高三英語(yǔ)開(kāi)學(xué)摸底考 （北京專(zhuān)用）（考試版）

高三英語(yǔ)開(kāi)學(xué)摸底考試卷01（北京專(zhuān)用）注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Everyonecandosomethingfortheircommunityintheirownway,justlikewhatDamianhasdone.Everyweekend,1withachairandsometools,Damiansetsupastandintheneighborhood.Theyoungmanlikestoofferfree2tostreetvendors(攤販)inthecommunityandshareniceconversationswiththem.Oneday,Pacheco,theicecreamvendor,wenttothestand.Damienwasveryexcitedatthesightofthisoldfriend,who3himofsomanysweetmemoriesofthepast.Theicecreambarbroughthimalotof4whenhewasachild.NowDamiancanstillrememberthosewonderfulmoments.WhenDamianwascuttingPacheco’shair,henoticedthatPachecowas5thistime.Astheytalked,Pacheco6hissmile.Infact,helosttwoteethlastmonthandwasunwillingtosmile7forfearofsomeofthecommentshisclientshavemadeabouthisteeth.Pachecohadbeenlivingaloneandhadnointentionofgoingtothe8becausehehadneverbeentherebefore.LearningofPacheco’scurrentsituation,Damianwasdeterminedtodosomethingforhim.Afterthat,hewasbusy9Pachecotothedentalappointments.Forthreemonths,DamiandrovePachecotothedentistandmadesurethatPachecocouldreceivehismuch-neededartificialteeth.Now,Pachecofeelsmore10anddoesn’thesitatetogivehisnewshiningsmiletothepeopleinthecommunity.Theygoonwiththeirwonderfullives.1．A．provided B．a(chǎn)rmed C．satisfied D．troubled2．A．treatments B．workplaces C．haircuts D．setups3．A．freed B．reminded C．convinced D．suspected4．A．joy B．courage C．inspiration D．challenge5．A．a(chǎn)ctive B．lonely C．curious D．different6．A．hid B．spread C．showed D．observed7．A．quietly B．shyly C．warmly D．broadly8．A．bar B．clinic C．community D．stand9．A．ordering B．inviting C．a(chǎn)ccompanying D．limiting10．A．patient B．generous C．independent D．confident第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。ABydrawingpatternssuchasbamboosonthesurfaceofacupoftea,Chabaixi,anancientChineseteatrick11(go)viralrecently.Thereareadozensteps,fromgrindingteaforfinepowder,topouringboiledwater,stirringthemixtureforthickfroth(泡沫),andfinallydrawingpatterns.Clearwateritusedtoputintothecup.Whenthewater12(touch)thesurfaceoftea,itturnsintoawhitecoloranddisappearsin20minutes.Theprocessbeforedrawingisknownas“diancha.”Thequalityofitiscrucialto13thepatternscanbesuccessfullyproducedlater.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。MynameisLukeHarrisandIamasportsphotographer.Myfirstdayatworkwasn’teasy.IhadtocoveralocalfootballteamandI’dheardthattherewasn’tmuchshelteratthegroundandthewindwasstrong.Theproblemwasmoretherain,though,14washeavyandaffectedallmyshots.SofarI15(get)usedtoworkinginmanyconditions,evensnow.Youcanalwaysgetagoodphotoifyoutry.Therearesomanysimilarphotosoutthereandimaginationiswhat16(require)tomakeyoursstandout.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空?！癈onventionalwisdomtellsusthatwecanfeelhappierifwesmileorthatwecangetourselves17amoreseriousmoodifwescowl(怒視),”saidNicholasColes,aPhDatUtahUniversity.Histeamcombineddatafrom138studiestestingmorethan11,000participantsandfoundfacial18(express)dohaveimpactonfeelings.Forexample,smilingmakespeoplehappier,scowlingmakesthemfeelangrier,andfrowningmakesthem19(sad).Thesefindingareexcitingbecausetheyprovideaclueabouthowthemindandbodyinteract20(influence)ourconsciousexperienceofemotion.