物流專業(yè)英語（莊佩君第5版）課后練習(xí)答案匯總 Ch7-CH14 Inventory Management-智慧物流

Ch7第7章InventoryManagement第1課.IFormphrases資金周轉(zhuǎn)Cashflow運(yùn)輸成本transportcost現(xiàn)場(chǎng)倉庫fieldwarehouse網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)Networkstructure運(yùn)輸工具Transportvehicles延期交貨訂單back-orders庫存周轉(zhuǎn)率客戶服務(wù)Inventory_turnover__customerservice工作進(jìn)程中的庫存周轉(zhuǎn)速度Work-in-process_Inventoryvelocity存貨單位Stock_units_____II.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1.Theinventoryrequirementsofafirmdependonthenetworkstructureandthedesiredlevelofcustomerservice.一個(gè)公司庫存需求取決于其網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)和所期望的客戶服務(wù)水平。2.Similarly,transportvehiclesbreakdown,rawmaterialsmaysuddenlybeunavailable.類似地，運(yùn)輸工具的故障會(huì)導(dǎo)致原材料的突然短缺。3.Forallofthesereasons,inventoryisutilizedtoensurethatcustomerneedsaremetevenwhentheproductionprocessitselfisinterrupted.鑒于所有這些原因,庫存用來確保滿足客戶的需要,既使在生產(chǎn)中斷的時(shí)候.Thefinishedproductscanbeshippedtofieldwarehouseswheretheyaremixedtofillcustomerorders.產(chǎn)成品被運(yùn)到當(dāng)?shù)氐膫}庫,進(jìn)行組裝以完成客戶的訂單。5.Excessiveinventoriesmaycompensatefordeficienciesinbasicdesignofalogisticsnetworkandtosomedegreeinferiormanagement.額外庫存可以彌補(bǔ)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)的不足和管理上的某些缺陷。6.Duetothehighcostofstorelocation,retailersplaceprimeemphasisoninventoryturnoveranddirectproductprofitability.由于門店位置的高成本，零售商十分注重庫存周轉(zhuǎn)率和產(chǎn)品直接利潤(rùn)率。7.Awholesalerpurchaseslargequantitiesfrommanufacturersandsellssmallerquantitiestoretailers.批發(fā)商從制造商處大批量地采購某種產(chǎn)品，然后小批量地賣給零售商。III.CompletethefollowingtableaccordingtothegivenkeywordstogetfamiliarwiththepurposesofinventorybothinChineseandEnglish:KeywordPurposes(inEnglish)Purposes(inChinese)Economies1.Facilitateseconomiesofscale2促進(jìn)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì).Supplyanddemand3.Offersameansofbalancingsupplyanddemand4.提供一種平衡供求的方式Customer5.Providesprotectionfromuncertaindemand.6.緩解不確定需求Specialization7.specializesintheproductsthatitmanufactures產(chǎn)品制造實(shí)現(xiàn)專業(yè)化AsabufferInventoryisheldthroughoutthesupplychaintoactasabuffer8.發(fā)揮緩沖器的作用Poorinventory9.resultsinhigherthannecessarytotallogisticscost10.過量的庫存IV.Groupwork略V．Challengingquestionsfordiscussion略

第2課I.Formphrases裝配線Assemblyline在手上Onhand與…聯(lián)合Associatedwith交通堵塞Trafficcongestion大量客戶化裁剪masscustomizationtailor季節(jié)性產(chǎn)品零售商的弱點(diǎn)SeasonalproductRetailervulnerabilityII.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChineseTheconceptwassubsequentlyembracedbyAmericanandEuropeanautomakersinresponsetothegrowingsuccessoftheirJapanesecompetitors.為了應(yīng)對(duì)日本競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的持續(xù)不斷的成功，這一概念后來很受歐美汽車制造商的歡迎。2.Just-In-Timeisaphilosophyofcontinuousandforcedproblemsolving.準(zhǔn)時(shí)制是一個(gè)持續(xù)不斷地解決難題的理論。3.Inotherwords,theproductionschedule“pulls”componentsthroughthesystemmeetmanufacturingneeds.換句話說，為了滿足制造需求，生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃“拉動(dòng)”著部件在系統(tǒng)中移動(dòng)。4.DRPisamoresophisticatedplanningapproachthatconsidersmultipledistributionstagesandthecharacteristicsofeachstage.DRP（分銷需求計(jì)劃）是一個(gè)更復(fù)雜的計(jì)劃方法，它考慮多個(gè)分銷階段以及各個(gè)階段的特點(diǎn)。5.Consequently,thebenefitsofJITareparticularlyhelpfulinsupportingstrategiesofrapidresponseandlowcost.