專題05閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文（講義）

專題05閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文(講義)目錄TOC\o"13"\p""\h\z\u考點閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文1頁1頁2頁【真題研析·規(guī)律探尋】2頁考向1考查細節(jié)理解題2頁考向2考查數(shù)字計算題4頁考向3考查文章出處題5頁考向4考查尋找共同點7頁【核心提煉·考向探究】9頁1．命題規(guī)律9頁2．應(yīng)用文主要設(shè)題類型及特點9頁3．常用的解題方法10頁【題型特訓(xùn)·命題預(yù)測】11頁預(yù)測考向1考查細節(jié)理解題11頁預(yù)測考向2考查數(shù)字計算題12頁預(yù)測考向3考查文章出處題13頁預(yù)測考向4考查讀者對象題14頁預(yù)測考向5考查尋找共同點題15頁考點閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文考情分析：分析20212023年新高考閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文考向分布。年份試題來源主題語境文章字數(shù)題型分類2023新高考I卷人與社會：阿姆斯特丹自行車租賃和雇傭?qū)в蔚牟僮?082個細節(jié)理解題1個推理判斷題新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與自然：黃石國家公園提供的幾項護林員項目2533個細節(jié)理解題2022新高考I卷人與社會：文學概論課程評分辦法2361個細節(jié)理解題2個推理判斷題新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會：關(guān)于兒童博物館團體游的相關(guān)信息2353個細節(jié)理解題2021新高考I卷人與社會：羅馬的幾個價格低廉，安全舒適的旅館2883個細節(jié)理解題新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會：夏天約克郡的四個活動2563個細節(jié)理解題總結(jié)高考考點，探究應(yīng)用文的命題規(guī)律。近年來，高考閱讀理解應(yīng)用文主要考查：細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題有時兼顧其他題型。考點要求考題統(tǒng)計考情分析細節(jié)理解題3年15考【命題規(guī)律】根據(jù)新高考三年的考情分析，應(yīng)用文主要集中考查：細節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題。應(yīng)用文的內(nèi)容簡單，多是生活實際中的廣告類文章，目的是讓學生學習生活英語，做到學以致用。【命題預(yù)測】2024年高考還會考查應(yīng)用文，總是在閱讀的開篇考查，是試題難度較低的試題。這篇閱讀理解要拿滿分。推理判斷題3年3考考向1考查細節(jié)理解題1.（2023?新高考全國Ⅱ卷·閱讀理解A篇節(jié)）YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogramsthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogramsthissummer.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小徑),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark’samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCenter.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahandsonprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.21.Whichofthefourprogramsbeginstheearliest?A.PhotographyWorkshops. B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint. D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.22.WhatistheshorttalkatArtistPointabout?A.Worksoffamousartists. B.Protectionofwildanimals.C.Basicphotographyskills. D.Historyofthecanyonarea.23.WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A.ArtistPoint. B.WashburnTrailhead.C.CanyonVillageStore. D.VisitorEducationCenter.【答案】21.D22.D23.B【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了黃石國家公園提供的幾項護林員項目。21.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)每個項目后的時間“ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)(在黃石體驗野生動物（5月26日至9月2日）)”和“JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)(少年游騎兵野生動物奧林匹克運動會（6月5日至8月21日）)”與“CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)(在ArtistPoint的峽谷會談（6月9日至9月2日）)”以及“PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)(攝影研討會（6月19日和7月10日）)”可知，四個項目中在黃石體驗野生動物開始的時間最早。故選D。22.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)(在ArtistPoint的峽谷會談（6月9日至9月2日）)部分中的“Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.(從一個經(jīng)典的視角，欣賞下瀑布、黃石河和峽谷的壯麗色彩，同時了解該地區(qū)的自然和人類歷史)”可知，在ArtistPoint的簡短演講主題是關(guān)于峽谷地區(qū)的歷史的。故選D。23.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)(攝影研討會（6月19日和7月10日）)”部分中的“7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.(7/10——Wildflowers&WhiteBalance：在奇滕登停車場的WashburnTrailhead舉行)”可知，7月10日的攝影研討會將在WashburnTrailhead舉行。故選B。