2022屆高考英語備考：閱讀理解精練

2022屆高考英語備考：閱讀理解精練

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。

(-)

Igrewupinasmalltown.Myfatherraisedchickensandranaconstructioncompany.

Iwasbarely10yearsoldwhenmydadgavemetheresponsibility［責(zé)任］offeedingthe

chickensandcleaningupthestable.Hebelieveditwasimportantformetohavethose

jobstolearnresponsibility.Then,whenIwas22,IfoundajobinNatchbillatacountry

musicclubcalledtheNatchbillPalace,Iwasheddishesandcookedfrom4：00pmto

9：00pmandthenwentonstageandsanguntil2：00inthemorning.Itwasn'tlong

beforeIbecameknownasasingingcook.Ihadbeenrejectedsomanytimesbyrecord

companiesthatitwashardnottobediscouraged.Onenight,awomanexecutive［懂事］

fromacompanynamedWarnerBrothersRecordscametohearmesing.Whentheshow

wasover,wesatdownandtalkedandaftersheleft,Isaidtomyselfitwasonemore

rejection.Afewweekslater,mymanagerreceivedaphonecall—WarnerBrothers

wantedtosignmetoarecorddeal.Soonafter,IreleasedmyfirstrecordinJune1986.

Itsoldover2millioncopies.MybesteffortshadgoneintoeveryjobI'veeverheld.Itwas

thesenseofresponsibilitythatmademefeellikeaman.KnowingthatIhaddonemy

bestfilledmewithpride.Istillfeelthatwaytoday,eventhoughIhavebecomea

well-knownsinger.

1.Whywasthewriteronceknownasthesingingcook?

A.Becausehewasacookatacountry-musicclub.

B.Becausehesangforguestswhileheworkedasacook.

C.Becauseheoftensangwhilecooking.

D.Becausehelikedsingingbetterthancooking.

2.Whofirstrecognizedhistalentsandhelpedmakehiscareersuccessful?

A.WarmerBrothers.B.Hismanager.

C.Hisfather.D.Abusinesswoman.

3.Whatmadethewriterproudofhimself?

A.Hisabilitytoliveindependently.

B.Hissenseofresponsibilityinwhateverhedid.

C.Hiscourageinthefaceofrejections.

D.Hishardworkinhisearlydays.

（二）

Inancienttimesthemostimportantexaminationswerespoken,notwritten.Inthe

schoolsofancientGreeceandRome,testingusuallywasmadeupofsayingpoetry

aloudandgivingspeeches.

IntheEuropeanuniversitiesoftheMiddleAges,studentswhowereworkingfor

advanceddegreeshadtodiscussquestionsintheirfieldofstudywithpeoplewhohad

madeaspecialstudyofthesubject.Thiscustomexiststodayaspartoftheprocessof

testingcandidates[應(yīng)試者]forthedoctor'sdegree.

Generally,however,modemexaminationsarewritten.Thewrittenexamination,

whereallstudentsaretestedonthesamequestions,wasprobablynotknownuntilthe

nineteenthcentury.Perhapsitcameintoexistencewiththegreatincreaseinpopulation

andthedevelopmentofmodemindustry.Aroomfullofcandidatesforastate

examinationtimedexactlybyelectricclocksandcarefullywatchedoverbymanagers,

lookslikeagroupofworkersatanautomobilefactory.Certainly,duringexaminations

teachersandstudentsareexpectedtoactlikemachines.

Onetypeoftestissometimescalledan"objective"test.Itisintendedtodealwith

facts,notpersonalopinions.Tomakeupanobjectivetest,theteacherwritesa

series[——系歹U]ofquestions,eachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.Alongwitheach

questiontheteacherwritesthecorrectanswerandalsothreestatementsthatlooklike

answerstostudentswhohavenotlearnedthematerialproperly.

4.ThemainideaofParagraphThreeisthat.

A.workersnowtakeexaminations

B.thepopulationhasgrown

C.thereareonlywrittenexamstoday

D.examinationsarenowwrittenandtimed

5.Thekindofexamswherestudentsmustselectanswersare

A.objectiveB.personal

C.spokenD.written

6.Modemindustrymusthavedeveloped.

A.aroundthe19thcenturyB.beforetheMiddleAges

C.inGreeceorRomeD.machinestotaketests

7.Itmaybeconcludedthattesting.

A.shouldtestonlyopinionsB.shouldalwaysbewritten

C.isgivenonlyinfactoriesD.haschangedsincetheMiddleAges

(三)

Havingoneofthosedaysorweeks-wheneverythingseemstoannoyyou?Even

ifyoudonothingaboutit,yourbadmoodwillprobablygoawayaftersometime.Butwith

alittleeffort,youcanforgetitmuchfaster—oftenwithinadayortwo.

Walkitoff

Exerciseisthemostpopularbad-moodbuster.Apersonwho'sinabadmoodhas

lowenergyandhightension.Takingafastten-minutewalk,ordoingsomequick

exercisescandowonderstowardschangingthatbadmood.

Tuneitout

Listeningtoyourfavoritemusicforawhilecanalsomaketensiongoawayquickly,

becausemusicstartsassociationswithpastpositiveexperienceswe'vehad.