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分,共28分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AYoumayhopetohavehealthydietsandahealthybody.Youmaywanttoeattastyfoodthatiseasytoprepare.Youmaybeinspiredtoexerciseandstayinshape.Thegoodnewsisthatthereareappstohelpyou.PaprikaPaprikaisanapptohelpusersplanmeals,shopandcook.YoucansaverecipesfromwebsitesandfromotherappstoPaprika.Theappcanhelpkeeparecordofthefoodsyouhaveinyourhome,sowhenyougoshopping,itcanremindyouwhataretherequiredfoods.MealBoardMealBoardisanotherappthatcansuggestrecipesandhelpyouplanmeals.Thisappcansuggestrecipesbasedonthefoodyoualreadyhaveinyourhome.MealBoardcankeepalistofwhatfoodyouhaveandwhatyouexpecttobuy.Thisappcanscanbarcodes(條形碼)toadditemstoyourlist.Usingthisapp,youcanalsonotetheexpirationdates(保質(zhì)期),soyouknowwhenyourfoodisnolongerusable.MealBoardletsuserssaverecipesfromwebsitesandthensearchthembyfoodsusedintherecipes.Forexample,youcansearchforrecipesthathave“chocolate”inthem.IEatWellTheIEatWellappsupportshealthyeatingbygivingusersrewardsforeatingtherightfoods.Ifyoulikeearningrewardsformeetingyourgoals,IEatWellmayworkwellforyou.Insteadofmeasuringhowmuchyoueat,IEatWellmeasureshowwellyoueat.Telltheappwhatyouareeatingforyourmeal.Youcanevenaddaphoto.Theappwillratehowhealthyyourmealis,andthengiveyouarewardifyouareeatingwell.21．WhatdotheappsPaprikaandMealBoardhaveincommon?A．Theycanscanbarcodes.B．Theycanletyouknowwhatyouneedtobuy.C．Theycankeeparecordofthemealsyoueatoutside.D．Theycantellifthefoodhaspassedtheexpirationdates.22．WhatcanIEatWelldoifyoueatahealthydiet?A．Itcanmeasurehowmucheat. B．Itcangiveyouareward.C．Itcangiveyouapicture. D．Itcanprovideyouwithrecipes.23．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tomakesomecomparisonsamonggameapps.B．Tointroducesomewaysabouthowtostayhealthy.C．Tointroduceseveralappstohelppeoplekeepfit.D．Tocallonpeopletobuytheseapps.BIwasbornmissingmyleftarm.In1986,at18months,Iwasfittedwithaprosthetic(義肢)device,adecisionmadebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normally”.Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetryingtofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtoeasethepainsofthestaresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.BythetimeIwas8,Ihadnoself-confidence,andthehandIwaswearingwasmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIwasbetteroffwithoutone.Ididn’tneedanyonetofixme.ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.IwasselectedtomyfirstAustralianwomen’sswimmingteamatage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryforeightyears.IrealizedI’dmadeanameformyselfbecauseofmydisability.Itaughtmyselfhowtobecomfortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIwasfirstcontactedin2021byCovvi,acompanytryingtocreatetheworld’smostadvancedbionic(仿生的)hand,Iwasabitsurprised.Theyaskedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobecomeapatientadvocate.Initially,Isaidno.Then,curiositygotthebetterofme.WhileIwasbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.Viewingdisabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheirenvironmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualdisability.Asthoseconversationsshifted,Irealizedthattherewasanopportunitytousetechnologytosteerthenarrativeforfuturegenerations.InJuly2022,Idecidedtotrialthehand.Theroleofpatientadvocateisanenormousprivilege.Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.24．Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause________.A．shewaslongingforfame B．sportsgaveherself-confidenceC．shewantedtodefeatherdisability D．herprostheticdeviceempoweredher25．FromPurdyandVujicic,theauthorlearned________.A．morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimitsB．thedisabledneededafriendlierenvironmentC．socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunitiesD．technologyshiftedpeople’sattitudestodisability26．Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Intelligentandbrave.B．Warm-heartedandpatient.C．Responsibleandstrong-willed.D．Independentandinnovative.27．Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneshould________.A．maximizeone’sabilitiesbyembracingrealityB．buildone’ssocialcirclewithoptimismC．sticktoone’sgoaltoachievesuccessD．