1.不需讀原文（有題目和小標題的要看），直接看問題，劃出問題中的關(guān)鍵詞1.不需讀原文（有題目和小標題的要看），直接看問題，劃出問題中的關(guān)鍵詞2.從題干中尋找關(guān)鍵詞，定位問題答案【注意】①細節(jié)題的正確選項大都是相應(yīng)原文的變形(如同義改寫、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等)②注意文中以粗體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因為這很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括考向2考查數(shù)字計算題1.（2023年1月·浙江卷·閱讀理解A）ExplorersCamp?Fulldaycampforkidsaged513.?MondayFriday,July826,9am4pm.Week1|July812Week2|July1519Week3|July2226?Registerforasingleweekormultipleweeks.?Fees:$365perweek.?Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15.CampStructureThedayisdividedintotwothematicsessionsperagegroup.Campershaveathreehourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9amto12noon)andaonehourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthreehourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1pmto4pm).Snackperiodsareheldthroughouttheday.Allcampersshouldbringtheirownbaggedlunchandsnacks.CampContentExplorersCamporganizesengagingarts,historyandsciencerelatedactivitiesinevery!class,andfocusesonarangeoftopicsthatemphasizeactivelearning,explorationand,mostofall,fun!Allcampsessionsarecreatedwithageappropriateactivitiesthataretailoredtothemultiplewaysthatkidslearn.CampStaffCampersenjoyastafftochildratiorangingfrom1:4to1:7dependingontheagegroup.Instructorsarepassionateeducatorswhoareexpertsintheirfieldsandhaveundergonetrainingandabackgroundcheck.23．Howmanyhoursofclasswillyouhavealtogetherifyouregisterforasingleweek?A．15. B．21. C．30. D．42.【答案】23．C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“?MondayFriday,July826,9am4pm.(7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9點至下午4點)”可知，每周安排5天的活動。根據(jù)CampStructure部分中的“Campershaveathreehourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9amto12noon)andaonehourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthreehourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1pmto4pm).(露營者有一個三小時的上午課程（上午9點到中午12點）和一個小時的午休時間，然后是另一個三個小時的下午課程（下午1點到下午4點）)”可知，全天有6個小時的課程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注冊一周，你總共有30小時的課程。故選C。2.（2023?新高考全國Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解A篇）BikeRental&GuidedToursWeletoAmsterdam,weletoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalpanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00GuidedCityToursThe2.5hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.€15.75. B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50.【答案】C【解析】數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)定價表可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元，額外增加天數(shù)每天8歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選C。數(shù)字計算題最常用的解題方法：1.仔細理解題干中的信息要求；2.從文章中定位計算需要的信息；3.通過簡單的計算得出答案。數(shù)字計算題最常用的解題方法：1.仔細理解題干中的信息要求；2.從文章中定位計算需要的信息；3.通過簡單的計算得出答案?？枷?考查文章出處1.（2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解A篇）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90100,A;8089,B;7079,C;6069,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstopletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytopleteshortinclasswritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass’slecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobepletedinclassorshortassignmentstobepletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotpletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.【答案】21.