因此，JIT的優(yōu)點(diǎn)特別有助于支持快速響應(yīng)和低成本戰(zhàn)略。6.Whenthereislessinventory,fewerand/orsmallerwarehousesarerequired.庫存少了,則對(duì)倉庫數(shù)量和/或規(guī)模的需求就減小。7.JITissometimescriticizedasasystemthatallowsstrongorganizationstounloadtheirinventoryonsmallerfirmsinthechannelJIT有時(shí)被指責(zé)為是一個(gè)允許強(qiáng)大企業(yè)將自身的庫存壓力轉(zhuǎn)嫁給渠道中的弱小企業(yè)的系統(tǒng)。第3課I.Phrasestranslationproductdemand產(chǎn)品需求finishedgoods產(chǎn)成品safetystock安全庫存inventorylevel庫存水平surplusstock剩余庫存成本降低costreduction質(zhì)量改進(jìn)qualityimprovement.生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃productionplan產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)productmix存貨生產(chǎn)制maketostockII．FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1．Consistentdemandmeansthatforecastsareoftencloseto__realdemand，sostockoutsare___rare_.一致的需求意味著預(yù)測(cè)往往是接近實(shí)際的需求，因此缺貨并不多見。2．If__productionwastoohigh,ortheforecastwasabitoptimistic,thentherewerewaysofsellingsurplusstock,andthesalesteamseemedtoenjoythechallenge.如果產(chǎn)量過高，或預(yù)測(cè)有點(diǎn)樂觀，而且有辦法銷售剩余庫存，那么銷售團(tuán)隊(duì)似乎很享受挑戰(zhàn)。3．Theobviousresponsetothechangesin__orderingpatternswastoincreasestocklevelstocaterforunexpectedvariationsin__demand.訂購模式最明顯的反應(yīng)變化就是增加庫存水平以迎合需求的意外變化。4．__Preventingstockoutsledtoanincreaseinthenumberofbatchesbeingexpeditedthroughthefactory.Thisdisruptedtheproductionplan,increasedthenumberof__machinechangeovers,andlowered__productivity_.防止缺貨從而導(dǎo)致工廠加快批量生產(chǎn)的數(shù)量增加。這打亂了生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃，增加機(jī)器轉(zhuǎn)換的數(shù)目，并降低了生產(chǎn)率。Ch8第8章Warehousing第1課I.Phrasestraining1.BrainstormingAskthestudentsofthewholeclasstothinkofasmanywordsorphrasesthatassociateswithwarehousingactivities.ActivityPlanning(詞匯練習(xí)ActivityPlanning(詞匯練習(xí)——頭腦風(fēng)暴方案設(shè)計(jì)):Askthestudentstothinkofasmanywordsorphrasesthatrelatedwithwarehousingactivities.(seefigure5-2)Onepersonshouldberesponsiblefornotingdowneveryone’ssuggestions.Thisonecanbetheteacher.Ifbrainstormingisdoneasawholeclass,askthestudentwritetheclass’contributionsonthenotebook.Figure5-2BrainstormingofwordsofwarehousingactivitiesNote:Thistaskcanhelpremindstudentsofwordstheyhavelearnedrelatedwithwarehousingactivities.本項(xiàng)活動(dòng)有助于學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)已學(xué)的有關(guān)倉儲(chǔ)活動(dòng)的單詞。Theactivitywillworkbetterifitisquickandquiteintensewithindividualsencouragedbothtolistentoothermembersofthegroupandtocontributetheideasthatoccurtothem.鼓勵(lì)各組的每個(gè)學(xué)生積極參與，Itcanbemademoreintensive,ifthewholeclassisdividedintotwogroupsofgroupAandB.2.PairWork–InterpretandwriteActivityPlanning(結(jié)對(duì)活動(dòng)方案設(shè)計(jì))：Studentsworkinpairs.StudentsAchooses5to10wordsfromtheabovewordslistofwarehousingactivities，andwritedownonhisownnotebook.StudentsAinterpretsordescribestheactivitieswhichhehaswrittenonthenotebooktoStudentsBwholistensandtriestowritedownthewordfromthedescription.Then，StudentBturntointerpretandstudentAlistenandwrite.II.FillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChinesewarehousingactivity倉儲(chǔ)活動(dòng)是生產(chǎn)者與客戶之間的一個(gè)重要聯(lián)系。picking;thecustomers’按訂單揀貨意味著挑揀特定產(chǎn)品的所需數(shù)量、按客戶訂單要求包裝。receiving;storage搬移意味著將貨物從接收區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移到儲(chǔ)存區(qū)。