takeiteasyindifficultsituationsCImaginebeinganOlympicracer.Beforesteppingontothetrack,youhavetodecidewhichpairofshoestowear:Onemadefromsustainablematerialsoratraditionallybuiltmodel?Ifyou’relikemostpeople,you’doptforthenon-sustainableversion.Consumerbehaviorresearchindicatessustainableproductsareoftenassumedtobeweaker,lessdurableandperformworsethannon-sustainableones.Butarethereinstancesinwhichsustainabilityisnotaliability?Toinvestigatethis,researchersconductedaseriesofstudies.Theytheorizedthatundersomecircumstances,sustainabilitymayprovideahaloeffect,meaningthatbeingperceivedassustainablealsoleadsconsumerstoassumeotherpositivecharacteristicsaboutthemaswell.Inthefirststudy,595participantswereaskedtomakejudgmentsaboutseveralhouseholdproductslikewashingpowder.Theresultssuggestone’svaluesdoplayarole:Peoplewithhigherenvironmentalvaluesviewedsustainableproductsasalsobeinghigher-performing,thuslendingsupportforthehaloeffecttheory.Thesecondexperimentlookedspecificallyattheeffectofmessaging,testingtoseewhetherfocusingthesustainabilityclaimsonthecompany,asopposedtotheproduct,wouldbemoreeffectiveindrivingparticipants’beliefinproductperformance.270participantswereasked.Theresultssuggestthatassociatingsustainabilitywiththecompanyhasamuchlargerimpactthanmessagingaboutproductsustainability.Study3soughttofurtherexpandthesemechanismsbyexaminingtheinfluenceofsocietalimpact.148participantswhosawvariousadvertisementsforproductseitherdescribedashavinga“sustainablebenefit”or“societalbenefit”weremorelikelytoseetheproductsasbeingofhigherperformanceiftheywerepresentedaspositivelyimpactingsociety,aboveandbeyondmerelybeingsustainable,supportingtheideathatthehaloeffectisdrivenbythebeliefofthecompanyasamoralagentengagedinsociallybeneficialbehavior.Contrarytopreviousthinking,thisresearchillustratesthatsustainabilityclaimscanproducepositivebeliefaboutproductperformanceintheaboveconditions.Likethetrackstar,consumersoftenfeelsustainabilityandperformanceexcludeeachother.Whenthebrand(品牌)presentsitjusttherightway,theredoesn’tneedtobeatrade-off.Thesecanbeoneandthesame.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)iability”inparagraph2mean?A．Priority. B．Secret. C．Drag. D．Target.29．Productsustainabilityproducesapositivehaloeffectwhensustainabilityclaims_________.A．highlighttheproduct B．a(chǎn)reaimedtogenerateprofitsC．contrastwithconsumers’values D．a(chǎn)remadeaboutthecompanyitself30．Onwhatbasisdidtheresearchersreachthestudyoutcome?A．Previousexperience. B．Salesstatistics.C．Respondents’opinions. D．Socialphenomenon.DComfortfoodmakesapersonfeelgood.Foodhighinsugarorfattendstoimprovemoodbystimulatingthebrain’srewardsystem.Soitmakessensethatmanyofusmayturntofoodforcomfortintimesofstress.There’ssomefascinatingresearchthatexaminesfoodasasourceofcomfort.However,themostinterestingthingaboutthisresearchmaybethatfoodsarefarlesscomfortingthanwetendtobelievetheyare.TraciMann,aprofessorofpsychology,andcolleaguesconductedaseriesofstudywithcollegestudents.Theresearchersexaminedhowmuchcomfortfoodsactuallyimprovemood.Theyprovidedstudentswithoneofthethreefoodsthattheyhadindicatedweretheirtop,personalcomfortfoods.Afterproducinganegativemoodbyhavingthemwatchmovieclipsdesignedtoincreasetheirsadness,angerandanxiety,theresearchersofferedthestudentstheircomfortfood.Theyhadtoassess(評(píng)估)howtheyfeltbeforeandaftertheyweresupposedlycomfortedbyicecream,pizzaorwhatevertheyhadindicatedtheytypicallyatetofeelbetter.Allofthestudentscompletedthestudyontwoseparateoccasions:oncewhentheywereabletoeattheircomfortfoodandoncewhentheywereabletoeatanotherfoodtheyliked,buttheywouldn’tcallacomfortfood.Theresearchersfoundthatcomfortfooddidimprovestudents’moods-butonlybyalittlebitandnotmorethantheotherfoodtheyliked.Inanotherstudy,comfortfoodwascomparedtonofoodatall,andstudents’moodsseemedtoimproveevenwhentheydidn’teatanything—mostlikelyjustduetothepassageoftime.Thetake-homemessagefromthestudies?Whilethecomfortfoodmaymakethepersonfeelbetterforthetimebeing,itdoeslittletoaddressemotionalproblems.Ofcourse,everyonecanindulge(縱情)inacomfortfoodfromtimetotime,butoverall,aimfortheseinstancestobetheexceptionratherthantherule.31．