2021新高考英語人教版一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案第一編必修5Unit1Greatscientists

Unit1Greatscientists晨背分鐘填詞并背記AStrangeDiseaseWhentheconstructionofthefireworkfactorycametothestageofpainting,apumpwasputin.Then,allthepaintersintheneighbourhoodweredefeatedbyaseverediseasewhosecharacteristicwasaliketothatofabadburn.Anexpertphysicianwasinstructedtoattendtothevictimsandhandlethiscase.Hewasenthusiastic,_buthedidn'tforeseethatitwasahardchallenge.Afterasimpleenquiry,_heannouncedthatthepollutedpaintwastoblame.Butwithoutpositiveevidence,peoplesuspectedandrejectedhisview,sayingthetheoryheput_forwardmade_no_sense.Beingmuchmorestrict_withhimself,hecontributedhimselftothecase.Apart_frommakingenquiries,hemadedetailedchartsandanalysedthedatacautiously.Finally,hedrew_a_scientific_conclusion,_linkingthediseasetotheradiuminthepump.Exposed_toradium,akindofradioactivematerialintheuniverse,_peopleabsorbedradiationandgotsickimmediately.Spinningthepumpbackward,_hetookawaytheradium.Thissimplemovementcuredallthevictims.一種奇怪的疾病當(dāng)那座煙花工廠的建設(shè)到了油漆階段時，一個水泵被安裝進來。接著，附近的油漆工都得了一種嚴重的疾病(疾病擊敗油漆工)，其特征與燒傷相似。一位經(jīng)驗豐富的內(nèi)科醫(yī)生被指定去照顧受害者并負責(zé)處理這一案例。他熱情地投入到工作中，但是卻沒有預(yù)見到這是一次艱難的挑戰(zhàn)。在簡單的詢問后，他就宣布說罪魁禍首是受污染的油漆(油漆應(yīng)受責(zé)備)。但是沒有確實的證據(jù)，人們很懷疑并拒絕他的觀點，大家都說他提出的理論毫無道理。他對自己要求更加嚴格，全身心地投入研究。除了詢問，他還制作了詳細的圖表，謹慎地分析各項數(shù)據(jù)。最后，他終于得出了一個科學(xué)的結(jié)論，把疾病和水泵中的鐳聯(lián)系起來。鐳是宇宙中的一種放射性物質(zhì)，當(dāng)暴露在鐳的輻射中時，人體吸收其射線，會立刻染上疾病。他把水泵向后旋轉(zhuǎn)，拿走了里面的鐳。這個簡單的動作治愈了所有的受害者。1．painter(n.)畫家；油漆匠→paint(v.)描繪；涂→painting(n.)油畫；繪畫2．scientific(adj.)科學(xué)的→science(n.)科學(xué)→scientist(n.)科學(xué)家3．challenge(n.)挑戰(zhàn)(vt.)向……挑戰(zhàn)→challenging(4．pollute(vt.)污染；敗壞→polluted(adj.)被污染的→pollution(5．a(chǎn)nnounce(vt.)宣布；述說→announcement(n.)通知；宣告→announcer(6．certainty(n.)確信；確實→certain(adj.)確實的；肯定的→certainly(adv.)確定；肯定7．instruct(vt.)命令；指示；教導(dǎo)→instruction(n.)教導(dǎo)；傳授的或獲得的知識→instructions(8．responsible(adj.)有責(zé)任的；負責(zé)的→responsibility(n.)責(zé)任；負責(zé)9．construct(vt.)建設(shè)；修建→construction(10．cautious(adj.)小心的；謹慎的→caution(n.)小心；警告11．reject(vt.)拒絕；不接受；拋棄→rejection(12．lookinto調(diào)查13．leadto通向；導(dǎo)致14．betoblame應(yīng)受譴責(zé)；應(yīng)負責(zé)任

重點知識分鐘conclusionn.結(jié)論；結(jié)局(P1)(1)單句語法填空I'veetothe________thathe'snottherightpersonforthejob.答案：conclusion(2)單句寫作①最后，我想說我今天玩得非常開心。________________，I'dliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.②她在演講結(jié)束時提醒我們所擔(dān)負的責(zé)任。She________________byremindingusofourresponsibility.答案：①Inconclusion②concludedthespeech(1)e_to/arrive_at/reach/draw_aconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion總而言之；最后(2)concludev.推斷決定concludeeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.fromsth.從某事中推斷出某事,fromsth.that...從某事中推斷,出……))concludevi.斷定；決定concludeeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(withsth.以某事結(jié)束,bydoingsth.通過做某事結(jié)束))attendvt.照顧；護理；出席；參加(P2)單句寫作①你如果提前告訴我的話，我就會去參加你的婚禮了。Ifyouhadtoldmebeforehand,I________________________________.②首要任務(wù)是照顧傷者。Themainthingisto____________theinjured.③我也許會遲到，我有一兩件事要處理。Imaybelate—Ihavegotoneortwothings______________.答案：①wouldhaveattendedyourwedding②attendto③toattendtoattendschool/class/church上學(xué)/上課/去教堂attendameeting/lecture/wedding/funeral/party參加會議/聽演講/參加婚禮/參加葬禮/出席聚會attendtosb.