2023-2024學年外研版（2019）必修第三冊Unit2 Making a difference單元考點突破學案

PAGE名師原創(chuàng)：Unit2單元考點突破●詞匯精講1.contributionn.捐款;捐獻物;貢獻;稿件;作品【原句再現(xiàn)】…Talkaboutthecontributionthesepeoplemadetosociety.【詞塊積累】contributevt.&vi.捐助;捐獻;貢獻;造成/促使(某事發(fā)生);投(稿);撰(稿)contributorn捐款人;撰稿人;起作用的因素contribute(sth)tosth對….奉獻…contribute(money)totheRedCross向紅十字會捐錢contributeto…對…做出貢獻，對….起作用【精品例句】Itwasgenerousofhertocontributesuchalargesumofmoney.她很大方，捐了這么一大筆錢Henevercontributes(ideas)tothediscussion.他在討論時從不發(fā)表意見Alcoholcontributesto100,000deathsayearintheUS.在美國，酒精每年造成10萬人死亡Stressisacontributingfactorinmanyillnesses.壓力是諸多疾病的致病因素Shecontributedanumberofarticlestothemagazine.她給這家雜志撰寫了許多文章Igaveacontributionof$100to/towardthechurch.我給教堂捐了100美元Thisisamagazinewithcontributionsfromwell-knowntravelwriters.這是一本由著名旅行作家撰稿的雜志?！靖呖兼溄印縄admireEdisonalotbecauseofhisgreatcontribution________theworld.(湖南卷)(to/toward)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Immigrantshavecontributed________theBritishcultureinmanyways.(to/toward)2.reliefn．減輕，緩解【原句再現(xiàn)】Theamountofreliefandcomfortexperiencedbythesickaftertheskinhasbeencarefullywashedanddried，isoneofthecommonestobservationsmadeatasickbed.【詞塊積累】relievevt.使減輕，使解除（痛苦/憂愁）toone’srelief令人寬慰的是/令人釋懷的是inrelief如釋負重，松了口氣【精品例句】Toourgreatrelief,theaccidentcausedlittledamage.令我們寬慰的是，事故造成的損失很小Thedoctorsaiditwasonlyaslightwound.Whatarelief.醫(yī)生說，只是輕傷，謝天謝地Thosewhosufferfromheadachewillfindtheygetrelieffromthismedicine.那些飽受頭疼折磨的將會發(fā)現(xiàn)使用這些藥物可以緩解疼痛Hearingthathehadpassedtheexam,hesighedinrelief.聽說自己通過了考試，他松了口氣IfeltgreatreliefwhenIheardIhadpassedtheexamination.當我聽說我考試通過的時候，我感到輕松多了Itwasarelieftobeabletotalktosomeoneaboutit.能和別人談?wù)勥@件事，感到舒心多了【高考鏈接】--Don’tworry,Mum.Thedoctorsaiditwasonlytheflu.(江蘇卷)--_____!I’lltellDadthere’snothingserious.A.WhatareliefB.CongratulationsC.HowsurprisingD.I’msorry(A)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Much_____herrelief，shesawthedooropen.(to)Shelongedforsomethingto_______(relief)thetirednessofeverydaylife.(relieve)3.shortagen．短缺，不足，缺乏【原句再現(xiàn)】Freshwatershortagelessthan1，000m3/capita/year【詞塊積累】shortadj.短的；不足的；矮的，低的shorts短褲shortenvt.使變短，縮短；反義詞是：lengthenshortlyadv.立刻，不久shortlyafter…….后不久shortcomingn.缺點，短處overcomeshortcomings克服缺點inshort總之，簡言之cut/makealongstoryshort長話短說food/water/housingshortage.食物/用/住房短缺beshortfor是…簡稱，縮寫beshortof缺少……【精品例句】Heistooshorttobecomeabasketballplayer.他太矮，當不了籃球運動員Thebusstopisashortwayoff.公交站離這里不遠Hisanswerwasshortandtothepoint.他的回答簡明切題UNisshortforUnitedNations.UN是UnitedNations的縮寫Heisshortoffundsrightnow.他目前缺資金Thereportseemedtobeshortoffacts.這個報告似乎缺乏事實依據(jù)Inshort,Iwilldomybesttohelpmakethesportsmeetingasuccess.