conveyors;lifttrucks企業(yè)可使用傳送帶或叉車移動(dòng)貨物。5.shipmentcontentchecking貨物易主時(shí)尤其需要對(duì)所運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?nèi)容予以核查（裝運(yùn)檢驗(yàn)）。6.customershippingdestination;otherhandlinginformation標(biāo)記意味著就客戶運(yùn)輸目的地信息和其他搬動(dòng)注意信息對(duì)物品進(jìn)行標(biāo)簽。III.Phrasestranslationwarehousingoperationbasiclayoutorderpickstoragearealargequantityshipmentsclerical/officeadministrationshipmentcontentcheckinglifttruckdeliveryroutemarkingproductnumberwarehousemanagementsystemorderrequirementshippingdestinationtransportationfacilitieshandlinginformationIV.PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish接收通常包括接受物料，從運(yùn)輸設(shè)施上卸下，核對(duì)數(shù)量和狀況，記錄所要求的有關(guān)信息。Itinvolvesphysicallyacceptingmaterials,unloadingitfromthetransportationfacilities,verifyingquantityandconditionofthematerial,anddocumentingthisinformationasrequired.接收是所有其他倉儲(chǔ)活動(dòng)的準(zhǔn)備工作。良好的接收工作有助于簡(jiǎn)化在庫物品的流程，減少工作量、錯(cuò)誤、時(shí)間和事故的發(fā)生。Receivingisthereadyworkofallotherwarehousingactivities.Goodreceptionworkhelpstosimplifytheprocessitemsinthelibrary,reduceworkload,errors,timeandaccidents.儲(chǔ)存方法視庫存物品的大小、數(shù)量、特征和容器而不同。Thestoragemethoddependsonthesizeandquantityoftheitemsininventoryandthehandlingcharacteristicsoftheproductoritscontainer.4．向外運(yùn)輸時(shí)或物品更換所有權(quán)時(shí)，需要對(duì)出庫物品進(jìn)行核查。ShipmentcontentcheckingistypicallyrequiredwhenoutboundandproductchangesownershipV.PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese1.Intheclassiccase,productsflowinatreceiving,moveintostorageinthebackofthewarehouse,andthentoshipping,whichislocatedadjacenttoreceivingonthesamesideofthebuilding.經(jīng)典情況下，產(chǎn)品流是先接收，移動(dòng)到倉庫的背面存儲(chǔ)，然后到裝運(yùn)，即位于建筑物的同一側(cè)相鄰于接收。2.AU-shapedflowdesignhassomeadvantagesoverotherflowdesigns,including:excellentutilizationofdockresourcesbecausethereceivingandshippingprocessescansharedockdoors;facilitatingcross-cockingbecausethereceivingandshippingdocksareadjacenttooneanotherandmaybeco-mingled.U形布局設(shè)計(jì)比其他流設(shè)計(jì)具有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括：碼頭資源良好的利用率，因?yàn)榻邮蘸瓦\(yùn)輸過程可共享站臺(tái)門;促進(jìn)直接換裝，因?yàn)榻邮蘸统鲐浾九_(tái)是彼此相鄰，并且可以相互混合。3.Modularflowdesigniswellsuitedforlarge-scaleoperationsinwhichindividualprocessesaresolargetheymeritstand-aloneanduniquelydesignedbuildings.模塊化流程設(shè)計(jì)非常適合于大規(guī)模操作，個(gè)別流程是如此之大以至于他們值得單獨(dú)運(yùn)作和獨(dú)特地設(shè)計(jì)建筑。4.MultistorylayoutsarecommoninJapanandinsomepartsofEurope,wherelandisextremelyscarce.Theyaretheleastdesirableoftheflowpathalternativesbecauseofthematerialhandlingdifficultiesandbottlenecksencounteredinmovingmerchandisebetweenfloors.多層布局常見于日本和歐洲一些地區(qū)，那里的土地極為稀少。它們是最不理想的流通路徑選擇，因?yàn)槲锪咸幚砗芾щy以及在樓層之間移動(dòng)商品會(huì)使遇到瓶頸。第2課I.Phrasestranslationwarehousefacilitypublicwarehousingprivatewarehousingadvertisingcostinitialinvestmentcustomerserviceservicelevelcompetitivedrivemanufacturerdistributortemperature-controlledwarehouseimporteddutytankstorageperishableproductsagriculturalproductsbulkstorageproductsgeneralcommoditywarehouserefrigeratedwarehousespecialcommoditywarehousebondedwarehouseIIFillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChinesepublic;private根據(jù)所有權(quán)劃分的兩類倉庫是公共倉庫和私有倉庫。