusonremovingbarriersandnothingelse.(他還告訴，一個非本質(zhì)主義者會致力于一切，并把他的個人優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)放在一邊，而在本質(zhì)主義者的情況下，情況恰恰相反。無論是在工作生活還是個人生活中，非本質(zhì)主義者都會試圖通過快速解決方案做更多的事情，但本質(zhì)主義會專注于消除障礙，而不是其他)”可知，本質(zhì)主義的特征在于會專注于個人優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，而非本質(zhì)主義則會把個人優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)放在一邊。故選D?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Finally,thebooktellsushowtosetouttheimportantthingsinourlife—likearoutineof8hoursofsleep,dailyjournalorplayingorrelaxingeverydaytoletourmindsrest.Intoday’sfast-pacedlife,McKeownsays,restfulnessisapreciousescapefromthenoisyworld.(最后，這本書告訴我們?nèi)绾伟才盼覀兩钪械闹匾虑?，比如每?小時(shí)的睡眠、寫日記或玩?；蚍潘?，讓我們的大腦得到休息。麥基翁說，在當(dāng)今快節(jié)奏的生活中，寧靜是逃離嘈雜世界的寶貴方式)”可知，McKeown建議人們在生活中要適當(dāng)?shù)男菹?，使大腦得到放松。故選C。DForyears,thoselookingtogenerateelectricitywithoutusingfossilfuelshavedreamedofexploringthevirtuallyunlimitedheatsourcethatlies8kilometresormorebeneathEarth’ssurface.Previouseffortshavebeenblockedbecausegettingtothatheatrequiresdrillingintorockthatistoohardforconventionaltechniques.Now,onepossibilityinvolvesrepurposinganexistingtechnologytodigthissourceandproduceelectricityatalowercostthananyexistingformofpowergeneration.Thisisn’t,however,simplyamatterofeconomics.EvenifallnationsweretomeetthecommitmentsthatweremadeundertheParisAgreementonclimatechange,temperaturesareexpectedtorisebyroughly3℃by2100.Diggingdeepgeothermal(地?zé)?energyhasthepromiseofreplacingfossilfuel-poweredplantstopreventthisdisaster.Thetechnologythatmightenablethis,whichmakesuseofmillimetrewaves,wasimprovedforacademicresearchattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandcouldprovideaccesstothe400℃to500℃heatthatliesseveralkilometresbelowEarth’ssurface.Obtainedthroughahole,thisheatcouldproducesteamforelectricitygenerationasazero-carbonalternativeforfossilfuels.Millimetrewavesaresimilarto,butvastlymorepowerfulthan,thewavesusedinamicrowaveoven.Createdbyadevicecalledagyrotron,thesewaveshavenowbeenproventovaporise(汽化)rockaccordingtoCarlosAraque,CEOofstart-upQuaiseEnergy,whichhasalicencetocommercialisethetechnologyfordeepdrilling.Combinedwithconventionaldrilling,itmightbepossibletoopenaholereachinglargeamountsofdeepheat.Thegeniusofthistechnologyisthatitmatchesexistingfacilitiesandexpertise,whilethebiggestdifficultywillbedeliveringandfocusingthemillimetrewavessodeepunderground.Thischallengecanandmustbemet.QuaiseEnergyplanstocompleteashallowpilotprojectnextyearandconstructtwodeepdrillholeslater.Ifitsapproachprovesattainable,deepgeothermalenergycouldbeemployedextremelyrapidly.Thespeedwithwhichacovid-19vaccine(疫苗)wasproducedshowedwhattheworldcandowhenfacedwithanemergency.Deepgeothermalenergypromisestobetheequivalentofavaccinefortheclimateemergency.12.WhydoestheauthormentiontheParisAgreementinparagraph2?A.Toexplainthecomplexityofclimatechange.B.Toshowtheurgencyforsustainableresources.C.Todisplaytheclimatecrisiscausedbyhumans.D.Toprovetheaccuracyofpredictionontemperature.13.Whatcanmillimetrewavesbeusedtodo?A.Generateenoughpowerfulsteam. B.Transformrockintoheatenergy.C.Detectthelocationofdeepheat. D.Createholesthroughhardrock.14.WhatcanbeinferredaboutQuaiseEnergy’splan?A.It’sahurrieddecision. B.It’ssortofunrealistic.C.It’shighlyanticipated. D.It’sinspiredbyvaccines.