看護，照料某人attendto處理(生意或個人事務(wù))；接待(顧客)[名師點津]attend側(cè)重“參加”之意。attendto作“處理”講時，與do/dealwith近義；作“照顧”講時，與takecareof,lookafter近義。exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光(P2)(1)單句語法填空①Somepeoplethinkweshouldn'texposechildrento________(play)putergames.②________(expose)tostrongsunlightwilldoharmtoyourskin.③If________(expose)totheoutsidesurroundings,they'llbestrongerandbetterpreparedfortheirfuture.答案：①playing②Beingexposed③exposed(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換Shehasthecouragetoexposeherselftothedangers.→Shehasthecourageto________________thedangers.答案：beexposedto(1)expose...to...使……顯露；暴露be_exposed_to暴露于……；接觸……exposesb.tosth.使某人接觸到/體驗?zāi)澄?2)exposedadj.無保護的；無遮蔽的exposuren.顯露；暴露；揭露；曝光[名師點津]及物動詞expose后若無賓語，則常常使用它的被動形式；在expose...to...以及beexposedto結(jié)構(gòu)中，to為介詞，其后要用名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。absorbvt.吸收；吸引；專心于(P2)(1)單句語法填空①Plantsabsorbcarbondioxide________theairandmoisture________thesoil.②Ittakesafewminutestoabsorbalcohol________thebloodstream.③________(absorb)inhiswork,hesimplyforgottohavesupperandsleep.答案：①from;from②into③Absorbed(2)單句寫作一縷微弱的光線從墻上的小孔中透過來，他專心致志于讀書中。Aweakrayoflightcameinthroughasmallholeinthewallandhe____________________________.答案：wasabsorbedinhisreading(1)absorb...from...從……中吸收……absorb...into...把……吸收進……be_absorbed_into被……吞并/并入beabsorbedin...全神貫注于……(2)absorbedadj.全神貫注的absorbingadj.十分吸引人的[名師點津]beabsorbedin(doing)sth.結(jié)構(gòu)常用其過去分詞形式absorbedin...在句中作狀語、定語。blamevt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)n.過失；責(zé)備(P2)(1)單句語法填空①Sheblamedherhusband________thefailureoftheirmarriage.②Sheblamedthefailureoftheirmarriage________herhusband.③Shelaidtheblame________thefailureoftheirmarriage________herhusband.答案：①for②on③for;on(2)用blame/charge/accuse的適當(dāng)形式填空①Itisobviousthatyouareto________fortheaccident.②Shewassaidtohavebeen________withdrunkdriving.③Iwastoldthathewas________ofmurder.答案：①blame②charged③accused(1)blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而責(zé)備某人blamesth.onsb.將某事歸咎于某人be_to_blame(forsth.)(對某事)應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該受責(zé)備(2)accept/shoulder/taketheblamefor...對……負責(zé)；為……承擔(dān)責(zé)任put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.將某事歸咎于某人[名師點津](1)betoblame為主動形式表示被動意義，因此不能再用被動語態(tài)。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(2accusesb.ofdoingsth.,chargesb.withdoingsth.))eq\a\vs4\al(控告某人做某事)contributevt.&vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助(P4)(1)單句語法填空①Participatinginthecontestwillbeagoldenchanceformetoshowmydancingskillsandmakea________(contribute)totheclass.②Everyoneiswillingtocontributefoodandclothes________thehomelesspeople.答案：①contribution②to/towards(2)單句寫作——句式升級他對這所大學(xué)貢獻如此之大，以至于新圖書館以他的名字命名。a．普通表達：________________________________________________________thenewlibrarywasnamedafterhim.(such...that...狀語從句)b．高級表達：________________________________________________________thatthenewlibrarywasnamedafterhim.(such...that...倒裝句)答案：a.Hemadesuchagreatcontributiontotheuniversitythatb．Suchagreatcontributiontotheuniversitydidhemake(1)contributesth.to/towards...