public;private比較兩類倉庫，公共倉庫的價(jià)格趨向較高，一般說來，私有倉庫能提供更好的客戶服務(wù)。refrigeratedstoragewarehouses;specialcommoditywarehouses;bulkstoragewarehouses.有許多類型的公共倉庫，包括：一般商品倉庫、冷藏倉庫、保稅倉庫、特殊商品倉庫和大宗物品儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)}庫。Thegeneralmerchandisewarehouse一般商品倉庫設(shè)計(jì)用于儲(chǔ)存幾乎所有種類的商品。bondedwarehouses進(jìn)口煙草和酒精類飲料通常儲(chǔ)存在保稅倉庫，在銷售到市場(chǎng)之間不支付進(jìn)口稅。Bulkstoragewarehouses大宗貨物儲(chǔ)存提供液體貨的槽裝儲(chǔ)存或煤、沙和煤等干貨的遮蔽儲(chǔ)存。7.refrigeratedorcoldstorage水果、蔬菜等易腐商品應(yīng)保存在冷藏倉庫。8.StorageAccumulation;Postponement;OrderConsolidation;HubandSpokeDistribution;ProductTransformation;OrderAssembly;ProductMixing有7種倉儲(chǔ)方式給客戶增加價(jià)值：存儲(chǔ)積累、推遲、訂單整合、軸輻式分布、產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)型、訂單總成、產(chǎn)品混合。Ch9第9章MaterialHandling第1課IFillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChineselabor;handling人工和搬運(yùn)設(shè)備結(jié)合地用于機(jī)械系統(tǒng)中以加快貨物接收、加工和/或裝運(yùn)。computerization以信息導(dǎo)向的系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)化對(duì)機(jī)械搬運(yùn)設(shè)備排序和指導(dǎo)工作。Mechanizedmaterialshandling;automated機(jī)械化的物品搬運(yùn)設(shè)備是傳統(tǒng)倉庫的支柱，并且也可能繼續(xù)很重要，甚至是在向自動(dòng)化倉庫發(fā)展之中。orderselectionsystems最初的自動(dòng)化搬運(yùn)工作的關(guān)鍵是在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱的按單分揀。informationtechnology信息導(dǎo)向的系統(tǒng)使用以技術(shù)控制的機(jī)械搬運(yùn)。IIPhrasestranslationmaterialshandlingsystemmechanizedmaterialshandlingsystemautomatedmaterialshandlingsysteminformation-directedmaterialshandlingsystemstorageandorderpickingequipmenttransportationandsortingequipmentshippingequipmentautomatedguidedvehiclesystems(AGVS)computerizedsortationliverackhigh-risestorageandretrievalsystemsRF-controlledequipmentlight-directedoperationsorderselectionsystemautomatedstorage/retrievalsysteminput/outputpoint…III.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferenttypesofmaterialhandlingsystems:TypesofMHSAdvantageDisadvantageMechanizedmaterialshandlingWidelyused,traditional,importantHighpercentageoflaborcostsSemi-automaticacombinationofmechanicalandautomatedsystems;lesslaborautomatedLaborcostreduction，Increasedaccuracylevel，Reductioninmaterialhandling，Improvementinspeedofservice，thehighcapitalinvestment,maintenancecosts，inflexibilityandusertraininginformation-directedacombinationthecontroltypicalofautomatedhandlingwiththeflexibilityofmechanizedsystems第2課IFillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChineseforklifts;horizontally;vertically升降卡車，也叫做叉車，可水平和垂直地搬移馬斯特箱four-wheeltrailers帶掛車的曳引車是由司機(jī)操縱的有動(dòng)力的車頭拖著多個(gè)單體的四輪掛車所組成。每個(gè)掛車裝載著幾個(gè)單元化的負(fù)荷物。shipping;receiving;orderselection傳輸帶廣泛地用于運(yùn)輸和接收操作，也組成了按訂單揀選系統(tǒng)的基本的搬運(yùn)裝置。vertical;horizontal升降卡車可用于垂直移動(dòng)，而帶掛車的拖車和步行碼垛車是水平轉(zhuǎn)移的主要方法。bins;trackorrack旋轉(zhuǎn)式輸送帶包括一系列的安裝于橢圓形軌道或架子上的箱柜。selectionofpackages;repack旋轉(zhuǎn)式傳送帶典型的應(yīng)用在于包裝時(shí)的包裝選擇，再包裝和部件服務(wù)。IIPhrasestranslationlifttrucktowlineunitloadhigh-stackingtruckshippingandreceivingoperationorderselectionwalkie-riderpallettruckcarouselpowerconfigurationinstallationinventorystoragelocationhigh-densitycarouselstorageIV.ChessGame第一步：象飛行棋一樣，可用橡皮作dice骰子,二到四人一起玩。第二步：做團(tuán)隊(duì)間的比賽，每隊(duì)派出一人拋骰子，并讀出題目，由其他隊(duì)員回答，教師可結(jié)合“先到為勝”，“回答迅速”“答案正確”等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定獲勝團(tuán)隊(duì)。