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ExploringtheEarth B.DrillingDeep C.HOT!WaveEnergy D.HeatforHeart!【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了麻省理工學(xué)院研究改進(jìn)了利用毫米波來鉆入地下最硬的巖石，開采出位于地球表面下8公里或更遠(yuǎn)的地?zé)崮軄泶婊剂习l(fā)電。這樣就可以減少對氣候的影響?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“EvenifallnationsweretomeetthecommitmentsthatweremadeundertheParisAgreementonclimatechange,temperaturesareexpectedtorisebyroughly3℃by2100.Diggingdeepgeothermal(地?zé)?energyhasthepromiseofreplacingfossilfuel-poweredplantstopreventthisdisaster.(即使所有國家都要履行《巴黎協(xié)定》對氣候變化做出的承諾，預(yù)計(jì)到2100年，氣溫將上升約3攝氏度。挖掘深層地?zé)崮苡型〈剂习l(fā)電廠，以防止這場災(zāi)難)”可知，如果所有國家都要履行《巴黎協(xié)定》，預(yù)計(jì)到2100年，氣溫也將上升約3攝氏度。由此可推知，人們急需找到地?zé)崮軄硖娲剂习l(fā)電廠，以減輕氣候改變帶來的危害。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thetechnologythatmightenablethis,whichmakesuseofmillimetrewaves,wasimprovedforacademicresearchattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandcouldprovideaccesstothe400℃to500℃heatthatliesseveralkilometresbelowEarth’ssurface.Obtainedthroughahole,thisheatcouldproducesteamforelectricitygenerationasazero-carbonalternativeforfossilfuels.(麻省理工學(xué)院的學(xué)術(shù)研究改進(jìn)了利用毫米波實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的技術(shù)，該技術(shù)可以提供地球表面以下幾公里的400攝氏度至500攝氏度的熱量。通過一個洞獲得的熱量可以產(chǎn)生蒸汽發(fā)電，作為化石燃料的零碳替代品)”可知，毫米波可以通過在堅(jiān)硬的巖石上打洞來獲得地?zé)崮?。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“QuaiseEnergyplanstocompleteashallowpilotprojectnextyearandconstructtwodeepdrillholeslater.Ifitsapproachprovesattainable,deepgeothermalenergycouldbeemployedextremelyrapidly.(QuaiseEnergy計(jì)劃明年完成一個淺層試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，稍后建造兩個深鉆孔。如果這種方法被證明是可行的，那么深層地?zé)崮芸梢苑浅Ｑ杆俚乇焕?”可知，如果QuaiseEnergy的計(jì)劃實(shí)施成功，那么深層地?zé)崮芸梢苑浅Ｑ杆俚乇焕谩Ｓ纱丝赏浦?，這個計(jì)劃是被高度期待的。故選C。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Thetechnologythatmightenablethis,whichmakesuseofmillimetrewaves,wasimprovedforacademicresearchattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandcouldprovideaccesstothe400℃to500℃heatthatliesseveralkilometresbelowEarth’ssurface.(麻省理工學(xué)院的學(xué)術(shù)研究改進(jìn)了利用毫米波實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的技術(shù)，該技術(shù)可以提供地球表面以下幾公里的400攝氏度至500攝氏度的熱量)”以及其全文可知，本文主要講述了麻省理工學(xué)院研究改進(jìn)了利用毫米波來鉆入地下最硬的巖石，開采出位于地球表面下8公里或更遠(yuǎn)的地?zé)崮軄泶婊剂习l(fā)電。這樣就可以減少對氣候的影響。所以“深度鉆探”適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whetheryou’reexploringretirementcommunitiesforafamilymember,friendoryourself,it’snaturaltofeelabituncertain.Misunderstandingsofretirementlivingcanmakethedecision-makingprocesschallenging.___16___Herearefourupliftingwaysretirementcommunitiescanactuallyimproveyouroverallwell-being.SupplyingwellnessprogramsAthome,findingproperexerciseandwellnessopportunitiescanbeachallenge.Retirementcommunitiesattachimportancetothewell-beingoftheirresidentsbyofferingspeciallydesignedwellnessprograms.Fromyogatodanceclasses,theseprogramsaredesignedtoserveolderadults,promotingbothmentalandphysicalhealth.___17___Maintainingsocialconnections___18___Tohandleit,retirementcommunitiesareactivelycreatingasmanysocializingopportunitiesaspossible.Encouragingresidentstoengageinactivitiesoutsidetheirlivingspacesimprovesstrongmentalhealthandreducestheriskofdepression,contributingtooverallwell-being.