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標題“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文學概論課程評分辦法)”和Essays(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主要文章將構(gòu)成本課程評分的主要部分)”可知，文章介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法，可得出本文是出自一個課程計劃。故選C項。2.（2021·英語全國甲卷·閱讀理解A篇）ATakeaview,theLandscape（風景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlieWaite,oneoftoday'smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualpetitionforphotographersfromallersoftheUKandbeyond.MikeShepherd(2011)SkiddawinWinterCumbria,EnglandItwasanextremelycoldwinter'seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.Iclimbedtothetopofasmallriseandrealisedthatthemistwaslittlemorethanafewfeetdeep,andthoughitwasonlyashortclimb,IfoundmyselfpletelyaboveitandlookingatawonderfullyclearviewofSkiddawwiththesumsettinginthewest.Iusedclassicaltechniques,translatedfrommycollegedaysspentinthedarkroomintoPhotoshop,toachievetheblack—and—whiteimage（圖像）.TimothySmith(2014)MacclesfieldForestCheshire,EnglandIwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages.WalkingupapaththroughtheforesttowardsShutlingsloe.alocalhighpoint,Icameacrossasmallclearingandimmediatelynoticedthedeadyellowgrassessetagainstthefreshsnow.ThesmallpineaddedtotheinterestandIplaceditcentrallytotaketheviewfromtheforegroundrightthroughintotheforest.23．Wherecanthetextbefound?A．Inahistorybook. B．Inanovel. C．Inanartmagazine. D．Inabiography.【答案】23．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualpetitionforphotographersfromallersoftheUKandbeyond.”（每年參賽作品的高水準表明，該獎項是展示英國風景最佳攝影作品的完美平臺。對于英國和世界各地的攝影師來說，Takeaview是一項令人向往的年度競賽）結(jié)合下文對兩位獲獎?wù)呒捌渥髌返慕榻B，可知這篇文章主要介紹了攝影比賽Takeaview以及獲獎的相關(guān)情況，最可能出現(xiàn)在一本藝術(shù)雜志上。故選C。“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)入手來判斷其出處：旅游指南類文章(atravelguide)：此類文章旨在介紹某一旅游景點的自然景觀和人文特色，目的是吸引游客來訪。廣告英語類文章(anadvertisement)：現(xiàn)代生活中廣告無處不在，英語閱讀理解也是如此。有時會考查微型海報、通知、啟示、時刻表、圖表等。課件展示類文章(aclasspresentation)：此類文章往往緊扣主題，口語性強、語言活潑，形式新穎，伴隨有圖片、圖表、文字介紹等信息。網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)頁類文章(anInternetpage)：此類文章往往會提供超級鏈接標志，如Formoreinformation,pleaseclickhere.新聞報道類文章(anewsreport)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及人物、時政、教育、體育、科技等，突出新穎性、突發(fā)性和真實性。新聞呈“倒金字塔”結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段概括全文內(nèi)容最重要。研究報告類文章(aresearchpaper)：此類文章重點介紹科技領(lǐng)域最新研究成果：新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新思想、新發(fā)明。第一段概括介紹，然后分段陳述。文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，語言規(guī)范，句式復(fù)雜。圖書評論類文章(abookreview)：書評、影評類文章涉及到作者介紹，內(nèi)容梗概、人物性格評論，寫作特色以及個人好惡等內(nèi)容?？破针s志類文章(asciencemagazine)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及到日常生活習慣、健康飲食、太空與海洋、創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明、計算機發(fā)展、人類未來、動物世界等。其重點是普及科學知識，提高科學素養(yǎng)。考向4考查尋找共同點題1.（2023?全國乙卷·閱讀理解A篇）PRACTITIONERSJacquelineFelicedeAlmania(c.1322)highlightsthesuspicionthatwomenpracticingmedicinefaced.BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.In1322shewastriedforpracticingunlawfully.Inspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials(證明)ofherabilityasadoctor,shewasbannedfrommedicine.JamesBarry(c.1789—1865)wasbornMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut,dressedasaman,shewasacceptedbyEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,thenjoinedtheBritishArmy,servingoverseas.Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.TanYunxian(1461—1554)wasaChinesephysicianwholearnedherskillsfromhergrandparents.Chinesewomenatthetimecouldnotserveapprenticeships(學徒期)withdoctors.However,Tanpassedtheofficialexam.Tantreatedwomenfromallwalksoflife.In1511,Tanwroteabook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,describingherlifeasaphysician.RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.21.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveinmon?A.Doingteachingjobs. B.Beinghiredasphysicians.C.Performingsurgery. D.Beingbannedfrommedicine.【答案】C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。通過文章第一部分中的“BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.(她出生于佛羅倫薩的一個猶太家庭，搬到巴黎當醫(yī)生并做外科手術(shù))”以及第二部分中的“Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813(她獲得了做外科醫(yī)生的資格)”和“Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.(Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，從事了整個醫(yī)學職業(yè))”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同點是都有資格進行外科手術(shù)。故選C。2.（2021·全國高考乙卷·閱讀理解A篇）TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround80A．D．,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld’sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfryparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichacmodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulationsnottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandfortableseat—tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.Allthesestadiumsarestillfuntiona1,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.·Rungrado1stofMayStadium,PyongyangD．P.R.Korea.Capacity:150,000.Opened:May1,1989.·MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened:October1,1927.·BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.·OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.·KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.23．Whatdothelistedstadiumshaveinmon?A．Theyhostbiggames. B．Theyhavebeetouristattractions.C．TheywerebuiltbyAmericans. D．Theyarefavoredbyarchitects.【答案】23．A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.”(所有這些體育場館仍在使用，仍在開放，仍在舉辦世界上最大的體育賽事。)可知，這些體育館都還在承辦大型的體育賽事。故選A項。1.結(jié)構(gòu)法：如果屬于“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)，多從“總處”找依據(jù)；1.結(jié)構(gòu)法：如果屬于“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)，多從“總處”找依據(jù)；2.排除法：可以運用排除法，只要一項不合要求就應(yīng)該排除；3.關(guān)鍵詞法：依據(jù)題干劃出關(guān)鍵詞語，據(jù)此知道答案。閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文考點的必備知識：一、命題規(guī)律：1．命題規(guī)律：應(yīng)用文主要考查細節(jié)理解，近年來也會考查推理判斷、寫作意圖以及讀者對象等。應(yīng)用文閱讀材料簡單明了，主要考查考生快速而準確地獲取和理解文中具體細節(jié)信息的能力。2．考查類型：主要考查細節(jié)理解題兼顧推理判斷題。3．考查趨勢：考題以考查廣告、書信、列車或飛機的時刻表、產(chǎn)品說明書、宣傳海報、簡明新聞等應(yīng)用文，他們的目的都是為了向讀者傳輸信息。二、應(yīng)用文主要設(shè)題類型及特點1.細節(jié)理解題：針對應(yīng)用文體裁的閱讀訓(xùn)練多出現(xiàn)細節(jié)理解題。應(yīng)用文不同于一般的文章，應(yīng)用文的措辭簡潔明了、直截了當，在閱讀時須重點注意細節(jié)信息，最好采取跳讀這種閱讀方法。如：活動的具體時間和地點是什么？音樂會的具體舉辦時間是什么？所倡議的活動是針對哪些人展開的？2.主旨大意題：應(yīng)用文強調(diào)實用性，無論是信件、廣告、通知，還是倡議書、海報等，在閱讀時都應(yīng)該快速掌握其主旨大意。如：海報介紹的那部電影？通知的是哪個活動？邀請哪些人參加什么活動？這些都是主旨大意題考查的內(nèi)容。常見的主旨大意題的題干表達方式有“Theposterintroducesusto_______.”“Theemailmainlytellsusabout_______.”3.觀點態(tài)度題：作者往往通過海報、廣告等形式的應(yīng)用文表明自己對于某事的態(tài)度，也可以通過通知、倡議書、邀請函等形式暗示自己對某次活動的看法和態(tài)度。常見的觀點態(tài)度題的題干表達方式有“Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards...”“Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthe...?”三、常用的解題方法1.應(yīng)用文中的細節(jié)理解題：在閱讀應(yīng)用文時主要是注意細節(jié)信息（時間、地點、人物或數(shù)據(jù)），做題時，根據(jù)所提問題中的關(guān)鍵詞定位，用尋讀、跳讀的方法更有效?！