練習(xí)口語，熟悉內(nèi)容，生動(dòng)有趣）Ch9第9章課后練習(xí)答案第1課IFillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChinesepackagingindustry;damage-free上海已增加了在包裝業(yè)上的投資，以確保其包裝的產(chǎn)品符合消費(fèi)者對(duì)無損貨物的要求。addedvalue制造商已開始意識(shí)到改進(jìn)了的商品包裝能極大地影響產(chǎn)品的增值。layout;warehouseproductivity.好的包裝可對(duì)布局和設(shè)計(jì)以及整體的倉庫生產(chǎn)率在正面的影響。consumer;interior;marketing設(shè)計(jì)用于吸引和告知最終客戶的消費(fèi)者包裝，也指內(nèi)部包裝或市場(chǎng)包裝。industrial;customer工業(yè)包裝在產(chǎn)品放上貨架之前就被廢棄了，而且客戶可能甚至從未見到過它。marketing;packaging;color;shape在銷售作用中，包裝向客戶提供了有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的信息，也通過利用不同的色彩和形狀促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的銷售。containment;utilization;convenience更明確地說，包裝發(fā)揮了六個(gè)作用，即保護(hù)、容納、利用、分配、交流和方便。IIPhrasestranslationmarketingpackageindustrialpackagequalityofproductsfunctionsofpackagingthedomesticandworldmarketspackagingindustrydamage-freegoodsUPC(UniversalProductCode)III.Doyouknowthe6mainfunctionsofpackagingfromthelogisticsperspective?Pleasediscusswithyourpartnerandcompletethefollowingtable:MainlogisticfunctionofpackagingDetailedexplanation(詳細(xì)說明)1.Containment.Productsmustbecontainedbeforetheycanbemoved2.Protection.Toprotectthecontentsofthepackagefromdamageorlossfromoutsideenvironmentaleffects.3.Apportionment.Toreducethelargeoutputfromindustrialproductiontoadesirablesmaller“consumer”size.4.Utilization.Topermitprimarypackagestobeunitizedintosecondarypackages.Thisreducesthenumberoftimesaproductmustbehandled.5.Convenience.Toallowproductstobeusedconveniently;thatis,withlittlewastedeffortbycustomers.6.Communication.TheuseofreadilyunderstoodsymbolssuchasaUPC(UniversalProductCode).第2課IFillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChinesestoragespace;cubeandweight好的包裝能很好地與企業(yè)的物料搬運(yùn)設(shè)備銜接、有效地利用儲(chǔ)存空間和運(yùn)輸?shù)捏w積和重量的限制。mastercartons用于將單個(gè)產(chǎn)品成組的容器叫做主箱。standardization;好的包裝設(shè)計(jì)受到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、價(jià)格（成本）、產(chǎn)品或包裝的適應(yīng)性、保護(hù)程度、搬運(yùn)能力、產(chǎn)品可包裝性、再利用性和循環(huán)性的影響。costs;customerservice包裝影響成本和客戶服務(wù)水平。warehousing;transportation包裝大小／體積的細(xì)心計(jì)劃可獲得更好的空間和運(yùn)輸利用率。disposal;image更具有環(huán)保意識(shí)的包裝可節(jié)省處理成本和提高企業(yè)的形象。costsavings;reductionofwasteproduction使用可退回的容器不僅節(jié)省成本，而且通過減少廢棄物的產(chǎn)生獲得環(huán)保方面的益處。cubeutilization;weightutilization在包裝設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)考慮到容積利用率和載重率。IIPhrasestranslationmastercartontransportationcubeandweightstandardconfigurationorderquantitiestransportationcostpackagingsize/cubeenvironmentalpackagingdisposalcostreturnablecontainercubeutilizationcubeminimizationtransportationefficiencyvacuum-packedweightutilizationIII.LineConnecting1e2b3c4a5dCh11第11章物流信息第1章I.FormPhrases競(jìng)爭(zhēng)武器物流信息系統(tǒng)competitiveweaponlogisticsinformationsystem庫存水平實(shí)時(shí)銷售信息inventorylevelsreal-timesalesdata潛在的問題決策相關(guān)信息potentialproblemdecision-relevantinformation物流活動(dòng)決策支持系統(tǒng)logisticsactivitiesDecisionsupportsystems最終顧客長(zhǎng)期預(yù)測(cè)ultimatecustomerlong-termforecast信息技術(shù)庫存控制informationtechnologiesinventorycontrolII.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChineseThisrequiresexcellent,integratedlogisticsinformationsystems.