___19___Livingalonecanpresentsafetychallenges,suchastheriskoffallsorexposuretobadweather.Retirementcommunitiesofferasafeandprotectedenvironment,minimizingthelikelihoodofaccidents.Thisisespeciallyadvantageousforindividualswithlimitedmobility,ensuringbothpeaceofmindandasenseofsecurity.OfferingnutritiousmealsNutritionplaysacrucialroleinourlives,particularlyasweage.Retirementcommunitiesunderstandtheuniquedietaryneedsofolderindividualsandprovidehealth-focusedmealplans.___20___Theirdietaryrequirementsarealsometwithouteffort.Putmoresimply,retirementcommunitiesofferresidentsadiversityofwellnessandeducationalprograms,whicharedesignedtoupliftspiritsandpresentaretirementlivingexperiencethatcombinesjoyandhealth-focusedwell-being.A.Providingworry-freeserviceB.EnsuringasecureenvironmentC.Havingagoodstateofmindisalsoofbenefittoourhealth.D.Residentscansavethetroubleofgroceryshoppingorcooking.E.Regularparticipationcanhelpresidentsstayhealthierforlonger.F.Lonelinesscanbecomeaconcern,especiallyforthoselivingalone.G.However,retirementcommunitylivingcangreatlycontributetoyourhealth.【答案】16.G17.E18.F19.B20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四種退休社區(qū)生活能給你健康帶來的好處?！?6題詳解】上文“Misunderstandingsofretirementlivingcanmakethedecision-makingprocesschallenging.(對退休生活的誤解會使決策過程充滿挑戰(zhàn))”說明人們對退休生活有誤解，空格處承上啟下，下文“Herearefourupliftingwaysretirementcommunitiescanactuallyimproveyouroverallwell-being.(以下是退休社區(qū)可以真正改善您的整體幸福感的四種令人振奮的方式。)”，G項(xiàng)“然而，退休社區(qū)生活對你的健康有很大的幫助”和上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，同時(shí)也和下文構(gòu)成內(nèi)容上的承接。故選G項(xiàng)。17題詳解】上文“Fromyogatodanceclasses,theseprogramsaredesignedtoserveolderadults,promotingbothmentalandphysicalhealth.(從瑜伽到舞蹈課程，這些課程都是為老年人設(shè)計(jì)的，促進(jìn)身心健康)”可知，老年社區(qū)提供了很多鍛煉課程會促進(jìn)老年人的健康，E項(xiàng)“定期參與可以幫助居民更長時(shí)間保持健康。”和上文構(gòu)成內(nèi)容上的承接，指出了定期參加老年活動的好處。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Tohandleit,retirementcommunitiesareactivelycreatingasmanysocializingopportunitiesaspossible.(為了解決這個問題，退休社區(qū)正在積極創(chuàng)造盡可能多的社交機(jī)會)”中的it指代F項(xiàng)“孤獨(dú)會成為一個問題，尤其是對那些獨(dú)自生活的人來說”中的loneliness，前后句構(gòu)成內(nèi)容上的承接。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】下文“Retirementcommunitiesofferasafeandprotectedenvironment,minimizingthelikelihoodofaccidents.(退休社區(qū)提供了一個安全和受保護(hù)的環(huán)境，最大限度地減少了發(fā)生事故的可能性)”可知，退休社區(qū)提供了一個安全和受保護(hù)的環(huán)境，B項(xiàng)“確保安全的環(huán)境”是對整段內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)，適合作為本段小標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】上文“Retirementcommunitiesunderstandtheuniquedietaryneedsofolderindividualsandprovidehealth-focusedmealplans.(退休社區(qū)了解老年人獨(dú)特的飲食需求，并提供以健康為重點(diǎn)的膳食計(jì)劃)”和D項(xiàng)“居民可以省去購買食品雜貨或做飯的麻煩”構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，指出因?yàn)橥诵萆鐓^(qū)提供以健康為重點(diǎn)的膳食計(jì)劃所以居民可以省去購買食品雜貨或做飯的麻煩。