咀鲱}步驟】1.不需讀原文（有題目和小標題的要看），直接看問題，劃出問題中的關(guān)鍵詞2.從題干中尋找關(guān)鍵詞，定位問題答案【注意】①細節(jié)題的正確選項大都是相應(yīng)原文的變形(如同義改寫、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等)②注意文中以粗體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因為這很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括2.“共同點”題：①結(jié)構(gòu)法：如果屬于“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)，多從“總處”找依據(jù)；②排除法：可以運用排除法，只要一項不合要求就應(yīng)該排除；③關(guān)鍵詞法：依據(jù)題干劃出關(guān)鍵詞語，據(jù)此知道答案。3.文章出處題：“推斷文章出處”類試題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)入手來判斷其出處：旅游指南類文章(atravelguide)：此類文章旨在介紹某一旅游景點的自然景觀和人文特色，目的是吸引游客來訪。廣告英語類文章(anadvertisement)：現(xiàn)代生活中廣告無處不在，英語閱讀理解也是如此。有時會考查微型海報、通知、啟示、時刻表、圖表等。課件展示類文章(aclasspresentation)：此類文章往往緊扣主題，口語性強、語言活潑，形式新穎，伴隨有圖片、圖表、文字介紹等信息。網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)頁類文章(anInternetpage)：此類文章往往會提供超級鏈接標志，如Formoreinformation,pleaseclickhere.新聞報道類文章(anewsreport)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及人物、時政、教育、體育、科技等，突出新穎性、突發(fā)性和真實性。新聞呈“倒金字塔”結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段概括全文內(nèi)容最重要。研究報告類文章(aresearchpaper)：此類文章重點介紹科技領(lǐng)域最新研究成果：新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新思想、新發(fā)明。第一段概括介紹，然后分段陳述。文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，語言規(guī)范，句式復(fù)雜。圖書評論類文章(abookreview)：書評、影評類文章涉及到作者介紹，內(nèi)容梗概、人物性格評論，寫作特色以及個人好惡等內(nèi)容?？破针s志類文章(asciencemagazine)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及到日常生活習慣、健康飲食、太空與海洋、創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明、計算機發(fā)展、人類未來、動物世界等。其重點是普及科學知識，提高科學素養(yǎng)?！?024年高考命題預(yù)測】根據(jù)高考考情分析2024年高考應(yīng)用文是必考點。將主要考查：（1）細節(jié)理解題；（2）推理判斷題（出處題）等。預(yù)測考向1考查細節(jié)理解題（2024屆河北省部分學校高三五調(diào)·閱讀理解A）Basedon2023’snewbookreleases,wehaveafeelingthatwe’llbereadingallyearlong.Below,werehighlightingjustafewofthenewbooksingoutin2023thatyoumaywanttocheckout.ThePeopleWhoReportMoreStressByAlejandroValero$24.18Alejandro’sfirstnovelTheTownofBabyloncameoutin2022,andthisforthingshortstorycollection,fullofmemorablepersonalities,exploressimilarthemes:munity,relationships,modernincrediblelife,racismandparenthood.WhenTryingtoReturnHomeByJenniferMaritzaMcCauley$25.11Spanning(跨越)betweenPuertoRico,Pittsburgh,LouisianaandMiami,thisshortstorycollectionexplorestheplexitiesofbelongingandthetruemeaningofhome.EachindividualstoryandthethemesmentionedarewrittenthroughtheBlackAmericanandAfroLatinoexperiences.TheLastTaleoftheFlowerBrideByRoshaniChokshi$43.70RoshaniChokshi’sfirstsurprisingnovelforadultsisafairytalefilledstoryaboutmarriageandthesecretscoupleskeepfromeachother.That,andanenchanted(施過魔法的)houseoffthecoastofWashingtonandhotelfortune.IHaveSomeQuestionsforYouByRebeccaMakkai$27.90Imagineifyourlifewasthestuffofatruecrimedocumentary.BodieKanehastriedtomoveonpastthe1995murderofherboardingschoolroommate.Whenshereturnstotheboardingschoolasanadult,Bodierealizestherearestillmysteriesabouthowthecasewaswrappedupandjusticewasserved.1．WhatdoweknowaboutThePeopleWhoReportMoreStress?A．It’sthesecondexpensiveofthefour.B．It’sAlejandroValero’sfirstnovel.C．Itconsistsofsomeshortstories.D．Itdealswithseveraldifferentthemes.2．WhatisspecialaboutWhenTryingtoReturnHome?A．Itexploresmunity,relationshipsandsoon.B．Ittellsthetruemeaningofhomebyexperiences.C．IttellsanenchantedhouseoffthecoastofWashington.D．ItdescribeshowaBlackAmericanreturnstohishome.3．Whichofthefollowingbooksbestsuitsadetectivestorylover?A．