這需要極好的、綜合的物流信息系統(tǒng).Decisionsupportsystemsscreenoutirrelevantinformationsoitcannotbemisusedormerelyslowdownuseoftheimportantdata.決策支持系統(tǒng)篩選出無關(guān)的信息,這樣就不會(huì)被誤用和阻礙重要信息的利用。Bothnoviceandexperiencedmanagersmaysimplystackthereportinacorneroftheoffice,toreadwhentheyhavetime.無論是新手，還是有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的管理者都只把報(bào)告堆在辦公室的角落里,等有時(shí)間時(shí)再去看。Byhavingbetterdataavailable,analystscangeneratemoretimelyandaccurateforecaststhatmorecloselyreflectenvironmentalrealities.有了更準(zhǔn)確的信息,分析人員就能做出更及時(shí)、精確的、更貼切地反映實(shí)際情況的預(yù)測(cè)。Suchsystemsalsomustbeintegratedwithothermembersofthesupplychain,toprovideaccurateinformationthroughoutthechannelfromtheearliestsupplierthroughtheultimatecustomer.為了獲得從最初的供應(yīng)商到最終的用戶的整個(gè)渠道中準(zhǔn)確的信息，這些系統(tǒng)還必須與供應(yīng)鏈中的其他成員相整合。6.Wal-Martalsobenefitsbecauseitnolongerhastoplaceorderswithmanysuppliers,anditcankeepitsinventorylevelstoaminimum.沃爾瑪也從中受益，因?yàn)樗辉傩枰虮姸嗟墓?yīng)商下訂單，并且將其持有的庫存水平維持在最低線。.III.TrueorfalsestatementTFTTT,TFTFTIV.Listentotheconversation,answerthefollowingquestionsandcompletethesentencesLINDADILLMAN,Wal-MartChiefInformationOfficer:WhatI'mgoingtodoisshowyouhowweusethisTelxonunitinourstores.HEDRICKSMITH:LindaDillmanisWal-Mart'schiefinformationofficer,andsheletmeinononeofWal-Mart'smostimportanttools,alittlegadgetcalledaTelxonLINDADILLMAN:Ittellsmethesalespriceoftheitem,howmanyIcurrentlyhave.Anditknowswhatthehistorylookslikefortrackingeachsaleasitoccurs.Weknowwhatwethinkit'llbegoingforward,basedonitstrend.HEDRICKSMITH:Wal-Martwasoneofthefirstretailerstounderstandthepowerofinformationhiddeninthebarcode.[oncamera]Thislittlebarcodehereisnotjustasimplething,it'salmostanencyclopediaofinformation.LINDADILLMAN:Absolutely.Itallowsustotiethisitemtoalotofinformationweknowabout,wecanonlycollectbecausewehavethatbarcode.HEDRICKSMITH:Howmanyitemsdoyouhaveinastorelikethis?LINDADILLMAN:Over100,000,so–closeto120,000items.HEDRICKSMITH:[voice-over]Wal-Martcouldn'tmanagewithoutthebarcode.Ithelpsthemovercomeoneofretailing'sthorniestproblems:gettingtherightmixofproductsinthestore.JONLEHMAN,FormerWal-MartStoreManager:Youcantracksalesonspecificitems,specificweeks,specificdays,specifichoursoftheday.HEDRICKSMITH:JonLehmanworkedatWal-Martfor17years.Hemanagedsixdifferentstores.Disillusioned,hequittogoworkforauniontryingtoorganizeWal-Martworkers.JONLEHMAN:Youcantracksalesspikesduringtheyear,duringcertainseasonalperiods,and–it'sincredible.HEDRICKSMITH:[oncamera]Clothes,sizes–JONLEHMAN:Clothes,sizes,colors,flavors,allofthosethings.It's–it'sjust–it'sreallyincredible.HEDRICKSMITH:[voice-over]Withitsownsupercomputer,Wal-Martstreamlineditssupplychain,speedingdeliveryfromplanttostoreshelf.JONLEHMAN:Thesale'srecorded,andthenanorderisautomaticallygeneratedthateveningatmidnight.Andthatwarehousefillsthatorder,andit'ssittingbackontheshelfthenextnightorthefollowingnight.HEDRICKSMITH:Wal-Martbecameaworldleaderinlogisticsandpromotedgreaterefficiencyamongitssuppliers.SomeanalystsevencreditWal-MartwithincreasingU.S.productivity.第2章I.Phrasestranslationwarehousemanagementsystems(WMS) salesorders倉庫管理系統(tǒng)銷售訂單Transportationmanagementsystems(TMS) promisesystem運(yùn)輸管理系統(tǒng)承諾系統(tǒng)materialflows purchasingorders物料流采購訂單materialhandlingautomation financialrecords物料處理自動(dòng)化財(cái)務(wù)記錄Enterpriseresourceplanningsystems(ERP) duplicaterecords企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃系統(tǒng)重復(fù)記錄II.