新教材2024高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)專題二閱讀七選五第二講補全“首中尾”準解七選五課件

第二講補全“首、中、尾”，準解七選五清迷點·掃盲點練重點·練難點清迷點·掃盲點句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命題人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三種挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，來考查考生的邏輯思維能力。本講從空格位置及所承擔(dān)的語意關(guān)系方面講解做題技法，使考生做題時靈活運用解題技法，

游刃有余地解答閱讀七選五。一、設(shè)空在段首——“段落主題”“承上啟下”若是針對段落小標題設(shè)空，其呈現(xiàn)形式應(yīng)和其他小標題相同，選項短小精悍，多為名詞詞組、動詞-ing短語或祈使句。若段落首句設(shè)空，段首句要么與段落標題相關(guān)聯(lián)，要么是段落主題句；選項要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是對下文的概括。技巧1把握形似，確定段落標題句【經(jīng)典感悟】[2023·全國甲卷]·__39__Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“40.Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerable．”You'llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.A．FindyourcausesB．StartwithsmalltasksC．AccepttheuncomfortableD．AllthisaddsuptoastateofhurryE．ItcanalsohelpuspracticemorepatienceF．Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerableG．They'reallsituationswherewecouldusealittleextrapatience【答題微點】[解析]根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.”可知，本段提到了舒適是我們唯一能容忍的狀態(tài)，結(jié)合前文的小標題都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨與接受不舒適相關(guān)，選項中uncomfortable對應(yīng)后文comfortable。故“接受不舒服”符合語境。[自主解答]

________答案：C[方法總結(jié)]技巧2根據(jù)一致，確定段落主題句【經(jīng)典感悟】[2023·新課標Ⅱ卷]__39__Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.A.Getoutofyourcomfortzone.B．Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C．Don'tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D．Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.F．Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded，redefineyourrole.【答題微點】[解析]本題考查段落主題句。根據(jù)后文“Seekingandaccepting...feelvaluedandrespected”可知，本段主要講述分享、利用社交媒體尋求建設(shè)性的反饋以及這樣做的好處。[自主解答]

________答案：D[方法總結(jié)]技巧3瞻前顧后，確定段落過渡句【經(jīng)典感悟】[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.38.The__food__is__so__delicious__that__you__don't__need__much__of__it__to__make__you__happy.Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.__39__OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!D．Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E．That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.【答題微點】[解析]根據(jù)設(shè)空處所在的位置可知，該空很可能是承上啟下的過渡句。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，設(shè)空處的上一段介紹了法國人吃得少的一個原因是他們的食物美味，本段繼續(xù)說法國人吃得少的另一個原因，即水果價格昂貴。因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)起到承上啟下的作用。分析選項可知，E項符合該處語境，且選項中的that指代上文論述過的原因。[自主解答]

________答案：E[方法總結(jié)]二、設(shè)空在段中——處理好“七種關(guān)系”當(dāng)設(shè)空在段中時，通?？疾榕c前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文的銜接。一篇文章往往是一個有機的整體，各部分之間存在著一定的聯(lián)系。從邏輯意義上來看，句子與句子之間常常有并列、順承、遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折、總分、解釋、因果等關(guān)系，有時甚至包含多種這樣的關(guān)系。因此，理解閱讀材料時一定要把握文章脈絡(luò)，弄清其中的邏輯關(guān)系。如果文中或選項中出現(xiàn)了邏輯關(guān)系詞，學(xué)生就可以利用邏輯關(guān)系詞來進行推斷；如果文中或選項中未出現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系詞，這就需要學(xué)生全面理解文章大意，根據(jù)上下文語境弄清文章內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，做出正確的判斷。技巧1根據(jù)總分關(guān)系確定答案【經(jīng)典感悟】[2023·全國乙卷]Whyareindoorplantsgoodforyou?WillSpoelstra，whoworksattheRoyalBotanicGardens，says，“__38__.Ifindduringthewintermonths，plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.”Severalstudieshavebackedthisupandfoundthatindoorplantscanimprovecreativity，focusandmemory.Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases，suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.39.Plants__like__peace__lilies__and__devil's__ivy__are__among__the__best．A．AllplantsaredifferentB．NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC．TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD．Instead，theygrowbetterinside，whereitiswarmerF．ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG．Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding【答題微點】[解析]根據(jù)本段小標題和本段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要講述了室內(nèi)種植綠植有許多好處，此處引用別人的話可以總結(jié)全段，引發(fā)下文分別論述種植綠植的好處，形成總分結(jié)構(gòu)。[自主解答]