Giveyourselfapeptalk

Stopandlistentowhat'sonyourmind.Badmoodsareoftenstartedbytoomany

negativethoughts.Writethemalldownonpaper;thepessimistic［悲觀的］messages

you'vebeengivingyourselfandthengiveoptimisticanswers.("Istilldon'thaveajob."

Vs"Ihavetwointerviewsnextweek.")

Reduceyourstress

Relaxationtechniquesarewonderfulmood-lifters.Theseincludedeepbreathing,

stretchingandvisualizing［想象］,allofwhichsoundcomplicatedbutaren't.Oneeasy

waytovisualize：closeyoureyesandpictureafavoriteplace,suchasthebeach.

Anothersimplewaytoagainstdistressistomakeato-dolist.Onereasonforbeingina

badmoodisfeelingyouhavenooptions［選擇權(quán)］Bytakingcontrolovercertainareas,

yourealizeyou'renothelpless.Youcanmakechangesinyourmoodandlife.

Avoidthingsthatwontimproveyourmood

TVmaynothelpmuch：Youneedtoincreaseyourenergylevelandstimulateyour

mindsomething—thattheTVshow"Neighbors"wontdo.Andbeforeyoureachforthat

pieceofcakeandcoffee,thinkabouthowmoodandfoodarelinked.Sugarandcaffeine

contributetodepressedmoods.Thebetterchoice?Researchshowsthat

carbohydrates,suchaspotatoesandpasta,produceacalmingeffectinpeoplewho

haveadesireforthem.

8.Welearnfromthetextthatitmighthelpridusofabadmood.

A.todonothingaboutit

B.totakealongwalkonthebeach

C.todosomeexerciseswithlightmusic

D.totalkittoneighbors

9.Whyisitsuggestedthatyoucloseyoureyesandpicturethebeach?

A.Itisnotcomplicatedtodoso.

B.Itisanareatobeeasilycontrolled.

C.Ithelpsbeatabadmood.

D.Itbringsusanewtechnique.

10.TVmaynotimproveyourmoodbecause.

A.itsometimesshowswhathappensaroundyou

B.itkeepsyoustayunmoved

C.itremindsyouofeatinganddrinking

D.itproducesacalmingeffect

11.Thistextmostprobablyappearsin.

A.abookonphysicalexercisesB.adoctorshandbook

C.anoticeD.amagazine

(四)

Weoftenusethewords"growth"and"development"asiftheymeantbasicallythe

samething.Butthismaynotalwaysbethecase.Onecaneasilyimagineinstancesin

whichacountryhasachievedhigherlevelsofincome(growth)withlittleornobenefit

comingtomostofitscitizens(development).

Inthepast,mostdevelopmentpolicieswereaimedatincreasingthegrowthrateof

incomepercap間人均所得］.Manyarestillbasedonthetheorythatbenefitofeconomic

growthwillcometoallmembersofsociety.Ifthistheoryiscorrect,growthshould

encouragedevelopment.

Bytheearly1970s,however,therelationshipbetweengrowthanddevelopment

wasbeingquestioned.AmajorstudybytheWorldBankin1974concludedthatitisnow

clearthatmorethandecadesofrapidgrowthindevelopingcountrieshasbeenoflittle

benefitto&thirdoftheirpopulation.

TheWorldBankstudyshowedthatincreaseinGNPpercapitadidnotpromise

importantimprovementsinsuchdevelopmentindicatorsasnutrition［營養(yǎng)］,health,and

education.AlthoughGNPpercapitadidindeedrise,itsbenefitcamedowntoonlya

smallpartofthepopulation.Thisrealizationgivesrisetoacallfornewdevelopment

policies.Thesenewpoliciesfavoragricultureoverindustry,callfornational

redistribution［資源分酉己［ofincomeandwealth,andencourageprogramstosatisfysuch

basicneedsasfoodandshelter.

Inthelate1970sandearly1980stheinternationalmacroeconomiccrises［大規(guī)模的經(jīng)

濟(jì)危機］ofhighoilprices,worldwiderecession［衰退］andthethirdworlddebt,forced

attentionawayfromprogramsdesignedtogetridofpoverty.However,thelesson

remains：economicgrowthdoesnotPromiseeconomicdevelopment.Effortsmaybe

requiredtochangegrowingoutputcapacity［能力］intoeconomicbenefitthatreachmost

ofanationspeople.

12.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttherelationshipbetweengrowth

anddevelopment?

A.Growthanddevelopmentrefertothesamething.

B.Growthalwaysbringsaboutdevelopment.

C.Developmentisnotanecessaryresultofgrowth.

D.Developmentisareliablemeasureofgrowth.

13.Beforethe1970s,mostdevelopmentpolicieswerebasedontheorythat

economicgrowthwouldbenefit.

A.mostpeopleinsocietyB.somepeopleinsociety

C.fewpeopleinsocietyD.everyoneinsociety

14.accordingtothestudybytheWorldBankin1974,economicgrowthinsome

backwardcountriesbrought.