向……捐獻某物contributeto有助于；導(dǎo)致；為……作貢獻；為……捐款；向……投稿(2)contributionn.捐款；捐獻；貢獻；投稿makeacontribution/contributionsto對……作出貢獻；為……捐款[名師點津]表示“引起；導(dǎo)致；有助于”的詞語有contributeto,resultin,bringabout,leadto,cause等。putforward提出(建議等)；提名；推薦；將……提前；撥快(P1)(1)寫出下列句中putforward的含義①Asfortheproblemyouputforwardinyourlastletter,Ithinkitisawisechoiceforyoutobuyane-dictionary.________②Ithinkheisfitfortheposition;therefore,I'llputhimforwardasacandidate.________③Putyourwatchforward;it'sfiveminutesslow.________④Theyhaveputforwardthedateoftheirweddingbyoneweek.________答案：①提出②推薦③撥快④將……提前(2)用put相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空①We'retryingto____________afewhundreddollarseverymonthtowardourvacation.②Nowtheelectricfanisnotinuse.Let's________it________.③Withtwogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherthefirewas____________.答案：①putaside②put;away③putoutapartfrom除……之外；此外(P4)單句寫作①不考慮薪水的話，這工作還不錯，可以整天開心地和孩子們在一起。____________thesalary,it'snotabadjob,enjoyingourselveswiththekidsallday.②除了打掃庭院和為老人們鋪床外，我們還為他們讀報紙并且跟他們聊天。____________________theyardandmakingthebedfortheold,wealsoreadnewspapersforthemandhadchatswiththem.③他們長得太像了，很難把他們區(qū)分開。Theyaresoalike,andit'sdifficultto________________.答案：①Apartfrom②Apartfromcleaning③tellthemapart(1)apartfrom具有下列三層含義：①相當(dāng)于aswellas/inadditionto，指“除……之外(還)；此外；加之”，強調(diào)“另外還有”；②相當(dāng)于asidefrom，指“除了……外”；③相當(dāng)于exceptfor，指“除了……外(都)；要不是”，是在對某人或物整體上肯定的同時，特別指出其不足之處。(2)take...apart將……拆開tellsb./sth.apart把某人/某物區(qū)分開makesense有意義；講得通(P7)單句語法填空①Canyoumakesense________whatthiswriterissaying?②Thereisnosensein________(buy)expensiveclothesforchildren,astheysoongrowoutofthem.③Innosense________herealizehehadmadesuchaseriousmistake.答案：①of②buying③didmakesenseof...弄明白……makenosense沒有道理；沒有意義bringsb.tosb.'ssenses使某人清醒過來inasense從某種意義上來說innosense決不(位于句首時句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))monsense常識asenseofduty/humor/beauty/direction責(zé)任感/幽默感/美感/方向感Thereisno_sense_in(doing)sth.(做)某事是沒有意義的。Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.(P2)單句寫作①當(dāng)?shù)谝淮慰吹竭@張圖畫時，我們可能覺得滑稽，但之后，我們一定會是羞愧并且生氣的。Wemayfeelfunny__________________________，butafterfeelingfunnywemustbeashamedandangry.②他們一聽到呼救聲就沖了出去。Theyrushedout____________________________theshoutforhelp.③每次一天結(jié)束他到家時，我們都在門口迎接他。______________________________attheendoftheday,we'dgreethimatthedoor.④下次你來北京，一定讓我提前知道。________________________________,besuretoletmeknowinadvance.答案：①thefirsttimeweseethepicture②themomenttheyheard③Everytime/Wheneverhearrivedhome④NexttimeyouetoBeijing(1)everytime作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于whenever，表示“每當(dāng)……”(2)名詞詞組作連詞用而且能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的還有：eachtime每當(dāng)……的時候nexttime下次……時the＋序數(shù)詞＋time第……次時the＋瞬間名詞(moment/minute/second/instant)一……就……Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.(P7)單句語法填空①Ifonlyit________(be)possibleformetoseeheroncemore.②Onlyanhourago________theteacherfindoutwhyhewasabsent.③Onlytheteachers________(allow)tousetheputerroom.④Only________youaremodestcanyoumakeprogress.答案：①were②did③areallowed④if(1)“only＋狀語”(副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句)位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。