________答案：C[方法總結(jié)]技巧2根據(jù)解釋關(guān)系確定答案【經(jīng)典感悟】[2023·浙江高考1月卷]Bringablanket.Whenyou'reridingontrains，youwon'tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree，evenifyourtripisanovernightone.__38__Inthesummerinparticular，theairconditioningcanmakethemquitecold.A．Traintripsaren'tforimpatienttypes.B．You'llhaveviewsfrombothsidesofthetrain.C．Thetemperatureonrailcarsisoftenhardtocontrol.D．That'sparticularlytrueduringbusysummermonths.E．Youmighthavetowaitlongerthan24hourstocatchthenextone.F．Chancesarethecostwillbealotlessthanthecostofonebedroom.G．Hemayalsobookyouinasleepingcarthat'srightnexttothediner.【答題微點】[解析]從空后句子中的“inparticular”可以看出，這句話是對空處的進一步解釋。選項“車廂中的溫度經(jīng)常很難控制”和空后的句子“尤其是夏天，空調(diào)會使車廂變得很冷”在邏輯上吻合。[自主解答]

________答案：C[方法總結(jié)]技巧3根據(jù)例證關(guān)系確定答案【經(jīng)典感悟】[2023·全國甲卷]?MakeyourselfwaitInstantgratification(滿足)mayseemlikethemost“feelgood”optionatthetime，butpsychologyresearchsuggestswaitingforthingsactuallymakesushappierinthelongrun.Andtheonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice.__38__．Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.You'llsoonfindthatthemorepatienceyoupractice，themoreyoustarttoapplyittoother，moreannoyingsituations.A．FindyourcausesB．StartwithsmalltasksC．AccepttheuncomfortableD．Allthisaddsuptoastateofhurry【答題微點】[解析]根據(jù)空前的“theonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice”可知，空處講到的應(yīng)該是如何練習(xí)?？蘸髣t進一步列舉生活中可以嘗試的小事，例如“Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake”。選項“從小任務(wù)開始”承上啟下，并且能與后文形成例證關(guān)系，故B項符合語境。[自主解答]

________答案：B[方法總結(jié)]技巧4根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系確定答案表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞匯有but,however/whereas,nevertheless(然而，不過),though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate(無論如何),inanycase(無論如何，不管怎樣),onthecontrary,bycontrast(相反，相比之下),bycomparison(相比之下),otherwise,not...but,aswell等。

【經(jīng)典感悟】[2023·全國乙卷]·Whatareindoorplants?Indoorplants，alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants，areplantsthatliketogrowindoors.Manyofthesespecies(物種)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK，especiallyinthewinter.__37__．C．TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD．Instead，theygrowbetterinside，whereitiswarmerE．Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil'sivyareamongthebestF．ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG．Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding【答題微點】[解析]本空前的句子表否定，認為很多植物不適合在英國戶外種植，尤其是冬天，D項跟前句形成對比關(guān)系，表達相反的情況：growinside和warmer，同時instead表轉(zhuǎn)折，可以承接前句。[自主解答]

________答案：D[方法總結(jié)]技巧5根據(jù)因果關(guān)系確定答案表示因果關(guān)系的連接詞匯有asaresult/consequently,thus/therefore,so,so(such)...that...等。【經(jīng)典感悟】[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.__36__Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.D．Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E．That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G．Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【答題微點】[解析]根據(jù)空后的So可知，

設(shè)空處與空后一句之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故“我們的目的是想看看我們能否像真正的巴黎人一樣生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。[自主解答]

________答案：F[方法總結(jié)]技巧6根據(jù)遞進關(guān)系確定答案表示遞進關(guān)系的連接詞匯有also,further,furthermore,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what'smore,too,either,neither,notonly...butalso...,themore...themore...等?！窘?jīng)典感悟】[2023·全國乙卷]Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch，butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.__36__，butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople'swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情)，reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What'smore，indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.A．AllplantsaredifferentB．NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC．TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD．Instead，theygrowbetterinside，whereitiswarmer【答題微點】[解析]空后表明室內(nèi)綠植還可以通過改善心情、減輕壓力、增進記憶力來提升人們的幸福感，且空后的but與選項中的Notonly在意思上構(gòu)成遞進關(guān)系。[自主解答]

________答案：B[方法總結(jié)]技巧7根據(jù)并列關(guān)系確定答案【經(jīng)典感悟】[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.__37__Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.A．Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B．Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C．You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D．Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E．Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingatrainingpartner”notice？【答題微點】[解析]選段第一段提到關(guān)于如何找到一個健身伙伴，第二段提到首先要決定你想要從那個人那里得到什么。根據(jù)空后一句Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit...？可知，設(shè)空處與空后一句之間是并列關(guān)系，設(shè)空處也應(yīng)是一般疑問句，是對本段首句的進一步解釋。[自主解答]