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Sevenyearsago,Itookonavoluntaryjobatanaquarium(水族館).ItwasamazingbecauseIadoredthe___21___anddreamedofstudyingfishes.Asexpected,SharkWeekrolledaround.Iwas___22___forIlovesharksandswimmingwiththemwasonmy___23___.Luckily,IhadoneshiftduringSharkWeek.Thebigdaycameatlast.Onmyarrival,however,Isuddenlyfelt___24___andalmostfellover.RealizingIcouldn’tcontinuemywork,Imovedslowlytotheofficeand___25___thesituationtothemanager.Myheart___26___.Thatwasmyonly___27___duringSharkWeekbutIhadto___28___it.Ontopofthat,Ineededtogohomebybus.NormallyIdidn’t___29___takingthebushome,butmybusstopwasupahill.Itwasquiteaclimb.Despitemypoorphysicalstate,Istill___30___toreachthestop.Besidethestopwasacupcakeshop.I___31___todropin,consideringitwashotandIfeltterrible.Thewaitresskindlyasked“How’syourday?”IrespondedIwasn’t___32___enoughtoworkandthatIwouldmissSharkWeek.BeforeI___33___mywallet,shesaiditwasonher.Handingmetheicecream,shetoldmetofeelbetter.NowIdon’tremembermuchaboutherandIdon’tknowwhetherI’d___34___herifwemeetagain,butI’llneverforgether___35___.Shemademyhorribledayalittlebetter.21.A.ocean B.tourists C.pay D.smell22.A.grateful B.calm C.overjoyed D.anxious23.A.way B.side C.behalf D.list24.A.down B.sick C.guilty D.puzzled25.A.realized B.examined C.shared D.explained26.A.beat B.raced C.sank D.worked27.A.gift B.shift C.job D.time28.A.miss B.acquire C.finish D.leave29.A.enjoy B.advise C.mind D.avoid30.A.managed B.refused C.expected D.promised31.A.pretended B.decided C.failed D.agreed32.A.delighted B.mature C.well D.remarkable33.A.putaside B.staredat C.handedin D.reachedfor34.A.recognize B.recall C.praise D.describe35.A.business B.beauty C.courage D.kindness【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.D26.C27.B28.A29.C30.A31.B32.C33.D34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者因?yàn)樽约荷眢w原因無法參加鯊魚周，心情很懊惱，而一位紙杯蛋糕店服務(wù)員請作者吃冰激凌，安撫作者受傷的心的故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這太神奇了，因?yàn)槲覠釔酆Ｑ螅瑝粝胫芯眶~類。A.ocean海洋；B.tourists游客；C.pay工資，薪水；D.smell氣味。由下文“dreamedofstudyingfishes”可知，這里表示作者熱愛“海洋”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我欣喜若狂，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g鯊魚，和它們一起游泳也在我的清單上。A.grateful感激的；B.calm平靜的；C.overjoyed欣喜若狂的；D.anxious焦慮的。由下文“Ilovesharks”可知，作者喜愛鯊魚，所以鯊魚周的到來讓作者“欣喜若狂”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我欣喜若狂，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g鯊魚，和它們一起游泳也在我的清單上。A.way方式；B.side一邊；C.behalf代表；D.list列表，清單。由上文“Ilovesharksandswimmingwiththem”可知，作者熱愛鯊魚，所以和鯊魚游泳是在作者愿望“清單”上的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)我到達(dá)時(shí)，我突然感覺病了，差點(diǎn)摔倒。A.down沮喪的；B.sick生病的；C.guilty有罪的；D.puzzled困惑的。由下文“almostfellover”以及“mypoorphysicalstate”可知，這里指作者感覺“生病”了。故選B項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：意識到我不能繼續(xù)志愿者工作了，我慢慢地走到辦公室，向經(jīng)理解釋了情況。A.realized意識到；B.examined檢查；C.shared共享；D.explained解釋。由上文“RealizingIcouldn’tcontinuemywork”可知，這里指作者去向經(jīng)理“解釋”自己的情況。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的心一沉。A.beat打?。籅.raced參加比賽；C.sank沉沒；D.worked工作。由下文“IwouldmissSharkWeek”可知作者無法參加鯊魚周，所以心里一“沉”，感到比較沮喪。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我在鯊魚周期間唯一的一次輪班，但我不得不錯過。A.gift禮物；B.shift輪班；C.job工作；D.time時(shí)間。由上文“IhadoneshiftduringSharkWeek”以及語境可知，這里指這是作者鯊魚周唯一的一次“輪班”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我在鯊魚周期間唯一的一次輪班，但我不得不錯過。A.miss想念，錯過；B.acquire獲得；C.finish完成；D.leave離開。由下文“IwouldmissSharkWeek”可知，這里指作者將“錯過”鯊魚周。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通常我不介意坐公共汽車回家，但我的公共汽車站在山上。A.enjoy享受；B.advise建議；C.mind介意；D.avoid避免。由下文“mybusstopwasupahill”以及but表轉(zhuǎn)折可知，這里指作者并不“介意”搭公交車，只是車站在山上，作者爬上去不知道身體能不能吃得消。故選C項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管我的身體狀況很差，但我還是設(shè)法到達(dá)了終點(diǎn)。A.managed設(shè)法做某事；B.refused拒絕；C.expected期待；D.pro