總之，我會盡力促成此次運動會的成功Toovercomeashortageofmedicalstaff,10doctorshavebeenemployedfromoverseas.為解決醫(yī)務(wù)人員不足問題，已從海外聘請了十名醫(yī)生Smokingshortensyourlife.吸煙會減壽Hefinishedadifficulttaskonhisownshortlyafterheenteredthecompany.他進公司后不久就獨立完成了一項艱巨任務(wù)【高考鏈接】--Whydidn’tyoubuythecamerayouhadlongedfor?--Ihadplannedto,butIwas￡50______A.fewerB.lessC.cheapD.short(D)Theshopkeepergaveus_____weightwegot9kilosinsteadof10kilos.A.scarceB.shortC.lightD.slight(B)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式WHOisshort_____WorldHealthOrganization，whichisdevotedtohelpingimprovetheworld'shealthcondition.Butnowitisshort______enoughexperiencedmedicalworkers.Anditalsofindsthe______offreshwatermadethelivingconditionsworseinsomecountries.(for;of;shortage)4.effectiveadj.有效的;生效的【原句再現(xiàn)】NowtickthesolutionsthatyouthinkaremosteffectivetosupplyAfricawithfreshwater.【詞塊積累】effectn.結(jié)果;效力;作用;影響effectivelyadv有效地efficiency效率;效能greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)bring/put..intoeffect實施;實行ineffect在實施中;有效takeeffectivemeasures/steps采取有效措施takeeffect,相當于comeintoeffect生效;起作用【精品例句】Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld.全球變暖正在對世界上數(shù)百種動植物物種產(chǎn)生重大影響Somelawsfromtheeighteenthcenturyarestillineffect.一些18世紀的法律至今仍然有效Thesemeasuresarejustbeginningtotakeeffect.這些措施剛開始見效【高考鏈接】ThemoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecame______________(effect)atfindingandcatchingthem.(廣東卷)(effective)Ifyoucanfindwhateverlearningmethodsuitsyou,yourlearning_______(effective)islikelytoimprovegreatly.(上海課改卷)(efficiency)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Itisuncertainwhatside______(effectively)themedicinewillbringabout.(effect)5.earnvt.掙(錢)；賺得，掙得；博得；贏得【原句再現(xiàn)】Atfirst，hisplanwastoearnmoneytobuildasinglewellsomewhereinAfrica.【詞塊積累】earnings薪水，工資earnascholarship獲得獎學金earnanincome/afortune掙收入/大錢earnmoney＝makemoney掙錢earnone's/aliving謀生earnone'sfame/areputation贏得名聲【精品例句】Heearnedpraiseforhonesty.他因誠實而贏得了贊揚Rentingyourhouseoutasa“filmset”couldearnyouhundredsofpoundsaday.把房子租出去作為拍攝背景一天能掙幾百英鎊Heearnsa/hislivingbydoingoddjobs.他靠打零工謀生Howmuchdoesacookearninyourcountry?在你們國家，一位廚師能掙多少錢？IwanttoearnalotofmoneywhenIgrowup.長大后，我想掙大錢Heworkshard，buthedoesnotearnmuchmoney.他工作很努力，但錢賺得不多【高考鏈接】Youareoldenoughto____yourownliving.(遼寧卷)A.winB.gainC.takeD.earn(D)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Howdoessheearn______(she)livingaftersheleftherfamily?(her)He____(earn)agoodreputationasateachersincehegraduated.(hasearned)6.undercontrol在控制中；情況正?！驹湓佻F(xiàn)】...it'sthebestsmileintheworld；andthere'snobodyhurt，andthewellisundercontrol.【詞塊積累】“under＋n.”