ThePeopleWhoReportMoreStressB．WhenTryingtoReturnHomeC．TheLastTaleoftheFlowerBrideD．IHaveSomeQuestionsforYou【答案】1．C2．B3．D【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了2023年發(fā)行的四本書。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThePeopleWhoReportMoreStress部分的“Alejandro’sfirstnovelTheTownofBabyloncameoutin2022,andthisforthingshortstorycollection(亞歷杭德羅的第一部小說《巴比倫城》于2022年出版，這本即將出版的短篇故事集)”可知，這本書是短篇故事集。故選C。2．細節(jié)理解題。從WhenTryingtoReturnHome部分中的“thisshortstorycollectionexplorestheplexitiesofbelongingandthetruemeaningofhome.EachindividualstoryandthethemesmentionedarewrittenthroughtheBlackAmericanandAfroLatinoexperiences.(這本短篇小說集探討了歸屬的復(fù)雜性和家的真正意義。每個人的故事和提到的主題都是通過美國黑人和非裔拉丁美洲人的經(jīng)歷寫成的)”可知，此書通過主人公的經(jīng)歷告訴我們家的意義。故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。從最后一段“BodieKanehastriedtomoveonpastthe1995murderofherboardingschoolroommate.Whenshereturnstotheboardingschoolasanadult,Bodierealizestherearestillmysteriesabouthowthecasewaswrappedupandjusticewasserved.(博迪·凱恩試圖忘掉1995年她寄宿學校室友被謀殺的事。當她成年后回到寄宿學校時，博迪意識到案件是如何結(jié)束的，正義是如何得到伸張的，這仍然是一個謎)”可知，IHaveSomeQuestionsforYou是一本偵探小說，適合偵探故事愛好者。故選D。預(yù)測考向2考查數(shù)字計算題（2024?廣東省高三聯(lián)考·閱讀理解A）SpecialEventsinDiscoveryCenterMuseumDiscoveryCenterMuseumisachildren’ssciencemuseumlocatedindowntownRockford,Illinois.EveryyearDiscoveryCenteroffersalargenumberofspecialevents,programs,classesandmore.AllspecialeventsareincludedwithadmissiontoDiscoveryCenterMuseum.Generaladmission:$10.00adults;$10.00childrenages217;freetoDiscoveryCenterMembersandchildrenage1andyounger.MiniMonet—PreschoolProgramSeptember11,202310:00amuntil11:30amPARENTSOFPRESCHOOLERS!Encourageyouryoungchild’sinterestinartwithspecialprojectsintheArtStudio.Ournew“MiniMonet”dropinprogramwillexploreadifferentartmediumfourtimesthisfall.Theprogramisforchildrenages26,alongwiththeirgrownups.WewillcelebratenatureinourSecretGarden“painting”withtissuepaper.Monethimselfwouldbeproud!munitySuperheroestotheRescueSeptember20,202310:00amuntil2:00pmWearyourfavoritesuperherocostumeandjoinourgatheringofmunitysuperheroes.MeetREALemergencyfirstrespondersandexplorethescienceourmunityheroesuseeveryday.Ifitdoesn’tgetcalledforanemergency,youcanevengetupclosetotheMercyhealthREACThelicopterandanMDIresponsevehiclefrom10amtoNooninourparkinglot.Intheafternoon,enjoyK9dogdemonstrationsat1:00and1:30pm.JimGillConcertOctober2,202310:00amuntil1:00pmConcertsat10:00amand1:00pm.Getreadytosing,clap,danceandspinalongduringthisvisitbyawardwinningmusicianandauthorJimGill.JimGill’sdistinctivemusicplayisaninvitationtochildren,parentsandgrandparentstosingandplaytogether.Magic&FairyTalesOctober14,202310:00am2:30pmMagicandfairytalesetolifeatDiscoverCenter!edressedincostumeandenjoyawonderfuldayofmagicshowsofTNZMagicactivitiesaswellasactivitiesrelatedtobelovedfairytales.1．Howmuchdoacouplewitha2agedboypaytoattendMiniMonetPreschoolProgram?A．$10.00. B．$20.00. C．$30.00. D．$40.00.【答案】1．C【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹探索中心博物館的特別活動。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AllspecialeventsareincludedwithadmissiontoDiscoveryCenterMuseum.Generaladmission:$10.00adults;$10.00childrenages217;freetoDiscoveryCenterMembersandchildrenage1andyounger.(所有特別活動都包含在探索中心博物館的門票中。普通門票：成人：10美元;；2到17歲的孩子：10美元；探索中心會員和1歲及以下兒童免費)”可知，一對夫婦帶著一個2歲的孩子參加活動的話需要花費30元。故選C。