A.benefittoathirdoftheirpopulation

B.benefittotwothirdsoftheirpopulation

Clittlebenefittotheirpeople

D.nobenefitatalltotheirpeople

15.Ifthepassagecontinues,whatwouldtheauthormostlikelydiscussinthenext

paragraph?

A.Howtoturngrowthintodevelopment.

B.Howtoremovepovertyfromsociety.

C.Howtodecreasethethirdworlddebt.

D.Howtocopewitheconomiccrises.

（五）

"I'vechangedmymind.Iwantedtohaveatelescope,butnowIwantmydadback."

LucienLawrence'slettertoFatherChristmaswrittenafterhisfatherhadbeenknifedto

deathoutsidehisschoolgate,musthavetouchedeveryheart.Lucienwentontosay

thatwithouthisfatherhecouldn'tseethestarsinthesky.Whenthosewhomwelove

departfromus,wecannotseethestarsforawhile.

ButLucien,thestarsarestillthere,andoneday,whenyouareolderandyour

tearshavegone,youwillseethemagain.And,inastrangeway,Iexpectthatyouwill

findyourfatheristheretoo,inyourmindandinyourheart.Ifindthatmyparents,long

deadnow,stillfigureinmanyofmydreamsandthatIthinkofthemperhapsmorethan

Ieverdidwhentheywerealive.IstilllivetopleasethemandI'mstillsurprisedbytheir

reactions.IrememberthatwhenIbecameaprofessor,Iwassoproud,orratherso

pleasedwithmyself,thatIcouldn'twaittocablemyparents.Thereplywasalongtime

incoming,butwhenitdid,allmothersaidwas,"Ihopethismeansthatnowyouw川

havemoretimeforthechildren."Ihaven'tforgotten.Thevaluesofmyparentsstillliveon.

ItmakesmepauseandthinkabouthowIwillliveonintheheartsandmindsofmy

childrenandofthoseforwhomIcare.WouldIhavebeenasreadyasPhilipLawrence

havebeentofacetheaggressors［挑戰(zhàn)者］,andtolaydownmylifeforthoseinmycare?

HowmanypeoplewouldwantmebackforChristmas?Itsaseriousthought,oneto

givemepause.

Ipraysilently,sometimes,inthedeadofnight,thatancientcryofapoet"Deliver

mysoulfromthesword,andmydarlingfromthepowerofthedog."YetIknowthedeath

comestousall,andsometimescomessuddenly.Wemustthereforeplantoliveforever,

butliveasifwewilldietomorrow.Weliveon,inthelivesofthoseweloved,and

thereforeweoughttohaveacareforwhattheywillrememberandwhattheywilltreasure.

Ifmoreparentsknewthisintheirheartstobetrue,theremightbefewerknivesonour

streetstoday.

16.accordingtothewholetextwecanseethatthefirstparagraph.

A.putsforwardthesubjectofthetext

B.showstheauthorspityonthekid

C.actsasanintroductiontothediscussion

D.makesaclearstatementoftheauthorsviews

17.Inthesecondparagraphtheauthormainlywantstoexplaintous.

A.howmuchhemisseshisparentsnow

B.whyhisparentsoftenappearinhisdreams

C.whenLucienwillgetoverallhissadness

D.howproudhewaswhenhesucceededinlife

18.Whatfeelingdidtheauthorsmotherexpressinherreply?

A.Proud.B.Happy.C.Disappointed.D.Worried.

19.Intheauthorsopinion,thevalueofapersonslifeis.

A.toleavebehindapreciousmemorytothepeoplerelated

B.tohaveahighsenseofdutytothewholesociety

C.tocarewhatotherswillrememberandtreasure

D.tosharehappinessandsadnesswithhisfamily

20.Whatdoesthewritermeanbythesentencetakenfromanoldpoem?

A.Calloncriminalsandmurdererstolaydowntheirguns.

B.Adviseparentsstaywiththeirchildrensafelyathome.

C.Spendeverydaymeaningfullyinmemoryofthedeath.

D.Trytokeepviolenceandmurderfarawayfromsociety.

參考答案與解析

（一）本文講述了作者通過刻苦磨練，最終成為一個著名的歌唱家的故事。

1.B推斷題。由第六七句Iwasheddishesandcooked...thenwentonstageand

sang...Itwasn'tlongbeforeIbecameknownasasingingcook可知。

2.D細(xì)節(jié)題。由Onenight,awomanexecutive［懂事］fromacompanynamed

WarnerBrothersRecords及后文可知。

3.B由文章倒數(shù)第三句Itwasthesenseofresponsibilitythatmademefeellikea

man可知。

（二）文章主要講述了古代和現(xiàn)代一些考試方式的變化和發(fā)展。

4.D主旨題。由本段第一句和第四句可知。

5.A細(xì)節(jié)題。由最后一段可知。

6.A細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段中的…untilthenineteenth可知century.Perhapsitcameinto

existencewiththeincreaseinpopulationandthedevelopmentofmodernindustry

7.D主旨題。文章主要說明了考試方式從中世紀(jì)以來的發(fā)展和變化。

（三）本文介紹了改善不良心情的幾種方式。

8.C細(xì)節(jié)題。綜合