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChinese1．WMSsystemsareprovidingrealtimeviewsonmaterialflowswithinthewarehouse,i.e.trackingandkeepingnoteofthemovementandstorageofmaterialwithinawarehousefacilitatingtheoptimaluseofspace,labour,andequipments.WMS對(duì)倉庫內(nèi)的物料流動(dòng)提供實(shí)時(shí)的視圖，即跟蹤和持續(xù)關(guān)注一個(gè)倉庫內(nèi)物料的移動(dòng)和存儲(chǔ)，從而促進(jìn)空間、勞動(dòng)力和設(shè)備的最佳利用。2．SomeWMSsystemsalsoincludearouteplanningfunctionalitythatmakesthemrelatedwiththeTMSsystems.有些WMS還包括一個(gè)路線規(guī)劃功能，使他們與TMS相關(guān)。3．Transportationmanagementsystems(TMS)aresoftwareapplicationsthatfacilitatetheprocurementoftransportationservices,theshort-termplanningandoptimisationoftransportationactivities,andtheexecutionoftransportationplanswithcontinuousanalysisandcollaboration.運(yùn)輸管理系統(tǒng)是促進(jìn)運(yùn)輸服務(wù)的采購、運(yùn)輸活動(dòng)的短期計(jì)劃和優(yōu)化、通過持續(xù)的分析與協(xié)作而實(shí)施運(yùn)輸計(jì)劃的應(yīng)用軟件。4．Inmanycasestheseinformationsystemsarerequiredtosupportmultiplycurrenciesandlanguages,specific,industries,andanabilitytocustomizewithoutprogrammingaswell.在許多情況下，這些信息系統(tǒng)需要支持多種貨幣和語言、特性，行業(yè)，和一個(gè)自定義的能力而無需編程。5．Incaseofcomplexproducts,theproductsmaybeconfiguredpriortotakingthesalesorderin.Orderentryandpromisesystemmaybeconnectedifallrequiredinformationisstoredinthesystem.對(duì)于復(fù)雜的產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)品可以在銷售訂單前進(jìn)行配置。如果所有所需信息都存儲(chǔ)在系統(tǒng)中，訂單輸入和確保系統(tǒng)可能會(huì)被連接。Challengingquestionsfordiscussion略

第3章I.FormPhrases最終用戶和銷售伙伴.替代程序alternativeprogram客戶服務(wù)customersservice產(chǎn)品和價(jià)格信息productsandpriceinformation網(wǎng)上銷售on-linesales運(yùn)營(yíng)成本前置期leadtime軟件下載downloadsoftware復(fù)印成本duplicatecosts技術(shù)支持technicalsupport訂單遞交ordersubmissionoperatingcostII.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChineseCisco’slargecustomerstakeadvantageofimmediateandautomaticaccesstoCisco’son-lineordering,configuration,andtechnicalsupporttools.Cisco的大客戶可從直接進(jìn)入Cisco在線訂購、配置和技術(shù)支持工具中獲益。2.Enhancedtechnicalsupportandcustomerservice:With70%ofitstechnicalsupportandcustomerservicecallshandledon-line,Cisco’stechnicalsupportproductivityhasincreasedby200%to300%peryear.提高的技術(shù)支持和客戶服務(wù):70%的技術(shù)支持和客戶服務(wù)要求都是在線處理,Cisco的技術(shù)支持的生產(chǎn)率每年增長(zhǎng)200%到300%.3.Today,CiscooffersnearlyadozenInternet-basedapplicationstobothend–usecustomerandresellerpartners.如今，Cisco為最終用戶和再銷售伙伴提供近十多種以英特網(wǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的應(yīng)用。4.Customer’s_orderproductivityincreasedanaverageof20%.客戶訂單完成率平均提高了20%。5.Leadtimeswerereduced,downfrom4to10daystoonly2to3days,andcustomer’_orderproductivityincreasedanaverageof20%.前置時(shí)間縮短了，從4天至10天縮短到2至3天，而客戶的訂單完成率平均提高了20%。CH12第12章物流單證LOGISTICSDOCUMENTS1第1課GOVERNMENTDOCUMENTS=1\*ROMANI.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglishgovernmentdocumentcommercialdocumentexportlicenseinspectioncertificateoforiginexchangecontrolproformainvoicecountryoforigininspectioncertificateofquantityconsularinvoiceinspectioncertificateletterofcreditinspectioncertificateofvaluegovernmentbodiesbillofladinginsurancepolicyveterinaryinspectioncertificaterelevantdocumentdomesticindustryforeigncompetitiongeneralizedsystemofpreferencescertificateoforiginFormA=2\*ROMANII.