WhichaspectofcomfortfooddoTractMann’sstudiesfocuson?A．Themeansbywhichitaffectsmood. B．Itsroleinreducingnegativity.C．Itsimpactonphysicalhealth. D．Theextenttowhichitliftsmood.32．Howwerethestudiescarriedout?A．Byanalyzingquestionnairesaboutcomfortfoods.B．Byobservingstudents’differentreactionstofoods.C．BycollectingdataaboutpeoplefromallwalksoflifeD．Bycomparingstudents’feelingsondifferentoccasions.33．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A．Toexplainarule. B．Tointroduceaconcept.C．Tomakeasuggestion. D．Topresentafact.34．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheSciencebehindComfortFood B．ComfortFoodMaynotWorkWondersC．FeelingNegative?TryComfortFood D．ComfortFoodTendtoBeUnhealthy第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分,共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。MinorSnow,or“Xiaoxue”inChinese,isthe20thofthe24traditionalChinesesolarterms,andwilllastfromNovember22toDecember6thisyear.Itisthesecondsolartermofwinter,andindicatesthatsnowisabouttoarrive.Fromthissolartermonwards,peopleinSouthChinawillbegintofeelthecomingofwinter.35Picklingvegetables.InNanjing,it’scustomarytomakepickleduringtheMinorSnowperiod,andthensaltedmeatduringMajorSnow.DuringMinorSnow,36InHangzhou,peoplewillstarttomakesaucedduckandChinesebacon.Eatingglutinous(黏的)ricecakesInmanyareasofSouthernChina,peopleeatglutinousricecakesduringMinorSnow.Intheseplaces,there’sasaying:“十月朝，糍粑碌碌燒.”Inthissaying,“碌(lu)”meansthatpeopleusetheirchopstickstopickupaglutinousricecakeandrollitlikeawheelinabowlfullofsesameandpeanutsugar,and“燒(shao)”indicatesthattheglutinousricecakesaresteaminghot.CookingmeatdishesDuringMinorSnow,peopleinmanyregionsofChinawillkillpigs,whileduringMajorSnow,theywillkillsheep.Nomatterwhichhouseholdkillstheanimal,neighborsandfriendswillallcometohelp.Aftertheanimalhasbeenslaughtered(屠宰),37EatingmoreporridgeandsoupEatingmoreporridgeandsoupinwinterisgoodforyourhealth.Forinstance,wheatporridgecannourishtheheart,whileradishporridgecanimprovedigestionandreducephlegmthatoftenarriveswiththechangingweather.Soupsalsohelpkeeppeoplehealthyandcanimprovetheimmunesystem.38DrinkingmorewaterWealreadyknowthatdrinkingmorewaterisbeneficialformetabolism.Duringthewintermonths,itishighlyrecommendedtodrinkacupofwarmwateronanemptystomachintheearlymorning.Inthisway,bloodviscositycanbereduced,andcardiovascularandcerebrovasculardiseasescanbeprevented.DuringMinorSnow,honeywater,whiteradishwaterandpearwaterareexcellentchoices,ashoneywatercanmoistendrynessandhelpdetoxify,whiteradishwatercanclearheat,whilepearcanmoistenthelungsandrelievestubborncoughs.StayingwarmTheweatheriscold,butnotyettoocold.Therefore,manypeopleforgettoputontheirhatsandscarves,39.Ifonewantstokeephealthy,theyshouldchangetheirclothesinaccordancewiththeweather.A．Withtheweatherbecomingincreasinglycold,peoplewaitexpectantlyforthefirstsnow.B．Wesuggestyouprepareseveralsetsofwinterclothes.C．whichleavesthemmorelikelytocatchacold.D．Forinstance,fishsoupissaidtoinvigoratethespleen,stimulateappetite,andrelievecoughsandcolds.E．everyhouseholdwillbegintomakepickledanddriedvegetables.F．Fromthissolartermonwards,thenortheastwindwillblowmorefrequently.G．thehostwillpreparedishesandholdaparty,whichsymbolizesunity,harmony,peaceandprosperity.第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié),32分）第一節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)（共4小題,共12分;第40、41小題,每小題2分;第42題,3分;第43題,5分）閱讀下面短文，按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered(觸發(fā))bythesecues.A“habitloop(環(huán))”isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward﹣thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it’s