表示正在進行的動作或表示被動意義，其中名詞前不用冠詞。underconstruction正在建設(shè)中underrepair在修理中underdiscussion在討論中undertreatment正在接受治療【精品例句】Ifourneighborcontinuestorefusetokeephisdogundercontrol，wehavetotakehimtocourt.如果我們的鄰居繼續(xù)拒絕對他的狗加以控制，我們就不得不控告他了Luckily，thebigfirewasundercontrolassoonasthefirefighterscame.幸運的是，消防員一來到大火就控制住了【高考鏈接】Therearefourundergroundlinesinthiscity，andseverallinesare______construction.(浙江卷)(under)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Thequestionunder_____(discuss)isabouteducationofpreschoolchildren.(discussion)7.giveup放棄，停止【原句再現(xiàn)】Twothousanddollarswasalotofmoney，butRyandidn'tgiveup.【詞塊積累】givein(to)屈服(于)giveout分發(fā)；用光；放出giveaway贈送；泄露【精品例句】Hegiveuphisseattoapregnantwoman.他把座位讓給了一位孕婦Thefollowingaresomeideastohelppeopletogiveupsmoking.下面是一些幫助人們戒煙的方法Shewillgiveupthisjourneyiftheweatherisn'tsosatisfying.如果天氣不那么讓人滿意，她將放棄這次旅行Noonecanmakehimgiveuphisdreamofbecomingabasketballplayer.沒有人能讓他放棄他當籃球運動員的夢想【高考鏈接】Bodylanguagecan____alotaboutyourmood,sostandingwithyourarmsfoldedcansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive.A.takeawayB.throwawayC.putawayD.giveaway(D)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Canyougive_____thepaperstothestudentspresent，please?(out)Ifapersonhasnothadenoughsleep，hisactionwillgivehim_____duringtheday.(away)8.breakintoasmile突然笑起來【原句再現(xiàn)】Hebrokeintoajoyfulsmile.【詞塊積累】breakinto破門而入；強行闖入breakdown出故障；垮掉breakout(瘟疫/火山/火災(zāi)/爭吵/戰(zhàn)爭)爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生【精品例句】Heisalwaysseriousanditisveryhardtomakehimbreakintoasmile.他總是很嚴肅，很難讓他突然笑起來Whilereadingastorybook，theyounggirlbrokeintoasmilesuddenly.讀故事書的時候，小女孩突然笑了起來Thestudentbrokeintoabigsmileasshecametoherclassroom.這名學生往教室跑著，突然大笑了起來【高考鏈接】Ourcarbroke______onthewayandwhat'sworse，itwasgettingdark.(全國卷)A.upB.downC.outD.into(B)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Thewarbroke_____shortlyaftertheylefttheircountry.(out)9.realityn.現(xiàn)實【原句再現(xiàn)】Thisinsightgrewfromthedeterminedattitudeofasix-year-oldboywhohadthecourageandperseverancetomakehisdreamareality.【詞塊積累】realize/realisevt.實現(xiàn)；使…成為現(xiàn)實；認識到，意識到realization/realisation實現(xiàn)realadj.真的，真實的，天然的reallyadv.真實地，確實；當真inreality實際上，事實上inreallife在現(xiàn)實生活中notreally不是realizeone’sdreams/hopes/ambitions實現(xiàn)某人的夢想/希望/抱負realise+that/wh-從句，認識到；意識到【精品例句】Thisisnotimagination,butreality.這不是想象，而是事實Outwardlysheseemedconfidentbutinrealityshefeltextremelynervous.她表面上似乎自信，其實她感到極其緊張Herwishtobecomeamoviestarwasfinallyrealized.她當明星的愿望終于實現(xiàn)了OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItalydidIrealizehowmuchIlovedthem.知道離開父母去意大利時，我才明白自己有多愛他們Ihaverealizeditisyourpersonalitythatdecideswhoyoutrulyare.我意識到，正是你的個性決定了真正的你Ineverrealizedhowharditistorunonsand.我從沒有意識到在沙灘上跑有多困難【高考鏈接】--Youknow，Imetmygirlfriend’sparentsforthefirsttimeonlyyesterday.(陜西卷)--_____?Ithoughtyou’dmetthembefore.A.SowhatB.PardonC.ReallyD.Whatfor(C)--Thisapplepieissosweet,don’tyouthinkso?(山東卷)--____.Ithinkit’sjustright,actually.A.NotreallyB.IhopesoC.SoundsgoodD.Nowonder(A)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式WhenIgotonthebus,I_____(realize)Ihadleftmywalletathome.（山東課改卷）10.sensen.感官；感受；意識；理解力；判斷力；見識；通情達理；理智;心智；意思；意義；vt.感覺到；察覺到【原句再現(xiàn)】He’ssensitiveandratherserious,whichsometimesmakeshimappeartobealittlebookish.【詞塊積累】sensitiveadj.善解人意的；體恤的敏感的；易受他人影響的senselessadj.失去知覺的；無意義的；不明智的sensibleadj.明智的；合理的；可覺察到的fallsenseless失去知覺asenselessargument無意義的爭論asensibleanswer/option明智的回答/選擇asensibleincreaseintemperature溫度的明顯上升ahighlysensitivetopic高度敏感的話題靈敏的thesenseofsight/hearing/taste/touch視/聽/味/觸覺asenseofloss/responsibility失落感/責任感asenseofdirection/rhythm/humor方向/節(jié)奏/幽默感commonsense常識amanofsense通情達理的人cometoone'ssenses恢復(fù)理性；蘇醒loseone'ssenses失去理智inasense從某種意義上說innosense決不makesense講得通；有道理；合乎情理makesenseof弄懂..的意思thereisnosensein(doing)sth(做)某事是沒道理的【精品例句】Hegetsagreatsenseoffulfillmentfromhiswork.他從工作中獲得了極大的成就感There'salotofsenseinwhatshesays.她說的話很有見地Hetriedtomemorizethesenseofeverywordandphrase.他試圖記住每個詞語的意思Hewritesstoriesallthetime,soinasense,he'sawriter.他總是在寫故事，因此從某種意義上說，他是個作家InnosensedoIagreewiththissuggestion.我決不贊成這個建議。Thehotelwasinnosensecomfortable.這家酒店一點兒也不舒適。(溫馨提示：innosense用于句首時，句子用部分倒裝語序)Planningsofaraheadmakesnosense-somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.提前這么久做計劃沒有意義，許多事情到第二年可能都已經(jīng)變了Canyoumakeanysenseofthisarticle?你能看懂這篇文章嗎?There'snosenseingettingupsetaboutitnow.現(xiàn)在沒有必要為這件事煩惱Thedeersensedthedangerandranintothewoods.小鹿察覺到危險，跑進了樹林Hedidnotappeartobesensibleofthedifficultiesthatlayahead.他看上去并沒有意識到面前的困難Theresnodoubtthattheconsumersarestillverysensitivetotheprice.毫無疑問，消費者仍然對價格十分敏感【高考鏈接】See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesn't_____sensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.(天津卷)A.haveB.makeC.displayD.bring(B)Dogshaveaverygood______ofsmellandareoftenusedtosearchforsurvivorsinanearthquake.(浙江卷)A.senseB.viewC.meansD.idea(A)3.What'sthe______ofhavingapublicopenspacewhereyoucan'teat,drinkorevensimplyhangoutforawhile?(福建卷)A.senseB.matterC.caseD.opinion(A)4.Comparedwithhissister,Jerryisevenmoreto,andmoreeasilytroubledby,emotionalandrelationshipproblems.(江蘇卷)A.comfortableB.addictedC.availableD.sensitive(D)【考點訓練】IamsureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibrary--hehasaprettygood____ofdirection.A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense(D)11.generousadj.