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese物流單證運(yùn)輸單證進(jìn)口許可證原產(chǎn)地證書外匯非關(guān)稅壁壘關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)商會(huì)海關(guān)發(fā)票跟單信用證商業(yè)發(fā)票重量檢驗(yàn)證書數(shù)量檢驗(yàn)證書衛(wèi)生檢驗(yàn)證書消毒檢驗(yàn)證書驗(yàn)殘檢驗(yàn)證書包裝檢驗(yàn)證書熏蒸檢驗(yàn)證書保險(xiǎn)憑證（小保單）=3\*ROMANIII.Challengingquestionsfordiscussion1.Therearethreemaintypesoflogisticsdocuments,thatis,governmentdocuments,commercialdocumentsandtransportdocuments,whichareclassifiedroughlyaccordingtothedocumentsource.2.Themaintypesofgovernmentdocumentsincludeimportlicence,exportlicence,inspectioncertificate,certificateoforigin,andgeneralizedsystemofpreferencescertificateoforiginFormA,etc.3.TheobjectivesofGSParetoincreasetheexportearningsofdevelopingcountries,realizetheindustrializationandaccelerateeconomicgrowthindevelopingcountries.4.Themainfunctionsofimportlicenseareasfollows:(1)Itfunctionsasameansofexchangecontrol,thelicencebothpermittingimportationandallowingtheimportertopurchasetherequiredforeigncurrency.Manycountriesuseimportlicenseandforeignexchangeauthorizationsystemtorestrictimports.(2)Importlicensesareconsideredtobe\o"Non-tariffbarrierstotrade"non-tariffbarrierstotradewhenusedasawaytodiscriminateagainstanothercountry'sgoodsinordertoprotectadomesticindustryfromforeigncompetition.(3)Itisusedtocontrolentryofdangerousgoods.=4\*ROMANIV.Befamiliarwitheachcolumnofthefollowinggovernmentdocuments略第2課COMMERCIALDOCUMENTS(1)=1\*ROMANI.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglishbillofexchange/draftsightdraftcreditnoteshippingmarkscustomsdeclarationpackinglist/slipbeneficiarycertificateinsurancecompanygrossweightfreightchargesfreightforwarderbusinessrelations=2\*ROMANII.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese重量單尺碼單借項(xiàng)通知書遠(yuǎn)期匯票關(guān)稅領(lǐng)事單證保險(xiǎn)索賠品名/貨物描述交付條件貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)進(jìn)口控制反傾銷稅重量單凈重保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)別被保險(xiǎn)人運(yùn)輸途中報(bào)關(guān)代理保險(xiǎn)人投保金額=3\*ROMANIII.Challengingquestionsfordiscussion1.Themaintypesofinvoicesareproformainvoice,commercialinvoice,consularinvoiceandcustomsinvoice.2.Themainpartsonacommercialinvoiceareasbelow:theissuedate,theimporter,theexporter,theinvoicenumber,shippingmarks,descriptionsandquantitiesofthegoods,prices,deliverytermsandotherimportantinformationconcerningthetransaction.3.Themainfunctionsofthepackinglistaretogiveaninventoryoftheshippedgoods,anditisusuallyrequiredbythecustomsforclearancepurposes.4.Thedifferencebetweeninsurancepolicyandinsurancecertificateisthatinsurancecertificateisasimplifiedinsurancepolicy,usuallycontainssimilardataasaninsurancepolicy,butitexcludesthedetailedrightsandobligationsofbothsidesatthebackofthedocument.5.Themaindifferencebetweentheweightcertificateandthequalitycertificateisthattheweightcertificateconfirmsthegoods’weightisinlinewiththeweighspecifiedonthebilloflading,commercialinvoice,insurancepolicy/certificateorotherspecifieddocuments,whilethequalitycertificateconfirmsthegoods’qualityandspecificationisinconformitywiththatinthesalescontractatthetimeofshipment.6.Mainelementsincludedinacertificateoforiginarekeydetails(typicallyconsignor,co