但“only＋主語”位于句首時不用倒裝。(2)ifonly“但愿；要是……就好了”引導(dǎo)的狀語從句使用虛擬語氣，表達與現(xiàn)在、將來或過去事實相反的愿望。課文語法填空分鐘JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon,whowassoexpertthathe__1__(attend)QueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthewasfamousfor__2__(defeat)“KingCholera”.Cholerawasa__3__(dead)diseaseandneitheritscause__4__itscurewasunderstood.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvetheproblem.Hesuspectedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.SowhenanothersevereoutbreakhitLondon,hebeganhisenquiry.Hefoundthatmanyvictims__5__(link)totheoutbreakwerenearthewaterpump,sohehadthehandle__6__(remove).Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hedrew__7__conclusionthatthepollutedwaterwas__8__(blame).Thewater__9__(pany)wereinstructednottoexposepeople__10__pollutedwateranymore.Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6．________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案：1.attended2.defeating3.deadly4.nor5.linked6.removed7.the8.toblame9panies10.to▲befamousfor...因……而出名befamousas...作為……而出名▲diev.死；死亡deadadj.死的；消失的deadlyadj.致命的；非常的deathn.死亡(人數(shù))▲neither...nor...“既不……也不……”連接句中兩個相同成分，連接主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近原則”。隨堂檢測分鐘Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thereasonforshort-sightednessisplicatedandthereisstillnocure________it.答案：for2．Thefamousfilmdirectorlosthistemperfor________(expose)tosomanyentertainmentreportersandtheirquestionsabouthisprivatelife.答案：beingexposed3．Alltheevidencesuggeststhattheproblem________(improve)inrecentyears.答案：hasimproved4．I'mcautious________whatIsaybecausecarelessremarksarelikelytohurtothers'feelings.答案：about5．Tomannouncedhisresignation________staffmembersonWednesday.答案：to6．Whendeeply________(absorb)inwork,asheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.答案：absorbed7．LastweekIgotanewjobinabigfirm,andIfounditvery________(challenge).答案：challenging8．Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforanengineer________(handle)theproblem.答案：tohandle9．He________(suspect)ofstealingtheringatthepartylastnight,andthepolicewerelookingintothematter.答案：wassuspected10．I'dliketothankallofyouwhocontributedto________(build)thehospital.答案：buildingⅡ.教材微寫作A．根據(jù)提示完成句子1．我的語文老師懷特先生對我要求很嚴格。(bestrictwith)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：MyChineseteacherMrWhiteisverystrictwithme.2．他經(jīng)常提出問題讓我在課上回答。(putforward)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Heoftenputsforwardquestionsformetoanswerinclass.3．此外，他還建議我在學(xué)完課文后得出自己的結(jié)論。(conclusion)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Apartfromthis,hesuggeststhatIshoulddrawmyownconclusionsafterlearningthetext.4．我從閱讀中吸收了很多在課上學(xué)不到的知識。(absorb)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：IhaveabsorbedmuchknowledgefromreadingthatIcan'tlearnfromtextbooks.5．每次我遇到困難想放棄的時候，他總是鼓勵我不要放棄。(everytime)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：EverytimeIwanttogiveupwhenmeetingdifficulties,healwaysencouragesmenotto.6．他經(jīng)常說：“只有勇敢面對挑戰(zhàn)，才能獲得成功?！?challenge)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Heoftensay