預(yù)測考向3考查文章出處題（2024·皖南八校高三第二次大聯(lián)考·閱讀理解A）WelookforwardtowelingyoutoTheMet!Pleasereviewourvisitorguidelinesoutlinedbelowpriortoyourvisit.TheMetreservestherighttoaskvisitorswhodonotfollowtheseguidelinestoleavethemuseum.HealthandSafetyThehealthandsafetyofallisourpriority.Masksarestronglyremended.AdmissionEntranceintoTheMetrequiresaticketormembershipcard.Generaladmissionis$30foradults,$22forseniors,and$17forstudents.Admissionisfreeformembers,acaregiveracpanyingavisitorwithadisability,andchildrenunder12.OpeningHoursSundayTuesday,andThursday:10a.m.5p.m.FridayandSaturday:10a.m.9p.m.TheMetisclosedonWednesdays,ThanksgivingDay,ChristmasDay,NewYearDay,andthefirstMondayinMay.Rules◆AllvisitorsandMembersmustpassthroughsecuritychecks.◆Smoking,includingelectroniccigarettes,isnotallowedinTheMetorneartheentrances.◆Pleasepreserveyourticket.Youmaybeaskedtorevalidate(使重新生效)yourticketwhenexitingandreenteringthegalleries.◆TheMetreservestherighttorefusetheentryofanyvisitorcarryingthefollowingprohibiteditems:largebags,luggage,musicalinstruments,glasscontainers,liquidsotherthanwater,sportinggoods,anddogsorotherpets(Serviceanimalsarewele.).◆TheMetpermitsphotographyandvideoforprivate,nonmercialuse.StaffatYourServiceIfyouhaveleftsomethingbehindatTheMet,pleasecalltheLostandFoundOfficeat2125703981oremail.IfyouarecurrentlyvisitingTheMet,youcaninquiredirectlyattheSecurityDeskintheGreatHall.23．Whatisthetext?A．Financialstatements. B．Entranceregulations.C．Registrationinstructions. D．Experimentalprocedures.【答案】23．B【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一篇參觀博物館的章程。23．推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“TheMetreservestherighttoaskvisitorswhodonotfollowtheseguidelinestoleavethemuseum.(TheMet博物館有權(quán)要求不遵守這些指導(dǎo)方針的游客離開博物館)”可知，本文為一篇參觀博物館的章程。故選B項。預(yù)測考向4考查讀者對象（2024·河南省新鄉(xiāng)市高三第一次模擬·閱讀理解A）Ifyou’relookingtoloseweightormaintainhealthyweightlevels,itisimportanttoincludeoatmeal(燕麥片)inyourdiet.Itishighlynutritious,containsthebestkindofplexcarbs(碳水化合物),andishighinfiber.Let’slearnsomethingaboutit.Whyisoatmealeffectiveforlosingweight?●Firstandforemost,oatmealisaperfectsourceoffiber,whichisessentialifyou’relookingtoloseweight.Simplyput,includingmorefiberintoyourdailydietistheeasiestwaytodropthosepounds.Why?Fibermakesyoufeelfullinadditiontodigestingslowly,andsoyoueatless.●Anotherfactoristhatoatmealhasazerosugarindex,meaningyourbodywon’tneedtoproducetheextrainsulin(胰島素)thattransferssugarintostoredfat.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatifyouhavelessstoredfattobeginwith,youaregoingtoweighless.Whichkindofoatmealisbest?Ifyourgoalistoloseweight,youshouldbeawarethatnotalloatmealisthesame.Thefourmostmontypesaresteelcutoatmeal,rolledoatmeal,quickoatmealandinstantoatmeal.●Steelcutoatmeal:Itcontainsthemostfiberandhasthelowestbloodsugarindex.Itisunprocessedandhasanuttierflavorthantheothertwowhereasquickoatmealhasthemildestflavor.●Rolledandquickoatmeal:Theyarenearlyasgood,soultimatelythedecisionismostlyabouttastepreference.●Instantoatmeal:Itcontainsaddedsugarandishighlyprocessed,soyouendupwithnoneofthehealthbenefitsbutwithallofthethingsyoushouldn’tbeeatingifyouwanttoloseweight.Althoughreducingyourcalorieintakeandeatingtherightfoodsisimportant,anyweightlossprogramshouldalsoincludeexercisesothatyoudon’tlosemusclemass.21．Whoisthetextmainlyintendedfor?A．Peoplewantingtobequicklyrecharged.B．Peoplelongingtokeephealthyweightlevels.C．Peoplewhoareeagertopreparequickbreakfast.D．People