慷慨的；大方的【原句再現(xiàn)】She’susuallyveryshy,butshe’sgenerousandneverhesitatestohelp.【詞塊積累】generosityn.慷慨；大方generouslyadv.慷慨地；大方地begeneroustosb.對….慷慨begenerouswith…在…上慷慨/大方（反義詞組：bemeanwith…）Itisgenerousofsb.todosth.某人慷慨做某事【精品例句】Sheisalwaysverygeneroustothekids.她對小孩總是很慷慨Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.他十分慷慨地給與我時間，我為此非常感激Itwasgenerousofyoutoshareyourfoodwithme.你把食物分給我吃，真是慷慨啊Icouldn’thavegonethroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.沒有你的慷慨幫助，我不可能度過那段艱難時光【高考鏈接】Hedidn’tselfishlykeepforhimselfthemoneyinheritedfromhisuncle.Instead,hemadea___contributiontohelpthecommunity.A.commercialB.generousC.comparableD.profitable(B)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Theoldmanofferedthepoorchildrenallhismoney______(generous).(generously)12.hesitatevi.遲疑，猶豫；躊躇；顧慮【原句再現(xiàn)】She’susuallyveryshy,butshe’sgenerousandneverhesitatestohelp.【詞塊積累】hesitationn.躊躇；猶豫withouthesitation毫不猶豫hesitateabout/over…就…猶豫不決hesitatetodosth.猶豫做某事【精品例句】Hehesitatedbeforehereplied.回答前，他猶豫了一下Ihesitatetotellyouthetruth.我不大想告訴你真相Ifyouneedanyhelp,don’thesitatetocallus.要是你需要幫助，隨時給我們打電話Shehesitatedabout/overthechoicebetweenthetwodresses.她對到底選擇這兩件衣服中的哪一件猶豫不決Iacceptedthejobwithouthesitation.我毫不猶豫地接受了這份工作【高考鏈接】Weareatyourservice.Don’thesitate____(turn)tousifyouhaveanyfurtherproblems.(福建課改卷)(toturn)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Theystillhesitated______goingabroad.(about/over)13.assistancen.幫助，援助【原句再現(xiàn)】InChina,volunteersarealsoplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection,disabilityassistanceandmanyotherfields.【詞塊積累】assistvt.&vi.幫助；協(xié)助assistantn.|助手；副手；助理；店員；adj.助理的；輔助的anassistantmanager/director助理經(jīng)理/主任ateaching/shopassistant助教/店員medical/technicalassistance醫(yī)療援助/技術(shù)支持give/offer/provideassistancetosb.幫助某人【精品例句】We'relookingforpeoplewhowouldbewillingtoassistin/withthegroup'swork.我們正在尋找顧意幫助該小組工作的人Withtheassistanceofhisbrother,hesoldonepainting.在弟弟的幫助下，他賣掉了一幅畫Canwebeofassistanceinanyway?我們能幫上什么忙嗎?辨析：assist,help,aid三者都有“幫助”之意，但側(cè)重點有所不同assist側(cè)重“協(xié)助、助理”、受助者自己要做大部分工作。Anurseassistedthesurgeonduringtheoperation.一位護士在手術(shù)中協(xié)助外科醫(yī)生help指給予各方面幫助。Iwillhelpyou(to)finishthehousework.我來幫助你做完家務(wù)aid指用金錢、物資等“援助”他人，強調(diào)幫助受助者脫離困難Sheisalwaysaidingthestudentwithmoney.她一直在資助那個學生【高考鏈接】IswamtoDadquicklyandassistedhim______(climb)ontotheboat.（重慶課改卷）(inclimbing/toclimb)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Sheisanexcellent______(assist)manager.(assistant)14.achievementn.