________答案：D[方法總結(jié)]三、設(shè)空在段尾——“總結(jié)概括”“過渡銜接”技巧1段落過渡句當(dāng)設(shè)空在非尾段段末時，就有可能是考查承上啟下的過渡句。假如所缺的是段落間的過渡句，首先可以關(guān)注表示邏輯關(guān)系的銜接詞，再結(jié)合詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)等原則進行答案的選擇?！窘?jīng)典感悟】[2023·全國甲卷]TricksToBecomingAMorePatientPersonHere'sariddle：Whatdotrafficjams，longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveincommon?There'soneanswer:__36__．E．ItcanalsohelpuspracticemorepatienceF．Thisismerelyuncomfortable，notintolerableG.They'reallsituationswherewecouldusealittleextrapatience【答題微點】[解析]根據(jù)空前的“There'soneanswer”可知，本空要回答前面的問題“Whatdotrafficjams，longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveincommon？”。同時，根據(jù)文章標題關(guān)鍵詞“Patient”和常識可知，本句同樣需要引出下文對如何多些耐心的討論。[自主解答]

________答案：G技巧2補充信息、舉例說明句段末設(shè)空還有可能是對上文內(nèi)容進行補充說明或舉例說明，這時要選擇補充性的語句?！窘?jīng)典感悟】[2023·全國乙卷]WillSpoelstra，whoworksattheRoyalBotanicGardens，says，“38.There__are__many__benefits__to__growing__plants__indoors.Ifindduringthewintermonths，plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.”...Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases，suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.__39__．D.Instead，theygrowbetterinside，whereitiswarmerE．Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil'sivyareamongthebestF．Changingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelp【答題微點】[解析]空格位于段尾，與上文存在例證、補充說明關(guān)系，上文說盆栽可以通過消除二氧化碳等有害氣體來凈化周圍的空氣，還可以消除一些來自油漆或烹飪的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。[自主解答]

________答案：E技巧3總結(jié)句當(dāng)設(shè)空在段尾時，通常是結(jié)論性、概括性語句，是對上文的概括總結(jié)。如果缺的是結(jié)論性、概括性的語句，學(xué)生應(yīng)快速瀏覽選項，注意選項中是否出現(xiàn)表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞，如so,therefore,hence,thus,asaresult,inshort,inaword,allinall,tosumup,toconclude等詞或短語，快速縮小選擇范圍，再根據(jù)段落主題一致性原則，從而確定正確選項?！窘?jīng)典感悟】[2023·新課標Ⅰ卷]Atthetopofasecondpage，puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone，listallthepositivethingsyou'vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework，whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked，orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.____38__D.It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat'shappenedorforgetit.F．Whateveritis，nomatterhowsmallitmightseem，writeitdown.G．Whateverthemistake，rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【答題微點】[解析]本題考查段尾總結(jié)句。空前講述了列出你為別人做過的所有積極的事情，選項“不管是什么事，不管它看起來可能有多小，把它寫下來”總結(jié)上文，符合邏輯。[自主解答]

________答案：F練重點·練難點[2023·衡水中學(xué)模擬]Formakingcontactandcommunicatingwithaperson,effectiveeyecontactisessentialtooureverydayinteractionwithpeople,andalsotothosewhowanttobeeffectivecommunicatorsinpublicplaces.__1__.GenerallyinWesternsocietiesandmanyothercultures,eyecontactwithapersonisexpectedtoberegularbutnotoverlypersistent.__2__,causingthepersonwho'stheobjectofaperson'sstaretofeeloverlystudiedanduncomfortable.__3__.TheNewZealandMedicalJournalreportedthatonereasonsomanyyoungchildrenfallvictimtoattacksbypetdogsistheiroverly-lastingeyecontactwithpets,whichcausesthemtofeelthreatenedanddefensive.Overlylastingeyecontactisalsoasignofaperson'sover-awarenessofthemessagestheyaregiving.Inthecaseofpeoplewhotrytolietosomeone,theymaydistort(扭曲)theireyecontactsothatthey'renotavoidingit.__4__.Butonthecontrary,evasive(逃避的)eyecontactisasignofdiscomfort.Whydoweavoidlookingataperson?Itmaybebecausewefeelashamedtobelookingatthemifwe'rebeingdishonestoftryingtotakethemin.Evasiveeyecontactmayalsobeasignofdishonesty.However,Scotland'sUniversityofStirlingfoundthat,inaquestion-and-answerstudyamongchildren,thosewhomaintainedeyecontactwerelesslikelytocomeupwiththecorrectanswertoaquestionthanthosewholookedawaytoconsidertheirresponse.__5__,whenthisenergycouldbespentondeepthinking.A．Thisisawidelyrecognized