成績；成就【原句再現(xiàn)】Later,Wintonreceivedvarioushonoursforhisachievement,includingaknighthoodin2003.andtheCzechgovernment’shighesthonor,theOrderoftheWhiteLion,in2014.【詞塊積累】achievevt.取得；完成；實現(xiàn)achievesuccess取得成功achieveone’sgoal/dream實現(xiàn)目標/夢想greatscientificachievements偉大的科學成就asenseofachievement成就感【精品例句】Iusedtotryeffectivemethodstoachievemyacademicgoals.為了實現(xiàn)我的學習目標，我曾嘗試過一些有效的方法Noonecanachieveanythingwithouteffort.沒有人不努力就有所成就Hehadachievedwhathethoughtwasimpossible.他做成了自己以為不可能的事Heisanexcellentlawyerwithagoodbrainandadeterminationtoachieve.他是位優(yōu)秀律師，具有好的頭腦和取得成功的決心Seeingthelinesoftreeswehadplanted,weallhadasenseofachievement.看見親手種下的一排排樹，我們大家都有一種成就感Hewasawardedaprizeforhisachievementsinphysics.他因在物理學上的成就而獲獎【高考鏈接】Lucyhas_____allofthegoalsshesetforherselfinhighschoolandisreadyfornewchallengesatuniversity.(湖南課改卷)A.acquiredB.finishedC.concludedD.achieved(D)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Wealltakeprideinhis________(achieve)inmath.(achievements)15.treatmentn.治療；療法；對待【原句再現(xiàn)】In1969,(TuYouyou)workedastheleaderofaresearchteamaimingtodiscoveratreatmentformalaria.【詞塊積累】treatvt.對待，看待；醫(yī)療，治療；處理；招待，款待treatsb/sth.as把…看作treatsb.to…用…招待某人；以…款待某人fair/specialtreatment公平對待/特殊處理undermedicaltreatment正在接受治療【精品例句】Treatotherpeopleasyouhopetheywilltreatyou.你希望別人如何對待你，你就如何對待別人Allvisitorstothisvillagearetreatedwithkindness.到這個村子的所有游客都受到善待Ireallycan’tunderstandyoutreatingherlikethat.我真不明白你為何那樣對她Goodpublicspeakingtrainingshouldtreatyouasaspecialone,withyourownpersonalhabits.好的公眾演講訓練應(yīng)該把你當做一個有著個人習慣的特殊個體來對待Don’tworryaboutthecost;I’lltreatyou.別擔心費用，我請客Sheleftthehospitalandtreatedherselftoaboxofchocolates.她離開了醫(yī)院，并給自己買了一盒巧克力糖吃Fistaidisaveryimportantfirststepinthetreatmentofburns.在治療燒傷過程中，急救處理是非常重要的第一步【高考鏈接】Youngpeopleshouldalwaystreattheelders____respect.(陜西卷)(with)【考點訓練】在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（一個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Wouldyoupleasetreatme_____eggs?(to)●本單元其他重要考點16.lookacross…（目光）掃過…Helookedacrosstheclassroomatthedrinkingfountain.(教材)Afterhelpingcleanthewindow,helookedacrosstheroomtoseeiftherewasanythingelsehecoulddo.17.turnout出席，參加；生產(chǎn)，制造；證明是，原來是Healsosawhundredsofdelightedstudentswhohadturnedouttowelcomehim.(教材)Thefactoryturnsout900carsaweek.Unexpectedlytheweatherturnedoutprettynicethatday.18.makeone’sdreamareality=achieveone’sdream=one’sdreamcometrue=turnone’sdreamintoreality.實現(xiàn)夢想/愿望Thisinsightgrewfromthedeterminedattitudeofasix-year-oldboywhohadthecourageandperseverancetomakehisdreamreality.(教材)19.passaway去世，死亡NicholasWintonpassedawayon1July2015,attheageof106.(教材)Hehadnochildrenofhisown,andmostofhisrelativ